Spaceport Florida Launch Complex 36

Launch Complex 36
An Atlas-Centaur at LC-36 prior to the launch of Pioneer 10
Launch site CCAFS (1962-2010)
Spaceport Florida (2010—)
Location 28°28′14″N 80°32′24″W / 28.47056°N 80.54000°W / 28.47056; -80.54000Coordinates: 28°28′14″N 80°32′24″W / 28.47056°N 80.54000°W / 28.47056; -80.54000
Short name SLC-36
Operator Space Florida
Formerly:NASA
US Air Force
Total launches 145
Launch pad(s) 2
Min / max
orbital inclination		 28° - 57°
(S)LC-36A launch history
Status Inactive
Launches 68
First launch May 18, 1962
Atlas LV-3C Centaur-A AC-1
Last launch August 31, 2004
Atlas IIAS / NROL-1
Associated
rockets		 Atlas-Centaur
Atlas I
Atlas II
New Glenn
(S)LC-36B launch history
Status Inactive
Launches 77
First launch August 11, 1965
Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D / Surveyor D-2
Last launch February 3, 2005
Atlas III / NROL-23
Associated
rockets		 Atlas-Centaur
Atlas I
Atlas II
Atlas III
New Glenn

Launch Complex 36 (LC-36)—formerly known as Space Launch Complex 36 (SLC-36) from 1997 to 2010—is a launch complex at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Brevard County, Florida. It was used for Atlas launches by NASA and the US Air Force from 1962 until 2005.[1][2]

Blue Origin has leased the launch site since 2015 in order to build a new launch site for launching Blue's orbital rockets. Orbital launches are expected to begin from LC36 no earlier than 2020,[3] and the first launch vehicle slated to launch there is New Glenn, under development by Blue Origin since 2012.[4]

Historically, the complex consisted of two launch pads, SLC-36A and SLC-36B, and was the launch site for the Pioneer, Surveyor, and Mariner probes in the 1960s and 1970s.[5] There were a total of 68 and 77 launches from pads 36A and 36B, respectively, while the US government operated the launch complex in the first five decades of spaceflight.[6]

The Atlas rockets launched from Complex 36 were subsequently superseded by the Atlas V launch vehicle which launches from Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral beginning in 2002.

History

LC-36A was the scene of the biggest on-pad explosion in Cape history when Atlas-Centaur AC-5 fell back onto the pad on March 2, 1965. The accident spurred NASA to complete work on LC-36B which had been abandoned when it was 90% finished.

In 2008, Aviation Week magazine reported that the U.S. Air Force committed to lease Launch Complex 36 to Space Florida for future use by the Athena III launch system,[7] but that program had not moved forward as late as 2013.[8]

In March 2010, the USAF 45th Space Wing issued Real Property Licenses to Space Florida for Space Launch Complexes 36 and 46 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.[9][10]

Moon Express leased the pad in February 2015 from Space Florida as a development and test site for its commercial lunar operations and its lunar lander flight test vehicles.[11]

In 2015, Blue Origin signed a long-term lease of launch site from Space Florida for launching Blue's orbital rockets, after Space Florida had previously leased the facility from the USAF in 2010 in order to facilitate commercial use of the land and facilities since the Air Force no longer required use of the launch complex. Moon Express and Blue Origin shared LC-36, delineated into LC-36A and LC-36B respectively, until Moon Express announced its relocation to Launch Complexes 17 and 18 in 2016, allowing Blue Origin full use of the LC-36 facility. As of 2016, orbital launches are expected to begin from LC-36 no earlier than 2020.[3]

2006 tower demolition

The legacy Atlas-Centaur umbilical towers of both pads were demolished in 2006.[12] The mobile service towers were both demolished in controlled explosions on June 16, 2007. Tower B was demolished at 13:59 GMT (09:59 EDT) and tower A followed twelve minutes later at 14:11 (10:11 EDT).[13]

Blue Origin lease

On September 15, 2015, Blue Origin announced it would use Launch Complex 36 for launches of its orbital launch vehicle later in the decade.[14][15][16]

Blue Origin has leased the land at Launch Complex 36 from the Florida state space agency, Space Florida, and will manufacture their new BE-4-powered orbital launch vehicle at the nearby Exploration Park, also a part of the Space Florida land complex.

By October 2015, the pad design and configuration was not yet known.[6] Blue broke ground for the facility to initiate construction activity on the site in June 2016.[17]

By March 2016, the first launch of the Blue orbital launch vehicle New Glenn was estimated to be no earlier than 2020[3] and that target date had not changed by the time high-level specifications for the new launcher were unveiled in September 2016,[4], nor by the time construction of the launch site was well underway in September 2018.[18]

The New Glenn will be a very large 7.0-meter (23 ft)-diameter vehicle. The first stage will be powered by seven BE-4 methane/oxygen engines producing 17.1 meganewtons (3,850,000 lbf) total thrust at launch. The first stage will be reusable and is designed to land vertically.[4]

Blue has also leased the adjacent land—formerly known as LC-11—to use as a ground-based rocket engine test facility. Construction of the new launch complex and engine test facility was still underway in September 2018.[18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ McDowell, Jonathan (February 22, 1998). "Issue 350". Jonathan's Space Report. Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  2. ↑ "Table 3 — Launch Capability in Florida". AU-18 Space Handbook. Air War College Gateway to the Internet. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  3. 1 2 3 Boyle, Alan (March 5, 2016). "Jeff Bezos lifts curtain on Blue Origin rocket factory, lays out grand plan for space travel that spans hundreds of years". GeekWire. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 Bergin, Chris (September 12, 2016). "Blue Origin introduce the New Glenn orbital LV". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  5. ↑ Research Triangle Institute, Center for Aerospace Technology (CAST), Florida Office (March 1999). "Launch Site Safety Assessment, Section 1.0 Eastern Range General Range Capabilities" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. p. 31. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  6. 1 2 Gebhardt, Chris (October 8, 2015). "Canaveral and KSC pads: New designs for space access". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
  7. ↑ Craig Covault (October 27, 2008). "Boeing Joins Commercial Athena III Program".
  8. ↑ Day, Dwayne (February 11, 2013). "Athena rising?". The Space Review.
  9. ↑ "Air Force licenses two launch complexes for commercial use". Archived from the original on September 5, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
  10. ↑ "Space Florida secures licenses for Launch Complexes 46 and 36". Retrieved March 15, 2010.
  11. ↑ Clark, Stephen (January 24, 2015). "Former Atlas launch pad gets a new tenant". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  12. ↑ Coledan, Stefano S. (February 28, 2006). "Slowly Crumbling, NASA Landmarks May Face the Bulldozer". The New York Times. Cape Canaveral: The New York Times. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  13. ↑ Warren, Ken (June 21, 2007). "Historic complex 36 towers toppled". Air Force. Patrick Air Force Base: 45th SW Public Affairs. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  14. ↑ Cofield, Calla (September 15, 2015). "Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin Will Launch Rockets and Spaceships from Florida". Space.com. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
  15. ↑ Foust, Jeff (September 15, 2015). "Bezos Not Concerned About Competition, Possible ULA Sale". Space News. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
  16. ↑ Harwood, William (September 17, 2015). "Jeff Bezos plans to boost humans into space from Cape Canaveral". CBS News.
  17. ↑ Cofield, Calla (June 28, 2016). "Blue Origin's Rocket Factory Breaks Ground". Space.com. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  18. 1 2 Burghardt, Thomas (20 September 2018). "Building on New Shepard, Blue Origin to pump a billion dollars into New Glenn readiness". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
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