向

See also: 何, 同, 回, and 嚮
向 U+5411, 向
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5411
← 吐
[U+5410] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吒 →
[U+5412]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

向 (radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月口 (HBR), four-corner 27220, composition ⿱丿冋)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 176, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3301
  • Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 579, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5411

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 向
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (向) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
晌 *hljaŋʔ
餉 *hljaŋs
向 *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs
珦 *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 宀 (“house”) + 口 (“window”).

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 向

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • hiòng/hiàng - literary;
  • hiàⁿ/ǹg/àⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 向
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 許亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /xiaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /xĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiàng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 向
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xjangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥aŋ-s/
English window facing North; turn towards

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 向
Reading # 2/2
No. 13660
Phonetic
component		 向
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 向
Old
Chinese		 /*hlaŋs/
Definitions

向

  1. to face
  2. to side with; to favour; to discriminate in favour of
  3. to admire; to revere
  4. to approach; to advance towards
  5. direction
  6. (figuratively) direction; tendency; trend
  7. towards; to
  8. formerly; previously
  9. always; throughout
  10. (Taivoan religious concept) sorcery, taboo, and magic
Synonyms
Compounds
Derived terms from 向

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 向
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shàng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 向
Reading # 1/2
No. 13658
Phonetic
component		 向
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 餉
Old
Chinese		 /*hljaŋs/
Definitions

向

  1. an ancient state in modern Shandong
  2. name of two places in modern Henan
  3. A surname​.

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 向 – see 嚮 (“toward; facing; against; etc.”).
(This character, 向, is the simplified form of 嚮.)
Notes:

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 向 – see 曏 (“in the near past; in the past; facing; against; etc.”).
(This character, 向, is the simplified form of 曏.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji
向

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. yonder
  2. facing

Readings

Proper noun

向 (hiragana むかい, rōmaji Mukai, historical hiragana むかひ)

  1. A surname​.

Korean

Hanja

向 • (hyang, sang) (hangeul 향, 상, revised hyang, sang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, sang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

向 (hướng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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