紺

See also: 绀

紺	U+7D3A, 紺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D3A

← 紹
[U+7D39]

CJK Unified Ideographs

紻 →
[U+7D3B]

Translingual

Han character

紺 (radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 女火廿一 (VFTM), four-corner 2497₀, composition ⿰糸甘)

dark blue or reddish color

References

KangXi: page 920, character 18

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27362

Dae Jaweon: page 1352, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3378, character 12

Unihan data for U+7D3A

Chinese

trad.		紺
simp.		绀

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 紺
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
紺	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌	sɡaːmʔ, kʰraːm
甘	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	kaːm, kʰaːm
蚶	ɢaːm, ɢaːm
酣	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	ɡaːm, ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	ɡram, ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kɯːms) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gàn (gan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam³
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kàm

(Teochew, Peng'im): gam¹
Wu (Wiktionary): koe (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: kan⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gann
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gàn
  - IPA ^(key): /kän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam³
  - Yale: gam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem³
  - IPA ^(key): /kɐm³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
  - Tâi-lô: kàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kam²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gam¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kam
  - IPA ^(key): /kam³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: koe (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /kø³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /kʌm^H/▼

Rime
Character	紺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古暗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʌm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kəm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kɒm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəm^H/
Li Rong	/kᴀm^H/
Wang Li	/kɒm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kăm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gàn

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*kɯːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紺
Reading #	1/1
No.	3649
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	紺
Old Chinese	/*kɯːms/

Definitions

紺

purple; violet; blackish red

Compounds

發紺／发绀 (fāgàn)
紺坊／绀坊
紺宇／绀宇

紺殿／绀殿
紺珠／绀珠

紺紫／绀紫
紺青／绀青

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 紺 (kon).

Pronunciation

Min Nan (POJ): khóng

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng
  - Tâi-lô: khóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qorng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/

Definitions

紺

(Taiwanese Hokkien) navy blue; dark blue

Synonyms

紺色／绀色

Japanese

Kanji

紺

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
Kan-on: かん (kan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
紺
こん Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) こん [kóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA^(key): [kõ̞ɴ]

Noun

紺 (hiragana こん, rōmaji kon)

navy blue, dark blue

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

紺 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

紺 (cám, tim, tím)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9