短い

Japanese
Kanji in this term
短
みじか
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Man'yōshū, dated to roughly 759 CE.

Appears to be derived as a compound, but the constituent parts remain obscure. The stem form mijika is also found in compounds, and in the now-obsolete adjective forms 短やか (mijikayaka) and 短らか (mijikaraka), indicating that the ‑ka in mijika is not the adjectivizing suffix か (‑ka) (as in 静か shizuka), and is instead part of the root term.

Pronunciation

Adjective

短い (-i inflection, hiragana みじかい, rōmaji mijikai)

  1. short, brief

Inflection
Inflection of 短い
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 短かろ みじかかろ mijikakaro
Continuative (連用形) 短く みじかく mijikaku
Terminal (終止形) 短い みじかい mijikai
Attributive (連体形) 短い みじかい mijikai
Hypothetical (仮定形) 短けれ みじかけれ mijikakere
Imperative (命令形) 短かれ みじかかれ mijikakare
Key constructions
Informal negative 短くない みじかくない mijikaku nai
Informal past 短かった みじかかった mijikakatta
Informal negative past 短くなかった みじかくなかった mijikaku nakatta
Formal 短いです みじかいです mijikai desu
Formal negative 短くないです みじかくないです mijikaku nai desu
Formal past 短かったです みじかかったです mijikakatta desu
Formal negative past 短くなかったです みじかくなかったです mijikaku nakatta desu
Conjunctive 短くて みじかくて mijikakute
Conditional 短ければ みじかければ mijikakereba
Provisional 短かったら みじかかったら mijikakattara
Volitional 短かろう みじかかろう mijikakarō
Adverbial 短く みじかく mijikaku
Degree 短さ みじかさ mijikasa

Antonyms

Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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