U+78CB, 磋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78CB

[U+78CA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+78CC]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 112, +10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿手一 (MRTQM), four-corner 18611, composition)

  1. polish, buff
  2. scrutinize

References

  • KangXi: page 834, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24395
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1252, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2445, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+78CB

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls
*ʔsaːls
*ʔslaːls
*sʰlaːl
*sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ
*sʰlaːl
*sʰlaːl
*sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls
*sʰlaːl, *slaːl
*zlaːl
*zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls
*zlaːl
*zlaːl, *sʰral
*zlaːl
*zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl
*zlaːl, *sʰraːl
*zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral
*slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ
*slaːlʔ
*ʔsljal
*sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral
*sʰraːl
*zraːl, *zraːlʔ
*zlals

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (14) (14)
Final () (94) (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division () I I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰa/ /t͡sʰwaH/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
cuō cuò
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cuō
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsha ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]ˁaj/
English file, polish (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 18011
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰlaːl/

Definitions

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 如切如磋
  • 磋商 (cuōshāng)

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Go-on: (sa)
  • Kan-on: (sa)
  • Kun: みがく (migaku, 磋く)

Korean

Hanja

(cha) (hangeul , revised cha, McCuneReischauer ch'a, Yale cha)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(tha)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Nôm: tha, xây

References

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
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