U+77ED, 短
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77ED

[U+77EC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+77EE]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 111, +7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人大一口廿 (OKMRT), four-corner 81418, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 824, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23978
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1237, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2584, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+77ED

Chinese

simp. and trad.
variant forms ⿰矢卜 second round simplified
𠭴 Min Nan

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*toː
*toː, *roː
*toː, *doːs
*toːs
*tʰoː
*doː
*doːs
*doːs, *dos
*doːs
*doːs
*doːs
*doːs
*doːs
*doːs
*doːs
*djoʔ
*djoʔ
*toːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *toːnʔ) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *doːs).

Etymology

The Proto-Min reconstructed form is *toiᴮ (Bodman, 1980). The relationship of this to the -n forms in other dialects is unclear and two theories exist:

  • Old Chinese *tˤorʔ divergently developed into (1) *toj in southeastern China, and (2) *ton elsewhere (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare also:
    • (OC *tˤor) vs (OC *[d]or-s)
    • (OC *[s]ˤorʔ-s)
    • (OC *k.rˤorʔ).
  • Proto-Min may represent the original Old Chinese form, and the forms in other Chinese varieties are due to confusion with (OC *toːnʔ, *toːns, *doːnʔ, “to cut”) (Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT sets up two roots for this: Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)u(ŋ/n) (short), whence Burmese တောင်း (taung:, short (as in garment)), and *dəw (short), whence Burmese တို (tui, short), Mizo tawi (short).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • dōi - colloquial (“short (of distance)”);
  • duāng - literary (“short; deficient; shortcoming”).
Note:
  • té/tér - colloquial;
  • toán - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (5)
Final () (62)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tuɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʷɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen
/tuɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/twanX/
Li
Rong
/tuɑnX/
Wang
Li
/tuɑnX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tuɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
duǎn
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
duǎn
Middle
Chinese
‹ twanX ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁorʔ/
English short

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 2480
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*toːnʔ/

Definitions

  1. short (of distance)
    Antonyms: (cháng)
  2. short (of time); brief
  3. deficient; lacking
  4. weakness; shortcoming; mistake

See also

Compounds

References


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. short, brief

Readings

Compounds

References

  • New Nelson: 3982
  • Halpern: 3277
  • Halpern Learners: 801
  • Heisig: 1442
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 3d9.27
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.
Kanji in this term
たん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (twanX, short).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana たん, rōmaji tan)

  1. fault, weak point
  2. (music) minor

Antonyms

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(dan) (hangeul )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds


Vietnamese

Han character

(đoản, đuỗn, ngắn, vắn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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