鱷
See also: 鳄
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Translingual
Han character
鱷 (radical 195, 魚+16, 27 strokes, cangjie input 弓火一土口 (NFMGR), four-corner 26327, composition ⿰魚噩)
References
- KangXi: page 1480, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46597
- Dae Jaweon: page 2012, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4720, character 10
- Unihan data for U+9C77
Chinese
| trad. | 鱷/鰐 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 鳄 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (屰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 斥 | *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ |
| 訴 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 泝 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 愬 | *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ |
| 遡 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 塑 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 溯 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 遻 | *ŋaːɡs |
| 柝 | *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ |
| 鶚 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 諤 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 齶 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鍔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 遌 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 崿 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 偔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 堮 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 湂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鱷 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 噩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 咢 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鑩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鄂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鰐 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 萼 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 愕 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 顎 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 朔 | *sŋraːɡ |
| 槊 | *sraːwɢ |
| 蒴 | *sraːwɢ |
| 坼 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 拆 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 逆 | *ŋraɡ |
| 屰 | *ŋraɡ |
| 縌 | *ŋraɡ |
| 蝷 | *reːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋaːɡ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ).
Etymology
Within Chinese, Carr (1990) relates it to:
- 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “to beat the drum”), either because drumming was associated with dragons or because some drums were made of crocodilian skins (Schuessler, 2007).
- Words for “fear”, e.g. 愕 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “startled; terrified”), 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “frightening; startling”).
Outside of Chinese, Carr (1990) also relates it to:
- Proto-Tai *ŋwak (“mythical water creature”) (reconstruction from Chamberlain, 1977), which Pittayaporn (2009), reconstructing the root as *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”), holds to be a loan from Chinese.
- Proto-Austro-Tai *(m)baŋiwak (“shark; crocodile”), posited by Paul K. Benedict and proposed by him to give rise to the Tai word, as well as Japanese 鰐 (wani, “crocodilian; shark”), 魚 (uo, “fish”).
Pronunciation
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 鱷魚 (“crocodile; alligator”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 鱷, 忽雷, 骨雷 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鱷 | |
| Taxonomic name | 鱷 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 鱷魚 |
| Taiwan | 鱷魚 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鱷魚 |
| Hong Kong | 鱷魚 | |
| Taishan | 鱷魚 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鱷魚 |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 鱷魚 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 鱷魚 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 鱷魚 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 鱷魚 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 鱷魚 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 鱷魚 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 末仔 |
| Zhangzhou | 末仔 | |
| Taipei | 鱷魚 | |
| Kaohsiung | 鱷魚 | |
| Penang | 末仔 | |
| Singapore | 末仔 | |
Descendants
- → Tai: *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”)
- Ahom: 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (nguek, “crocodile; nāga”)
- Lao: ເງືອກ (ngư̄ak, “merperson; electric eel”)
- Shan: ငိူၵ်ႈ (ngōek, “alligator; crocodile”)
- Thai: เงือก (ngʉ̂ʉak, “snake; nāga; crocodilian; mythical water creature; merperson”)
Japanese
| 鰐 | |
| 鱷 |
Kanji
鱷
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鰐)
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Vietnamese
Han character
鱷 (ngạc)
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