要求

Chinese

		important; vital; to want important; vital; to want; to be going to; must; demand; ask; request; coerce	to seek; to look for; to request to seek; to look for; to request; to demand; to beseech
simp. and trad. (要求)		要	求

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yāoqiú

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄠㄑㄧㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu¹ kau⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yêu-khiù
Min Nan (POJ): iau-kiû
Wu (Wiktionary): iau jjieu (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yāoqiú
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠㄑㄧㄡˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iauchyou
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Note: Note pronunciation of 要.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jiu¹ kau⁴
  - Yale: yīu kàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jiu¹ kau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yiu¹ keo⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯⁵⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-khiù
  - Hakka Romanization System: ieu´ kiuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yeu¹ kiu²
  - IPA: /i̯eu̯²⁴ kʰi̯u¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-khiù
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieu´ kiuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yeu¹ kiu²
  - IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯²⁴ kʰi̯u¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iau-kiû
  - Tâi-lô: iau-kiû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iau'kiuu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iaʊ⁴⁴⁻²² kiu²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʊ³³ kiu²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iaʊ⁴⁴⁻²² kiu¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iaʊ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaʊ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiu²³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: iau jjieu (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /iɔ⁵⁵ d̥͡ʑiɜ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ʔiᴇu ɡɨu/▼

Rime
Character	要	求
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於霄切	巨鳩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiᴇu/	/ɡɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɛu/	/ɡiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔjæu/	/ɡiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiaw/	/guw/
Li Rong	/ʔiɛu/	/ɡiu/
Wang Li	/ĭɛu/	/ɡĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛu/	/gi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yāo	qiú

Verb

要求

to ask; to request; to require; to demand; to claim
要求某人做某事 ― yāoqiú mǒurén zuò mǒushì ― to ask somebody to do something

Synonyms

edit

哀告 (āigào)
哀求 (āiqiú)
央告 (yānggào)

央求 (yāngqiú)
懇求／恳求 (kěnqiú)
請求／请求 (qǐngqiú)

Noun

要求

request; requirement; demand; claim (Classifier: 點／点)
提要求 ― tí yāoqiú ― to make a request

著裝要求 / 着装要求 ― zhuózhuāng yāoqiú ― dress code

領土要求 / 领土要求 ― lǐngtǔ yāoqiú ― territorial claim

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (要求):

→ Japanese: 要 (よう)求 (きゅう) (yōkyū)
→ Korean: 요구 (要求, yogu)
→ Vietnamese: yêu cầu (要求)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
要	求
よう Grade: 4	きゅう Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 要求 (MC ʔiᴇu ɡɨu).

Noun

要求 (hiragana ようきゅう, rōmaji yōkyū)

demand; firm request; requirement
要 (よう)求 (きゅう)を無 (む)視 (し)した。
Yōkyū o mushi shita.
They did not listen to our demands.

Verb

要求する (transitive, hiragana ようきゅうする, rōmaji yōkyū suru)

to demand

Conjugation

Conjugation of "要求する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	要求し	ようきゅうし	yōkyū shi
Continuative (連用形)	要求し	ようきゅうし	yōkyū shi
Terminal (終止形)	要求する	ようきゅうする	yōkyū suru
Attributive (連体形)	要求する	ようきゅうする	yōkyū suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	要求すれ	ようきゅうすれ	yōkyū sure
Imperative (命令形)	要求せよ¹ 要求しろ²	ようきゅうせよ¹ ようきゅうしろ²	yōkyū seyo¹ yōkyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	要求される	ようきゅうされる	yōkyū sareru
Causative	要求させる要求さす	ようきゅうさせるようきゅうさす	yōkyū saseru yōkyū sasu
Potential	要求できる	ようきゅうできる	yōkyū dekiru
Volitional	要求しよう	ようきゅうしよう	yōkyū shiyō
Negative	要求しない	ようきゅうしない	yōkyū shinai
Negative continuative	要求せず	ようきゅうせず	yōkyū sezu
Formal	要求します	ようきゅうします	yōkyū shimasu
Perfective	要求した	ようきゅうした	yōkyū shita
Conjunctive	要求して	ようきゅうして	yōkyū shite
Hypothetical conditional	要求すれば	ようきゅうすれば	yōkyū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
要	求

Noun

要求 • (yogu) (hangeul 요구)

Hanja form^? of 요구 (“demand; claim”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
要	求

Verb

要求

Hán tự form of yêu cầu (“to demand”).

Noun

要求

Hán tự form of yêu cầu (“demand; request”).

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