1835

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1835 (MDCCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1835th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 835th year of the 2nd millennium, the 35th year of the 19th century, and the 6th year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1835, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

October 2: "Come and take it" – slogan of the Texas Revolution.

October–December

December 16: Great Fire of New York

• October 2 – The Texas Revolution – Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
• October 3 – The Staedtler Company (pencil manufacturers) is founded by J. S. Staedtler in Nuremberg, Germany.
• October 28
  • The United Tribes of New Zealand is founded at Waitangi, with the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand.
  • Texas Revolution – Battle of Concepción: The Texian Army defeats the Mexicans.
• November 16 – Halley's Comet reaches perihelion, its closest approach to the Sun.
• November 19 – A force of 500 Māori people invade and enslave the peoples of the Chatham Islands.
• November 27 – Two London men, James Pratt and John Smith, are hanged in front of Newgate Prison in London, after a conviction of buggery. They are the last to suffer capital punishment for homosexual acts in England.^[4]
• December 7
  • The Bavarian Ludwig Railway opens between Nuremberg and Fürth, with a train hauled by the English-built Der Adler ("The Eagle"), the first railway in Germany.
  • Future U.S. President James K. Polk becomes Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.
• December 9 – The Army of the Republic of Texas captures San Antonio.
• December 16–17 – The Great Fire of New York destroys 530 buildings, including the New York Stock Exchange.
• December 20 – The Texas Declaration of Independence is first signed at Goliad, Texas.
• December 21 – The Raleigh and Gaston Railroad is chartered in Raleigh, North Carolina.^[5]
• December 28 – United States: The Second Seminole War led by Osceola breaks out.
• December 29 – The Treaty of New Echota is signed between the United States Government, and members of the Cherokee Nation.

Births

January–June

Léopold II of Belgium

Pope Pius X

• January 14 – Emmy Rappe, Swedish nurse pioneer (d. 1896)
• February 5 – Tenshoin, wife of 13th Shogun of Japan, Tokugawa Iesada (d.1883)
• February 13 – Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (d. 1908)
• February 15 – Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president (d. 1908)
• February 18 – César Cui, Lithuanian composer (d. 1918)
• February 22 – Jeannette Walworth, American novelist, journalist (d. 1918)
• March 12 – Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer (d. 1909)
• March 14 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (d. 1910)
• March 15 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer (d. 1916)
• March 21 –Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter, Swedish Sami educator (d. 1864)
• March 24 – Jožef Stefan, Slovenian physicist, mathematician, and poet (d. 1893)
• April 2 – Jacob Nash Victor, American railroad builder (d. 1907)
• April 4 – John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (d. 1911)
• April 9 – King Léopold II of Belgium (d. 1909)
• May 1 – Marie Rée, Danish newspaper publisher (d. 1900)
• May 3 – Alfred Austin, English poet (d. 1913)
• May 7 – Manuel de la Cámara y Libermoore, Spanish admiral (d. 1920)
• May 18 – Charles N. Sims, American Methodist preacher, third chancellor of Syracuse University (d. 1908)
• May 21 – František Chvostek, Moravian physician (d. 1884)
• June 2 – Pope Pius X (d. 1914)
• June 10 – Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany, (d. 1908)
• June 12 – George Atzerodt, conspirator with John Wilkes Booth, assigned to assassinate Vice President Andrew Johnson (d. 1865)
• June 15 – Adah Isaacs Menken, American actress (d. 1868)
• June 23 – Fanny Eaton, Jamaican-born artists model and domestic worker (d. 1924)
• June 24 – Johannes Wislicenus, German chemist (d. 1902)
• June 26 – Thomas W. Knox, American author, journalist (d. 1896)
• June 27 – Domenico Comparetti, Italian scholar (d. 1927)

July–December

Adolf von Baeyer

Empress Dowager Cixi

Mark Twain

• July 6 – George White, British field marshal (d. 1912)
• July 7 – Ernest Giles, Australian explorer (d. 1897)
• July 10 – Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer (d. 1880)
• July 17 – Thomas Erskine Holland, British jurist (d. 1926)
• July 19 – Justo Rufino Barrios, 9th President of Guatemala (d. 1885)
• July 27 – Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)
• July 30 – Edmund Francis Dunne, American politician, jurist, and Catholic orator (d 1904)
• July 31 – Henri Brisson, 2-time Prime Minister of France (d. 1912)
• August 2 – Elisha Gray, American inventor, businessman (d. 1901)
• August 6 – Hjalmar Kiærskou, Danish botanist (d. 1900)
• August 19 – Tom Wills, Australian cricketer, pioneer of Australian rules football (d. 1880)
• August 27 – Thomas Burberry, English businessman, inventor (d. 1926)
• September 1 – Raphael Kalinowski, Polish Discalced Carmelite friar, saint (d. 1907)
• September 28 – Sai Baba, Indian spiritual master (d. 1918)
• October 7 – Felix Draeseke, German composer (d. 1913)
• October 9 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)
• October 16 – William R. Shafter, American general (d. 1906)
• October 23 – Adlai E. Stevenson I, 23rd Vice President of the United States (d. 1914)
• October 31 – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
• November 17 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero, Governor of Ohio (d. 1915)
• November 19 – Rani Lakshmibai, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1858)
• November 21 – Rose Eytinge, American actress (d. 1911)
• November 25
  • Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist, philanthropist (d. 1919)
  • Arthur Sewall, American politician, industrialist (d. 1900)
• November 29 – Empress Dowager Cixi of China (d. 1908)
• November 30 – Mark Twain, American author, humorist (d. 1910)
• December 4 – Samuel Butler, English writer (d. 1902)
• December 6 – Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig, German chemist (d. 1910)
• December 17 – Alexander Emanuel Agassiz, American scientist, son of Louis Agassiz (d. 1910)
• December 18 – Lyman Abbott, American clergyman, author (d. 1922)
• December 28 – Archibald Geikie, Scottish geologist (d. 1924)
• undated – Mathilda Fogman, Finnish-Swedish religious leader (d. 1921)

Deaths

January–June

Wilhelm von Humboldt

Saint Magdalene of Canossa

• January 1 – Mátyás Godina, Slovene Lutheran pastor, writer and teacher (b. 1768)
• February 8 – Guillaume Dupuytren, French anatomist, military surgeon (b. 1777)
• February 15 – Henry Hunt, British politician (b. 1773)
• March 2 – Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1768)
• March 18 – Christian Günther von Bernstorff, Danish, Prussian statesman, diplomat (b. 1769)
• March 30 – Richard Sharp MP, known as 'Conversation Sharp' English merchant, critic, poet and wit
• April 1 – Józef Zeydlitz, Polish military leader (b. 1755)
• April 8 – Wilhelm von Humboldt, German linguist, philosopher (b. 1767)
• April 10 – Magdalene of Canossa, Italian Catholic religious professed, saint (b. 1774)
• April 21 – Samuel Slater, American industrialist (b. 1768)
• May 8 – Francisca Zubiaga y Bernales, first lady of Peru, controversial socialite (b. 1803)
• May 13 – John Nash, English architect (b. 1752)
• June 18 – William Cobbett, English journalist, author (b. 1763)
• June 24 – Andreas Vokos Miaoulis, Greek admiral (b. 1768)

References