窒

窒	U+7A92, 窒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A92

← 窑
[U+7A91]

CJK Unified Ideographs

窓 →
[U+7A93]

Translingual

Han character

窒 (radical 116, 穴+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十金一戈土 (JCMIG), four-corner 3010₄, composition ⿱穴至)

References

KangXi: page 865, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25493

Dae Jaweon: page 1293, character 16

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2728, character 14

Unihan data for U+7A92

Chinese

simp. and trad.		窒
variant forms		疾 Cantonese "to stutter"

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (至) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
致	*tiɡs
輊	*tiɡs
駤	*tiɡs
跮	tʰiɡs, tʰiɡ
荎	di, diːɡ
緻	*diɡs
至	*tjiɡs
鵄	*tʰji
胵	*tʰji
痓	*tʰjiɡs
咥	hriɡs, tiːɡ, diːɡ, tʰiɡ
窒	tiːɡ, tiɡ
蛭	tiːɡ, tiɡ, *tjiɡ
垤	*diːɡ
耋	*diːɡ
姪	diːɡ, diɡ
絰	*diːɡ
恎	*diːɡ
挃	*tiɡ
庢	*tiɡ
銍	tiɡ, tjiɡ
秷	*tiɡ
螲	*tiɡ
侄	diɡ, tjiɡ
桎	*tjiɡ
郅	*tjiɡ
晊	*tjiɡ
室	*hliɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zat⁶
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tit / chit / that

(Teochew, Peng'im): diag⁴ / diêg⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zat⁶
  - Yale: jaht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zed⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐt̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tit
  - Tâi-lô: tit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: did
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tit̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕit̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕit̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: that
  - Tâi-lô: that
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tad
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰat̚³²/

Note:

tit/chit - literary;
that - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: diag⁴ / diêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiak / tiek
  - IPA ^(key): /tiak̚²/, /tiek̚²/

Note:

diag4 - Shantou;
diêg4 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: /ʈˠiɪt̚/, /tet̚/▼

Rime
Character	窒	窒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	質 (49)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III	IV
Fanqie	陟栗切	丁結切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪt̚/	/tet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚit̚/	/tet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiet̚/	/tɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjit̚/	/tɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ȶjĕt̚/	/tet̚/
Wang Li	/ȶĭĕt̚/	/tiet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ĕt̚/	/tiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi	die

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ri[t]/

(Zhengzhang): /*tiːɡ/, /*tiɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	窒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ trit ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ri[t]/
English	stop up (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窒	窒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	17347	17358
Phonetic component	至	至
Rime group	質	質
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	窒	窒
Old Chinese	/*tiːɡ/	/*tiɡ/

Definitions

窒

to stop up, to obstruct
(Cantonese) to stutter; to stammer
口窒窒 [Cantonese] ― hau² zat⁶ zat⁶ [Jyutping] ― stuttering; stammering
(Cantonese, figuratively) to stutter; to make halting movements
畫面窒吓窒吓 [Cantonese, trad.]
画面窒吓窒吓 [Cantonese, simp.]
waa² min⁶ zat⁶ haa⁵ zat⁶ haa⁵ [Jyutping]
(please add an English translation of this example)

Compounds

堙窒
懲忿窒欲／惩忿窒欲
穹窒
窒塞

窒息 (zhìxī)
窒扶斯 (zhìfúsī)
窒欲
窒礙／窒碍

窒礙難行／窒碍难行
窒素 (zhìsù)
腸窒扶斯／肠窒扶斯

Japanese

Kanji

窒

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: ちち (chichi); てち (techi)
Kan-on: ちつ (chitsu, Jōyō); てつ (tetsu)
Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu); ふさがる (fusagaru, 窒がる)

Korean

Hanja

窒 • (jil, jeol) (hangeul 질, 절, revised jil, jeol, McCune–Reischauer chil, chŏl, Yale cil, cel)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

窒 (trất, khỏng, rấp, rất)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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