湯湯

Chinese

Etymology 1

		phonetic
trad. (湯湯)		湯	湯
simp. (汤汤)		汤	汤

Iterative or intensive derivation from 揚 (OC *laŋ, “to rise”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shāngshāng

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤㄕㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng¹ soeng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shāngshāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤㄕㄤ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shangshang
  - IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: soeng¹ soeng¹
  - Yale: sēung sēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng¹ soeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng¹ sêng¹
  - IPA ^(key): /sœ̽ːŋ⁵⁵ sœ̽ːŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɕɨɐŋ ɕɨɐŋ/▼

Rime
Character	湯
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	式羊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɕiaŋ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shāng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥aŋ l̥aŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljaŋ hljaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	湯
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shāng
Middle Chinese	‹ syang ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥aŋ/
English	amply-flowing
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湯
Reading #	3/3
No.	14585
Phonetic component	昜
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	商
Old Chinese	/*hljaŋ/

Adjective

湯湯

(literary, ideophonic, of water) grand; grandiose; torrential

Derived terms

峨峨湯湯／峨峨汤汤
沸沸湯湯／沸沸汤汤

浩浩湯湯／浩浩汤汤 (hàohàoshāngshāng)
湯湯蕩蕩／汤汤荡荡

Etymology 2

		to move; to shake	to move; to shake
trad. (湯湯)		湯	湯
simp. (汤汤)		汤	汤

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tàngtàng

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄤˋ ㄊㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tong³ tong³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: tàngtàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˋ ㄊㄤˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tanqtanq
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: tong³ tong³
  - Yale: tong tong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tong³ tong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: tong³ tong³
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːŋ³³ tʰɔːŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /tʰɑŋ^H tʰɑŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	湯
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他浪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/tʰɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/tʰɑŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tàng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaːŋs l̥ʰaːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湯
Reading #	2/3
No.	14560
Phonetic component	昜
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	儻
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰaːŋs/
Notes	後作燙

Adjective

湯湯

(literary) turbulent

Etymology 3

		soup; hot water	soup; hot water
trad. (湯湯)		湯	湯
simp. (汤汤)		汤	汤

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tāngtāng

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄤㄊㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tong¹ tong¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: tāngtāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄤㄊㄤ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tangtang
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: tong¹ tong¹
  - Yale: tōng tōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tong¹ tong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: tong¹ tong¹
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Noun

湯湯

(childish, affectionate) soup
飲湯湯 / 饮汤汤 [Cantonese] ― jam² tong¹ tong¹ [Jyutping] ― to drink soup
- 陳豪餵陳茵媺飲湯湯　感慨冇晒 social life [Cantonese, trad.]
  陈豪喂陈茵媺饮汤汤　感慨冇晒 social life [Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 2018 May 12, Apple Daily
  can⁴ hou⁴ wai³ can⁴ jan¹ mei⁵ jam² tong¹ tong¹; gam² koi² mou⁵ saai³ social life [Jyutping]
  Moses Chan feeds Aimee Chan soup, sighs with regret for not having a social life

Pronunciation 2

Min Nan (POJ): thong-thong / long-long / thng-thng

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-thong
  - Tâi-lô: thong-thong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tongtofng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: long-long
  - Tâi-lô: long-long
  - Phofsit Daibuun: longlofng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thng-thng
  - Tâi-lô: thng-thng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tngt'ngf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

Adjective

湯湯

(Min Nan) watery
飲湯湯 / 饮汤汤 [Min Nan] ― ám-thong-thong [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― very watery

Japanese

Kanji in this term
湯	湯
とう Grade: 3	とう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Adjective

湯湯 (-tari inflection, hiragana とうとう, rōmaji tōtō, historical hiragana たうたう)

alternative spelling of 蕩蕩: spacious, grandiose; level and peaceful; gushing, surging, rushing; gentle; disordered, unconstrained

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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