懼

See also: 惧

懼	U+61FC, 懼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61FC

← 懻
[U+61FB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

懽 →
[U+61FD]

Translingual

Han character

懼 (radical 61, 心+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 心月山土 (PBUG), four-corner 9601₄, composition ⿰忄瞿)

References

KangXi: page 408, character 43

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11488

Dae Jaweon: page 750, character 18

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2371, character 7

Unihan data for U+61FC

Chinese

trad.		懼
simp.		惧
variant forms		⿰忄⿵冂大 (second-round simplified)

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (瞿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
瞿	kʷas, ɡʷa
衢	*ɡʷa
氍	*ɡʷa
癯	*ɡʷa
蠷	*ɡʷa
臞	ɡʷa, ɡʷas
欋	*ɡʷa
鸜	*ɡʷa
灈	*ɡʷa
躣	*ɡʷa
忂	*ɡʷa
戵	*ɡʷa
鑺	*ɡʷa
懼	*ɡʷas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷas) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 瞿 (OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jù (ju⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi⁶, geoi²
Min Dong (BUC): gê̤ṳ
Min Nan (POJ): kū / kī / khū
Wu (Wiktionary): jy (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chü⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiw
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: geoi⁶, geoi²
  - Yale: geuih, géui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goey⁶, goey²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêu⁶, gêu²
  - IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯²²/, /kɵy̯³⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gê̤ṳ
  - IPA ^(key): /køy²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kū
  - Tâi-lô: kū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ku
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ku²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ku³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī
  - Tâi-lô: kī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khū
  - Tâi-lô: khū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qu
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: jy (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɡɨo^H/▼

Rime
Character	懼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其遇切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡio^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡio^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ɡio^H/
Wang Li	/ɡĭu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jù

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷ(r)a(k)-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	懼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jù
Middle Chinese	‹ gju^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷ(r)a(k)-s/
English	fear (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懼
Reading #	1/1
No.	7151
Phonetic component	瞿
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	懼
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷas/

Definitions

懼

to fear; to be afraid
to scare; to frighten

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
Mandarin	Beijing	害怕
	Taiwan	害怕, 怕
	Harbin	害怕, 發毛
	Jinan	害怕, 怕, 打怵
	Muping	害怕, 怵
	Luoyang	害怕, 怕
	Wanrong	驚
	Xi'an	害怕, 怕, 怯火
	Xuzhou	嫌怕, 打怵
	Yinchuan	害怕, 嚇
	Lanzhou	害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
	Ürümqi	害怕
	Wuhan	嚇不過, 怕
	Chengdu	害怕, 虛火, 虛
	Guiyang	害怕, 怕
	Liuzhou	慌
	Yangzhou	害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
	Nanjing	嚇怕, 怕
	Hefei	怕
Cantonese	Guangzhou	驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
	Hong Kong	驚, 怕, 慌
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	狂
	Foshan	驚, 窒
	Shunde	慌
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	驚
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	驚
	Taishan	𢗉
	Kaiping (Chikan)	𢗉
	Dongguan	狂
	Shaoguan	驚, 窒
	Yunfu	怕, 驚
	Yangjiang	𢗉
	Xinyi	狂
	Lianjiang	驚
	Kuala Lumpur	驚
Gan	Nanchang	怕
Gan	Lichuan	怕
Hakka	Meixian	驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
	Changting	怕
	Wuping	怕
	Ninghua	怕
	Yudu	怕
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	驚
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	驚
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	驚
	Dongshi (Dabu)	驚
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	驚
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	驚
	Hong Kong	狂
	Sabah	狂
	Senai	狂
	Singkawang	驚
Huizhou	Jixi	怕, 嚇
Jin	Taiyuan	害怕, 怕
Jin	Xinzhou	著怕, 怕
Min Bei	Jian'ou	驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
	Dikou	驚
	Songxi	驚
	Zhenghe	驚
	Zhenqian	驚
	Jianyang	驚
	Wuyishan	嚇
	Shibei	嚇
Min Dong	Fuzhou	驚
	Changle	驚
	Fuqing	驚
	Yongtai	驚
	Gutian	驚
	Fu'an	驚
	Ningde	驚
	Shouning	驚
	Zhouning	驚
	Fuding	驚
Min Nan	Xiamen	驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎
	Quanzhou	驚, 懾, 懾屎
	Zhangzhou	驚, 驚惶, 懾
	Taipei	驚
	Kaohsiung	驚
	Tainan	驚
	Taichung	驚
	Wuqi	驚惶
	Hsinchu	驚
	Taitung	驚
	Lukang	驚
	Yilan	驚
	Magong	驚
	Penang	驚
	Chaozhou	驚
	Johor Bahru	驚
	Haikou	驚
	Leizhou	驚
Puxian Min	Putian	驚
Pinghua	Nanning	狂, 怕
Wu	Shanghai	怕, 嚇
	Suzhou	怕, 嚇
	Hangzhou	怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
	Wenzhou	怕, 嚇
	Chongming	嚇
	Danyang	怕
	Jinhua	光
	Ningbo	怕, 嚇
Xiang	Changsha	怕, 畏怯
	Shuangfeng	怕
	Loudi	怕

Compounds

兇懼／凶惧
勇者不懼／勇者不惧
季常之懼／季常之惧
怕懼／怕惧
怖懼／怖惧
恇懼／恇惧
恐惶悚懼／恐惶悚惧
恐懼／恐惧 (kǒngjù)
恐懼不安／恐惧不安
恐懼症／恐惧症 (kǒngjùzhèng)
悚懼／悚惧
愁懼兼心／愁惧兼心
慄慄危懼／栗栗危惧

憂懼／忧惧
懼內／惧内 (jùnèi)
懼刀避劍／惧刀避剑
懼怕／惧怕 (jùpà)
懼怯／惧怯
懼然／惧然
懼罪／惧罪
懼色／惧色
懼高症／惧高症
戒懼／戒惧
敬懼／敬惧
毫無所懼／毫无所惧
無所畏懼／无所畏惧 (wúsuǒwèijù)

猜懼／猜惧
畏懼／畏惧 (wèijù)
疑懼／疑惧 (yíjù)
聳懼／耸惧
臨事以懼／临事以惧
臨事而懼／临事而惧
臨危不懼／临危不惧
臨難不懼／临难不惧
荷懼／荷惧
誠惶誠懼／诚惶诚惧
震懼／震惧
驚懼／惊惧 (jīngjù)

Japanese

Kanji

懼

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 惧)

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: く (ku)
Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 懼れる)

Korean

Hanja

懼 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

fear, be afraid of, dread

Vietnamese

Han character

懼 (cụ)

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