1983 Coalinga earthquake

1983 Coalinga earthquake
Los Angeles
Susanville
Coalinga
Avenal
UTC time 1983-05-02 23:42:37
ISC event 575305
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local date May 2, 1983 (1983-05-02)
Local time 4:42 p.m
Magnitude 6.2 Mw [1]
Depth 10 kilometers (6 mi) [1]
Epicenter 36°14′N 120°19′W / 36.23°N 120.31°W / 36.23; -120.31 [1]
Type Blind thrust [2]
Areas affected Central California
United States
Total damage $10 million USD [3]
Max. intensity VIII (Severe) [1]
Landslides Yes
Aftershocks 5.9 Mw July 22 at 02:39 [4]
Casualties 94 injured [3]

The 1983 Coalinga earthquake struck at 4:42 p.m. Monday, May 2 of that year, in Coalinga, California,[5]

The shock was felt from the greater Los Angeles Area north to Susanville in Lassen County, and between the Pacific Coast and western Nevada. More than 5,000 aftershocks were recorded through July 31, of which 894 had a magnitude of 2.5 or larger. It measured 6.2 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (severe).[6]

Earthquake

The Coalinga quake was caused by an 0.5-meter uplift of an anticline ridge northeast of Coalinga, but surface faulting was not observed. Ground and aerial reconnaissance immediately after the quake revealed ground cracks and fissures within about 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) of the epicenter, none of which appeared to represent movement on deeply rooted fault structures. About five weeks later, on June 11, an aftershock caused surface faulting about 12 km (7.5 mi) northwest of Coalinga.[6]

Damage

A destroyed building on 5th Street in Coalinga

The earthquake caused an estimated $10 million in property damage (according to the American Red Cross) and injured 94 people. Damage was most severe in Coalinga, where the eight-block downtown commercial district was almost destroyed. Here, buildings having unreinforced brick walls sustained the heaviest damage. Newer buildings, such as the Bank of America and the Guarantee Savings and Loan, sustained only superficial damage. The most significant damage outside the Coalinga area was at Avenal, 31 kilometers (19 mi) southeast of the epicenter.[6]

A disaster assessment by the American Red Cross listed the following statistics on damage in the area: almost destroyed – 309 single-family houses and 33 apartment buildings; major damage – 558 single-family houses, 94 mobile homes, and 39 apartment buildings; and minor damage – 811 single-family houses, 22 mobile homes, and 70 apartment buildings. Most public buildings, including the City Hall, hospital, schools, fire house, post office, and police station, sustained only minor damage.[6]

USGS ShakeMaps for the mainshock (left) and the July 22 aftershock

Six bridges of 60 in the area sustained measurable structural damage, which consisted of hairline cracks and spalling at the top of the support columns, fracturing and displacement of wing walls and parapets, and settlement of fill.[6]

All public utilities were damaged, but the water system continued to function despite many leaks in its transmission piping. Gas was shut off for several days because of broken piping and leaks, but only temporary interruptions of electric and telephone services were reported. One large section of old concrete sewerage west of the downtown area partly collapsed but continued to function.[6]

In the oil fields near Coalinga, surface facilities such as pumping units, storage tanks, pipelines, and support buildings were all damaged to some degree. One oil company administration building, about 7 km (4.3 mi) north of Coalinga, sustained major structural damage, and its two brick chimneys were toppled. Subsurface damage, including collapsed or parted well casing, was observed on fourteen of 1,725 active wells.[6]

Ground effects

The earthquake triggered thousands of rock falls and rock slides as far as 34 km (21 mi) northwest, 15 km (9.3 mi) south, and 26 km (16 mi) southwest of the epicenter. Only a few slope failures occurred east of the epicenter because of the absence of steep slopes in that direction.[6]

Aftermath

The California Seismic Safety Commission investigated the temblor, provided funding and expert technical assistance for planning and reconstruction and published a report on the quake.[7] Coalinga recovered 98 percent of its expenses in repairing and rebuilding public buildings at a time when an 85 percent recovery was considered a success.[8] In September 2006, the California Seismic Safety Commission was renamed the Alfred E. Alquist Seismic Safety Commission in honor of the then recently deceased California politician Al Alquist.[7]

The Coalinga earthquake suggested to geologists that the state of California was in worse seismological danger than had been thought. The pace of earthquake activity along the Pacific coast was identified as a relevant subject for further study, and the investigation of earthquakes stemming from unknown faults caused concern.[9] California officials said that a predicted great quake would do far more damage than this one and that if it struck in a densely populated area the damage would be incalculable.[10]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Stover & Coffman 1993, p. 96
  2. ↑ Yeats, R. (2012), Active Faults of the World, Cambridge University Press, p. 95, ISBN 978-0-521-19085-5
  3. 1 2 Stover & Coffman 1993, p. 171
  4. ↑ Stover & Coffman 1993, pp. 97, 175
  5. ↑ Associated Press, “Coalinga Earthquake: It Might Have Been Worse Somewhere Else,” ‘’Santa Cruz Sentinel,’’ May 4, 1983, page 38
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Earthquake's destruction". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 26 June 2008.
  7. 1 2 Senate Bill No. 1278 CHAPTER 532 An act to amend Sections of the Government Code relating to the Seismic Safety Commission. (September 28, 2006)
  8. ↑ Borba, Jeanie; Diaz, Sam. (May 2, 1993) The Fresno Bee Coalinga – The town the quake built. Section: Telegraph; Page A1.
  9. ↑ Blakeslee, Sandra. "Lesson of Coalinga:California Seems in Still Greater Peril," New York Times. May 24, 1983.
  10. ↑ Lindsey, Robert (May 4, 1983). "Lessons of 'Moderate' Coast Earthquake". The New York Times.

Sources

  • Mavko, G. M.; Schulz, S.; Brown, B. D. (1983), "Effects of the 1983 Coalinga, California, earthquake on creep along the San Andreas fault", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Seismological Society of America, 75 (2): 475–489
  • Shakal, A. F.; Ragsdale, J. T. (1983), "Strong Motion Data From the Coalinga, California Earthquakes and Aftershocks", The 1983 Coalinga, California Earthquakes, CDMG Special Publication 66, OSMS 83-04, California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, California Division of Mines and Geology
  • Stover, C. W.; Coffman, J. L. (1993), Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised), U.S. Geological Survey professional paper 1527, United States Government Printing Office

Further reading

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