U+5141, 允
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5141

[U+5140]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5142]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 10, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹山 (IHU), four-corner 23210, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 123, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1338
  • Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 265, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5141

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*sloːl
*sloːl
*sloːlʔ, *sroːlʔ, *slul
*sroːls
*ʔslon
*ʔsluːls, *ʔsluːns, *sʰlun
*slul
*sloːn
*sloːn
*sloːn
*ʔslon
*ʔsluːl
*sʰlon
*zlonʔ, *ɦljunʔ
*ɡronʔ, *lonʔ
*lonʔ
*lonʔ
*lonʔ, *lunʔ
*lonʔ
*lonʔ
*lonʔ
*ʔsluːns, *ʔsluns, *sʰlud
*lunʔ
*lunʔ
*lunʔ
*ʔsluns
*ʔsluns, *sluns
*ʔsluns
*ʔsluns
駿 *ʔsluns
*sʰlun
*sʰlun
*sʰlun
*sʰlun
*sʰlun
*sluns
*sluns
*sluns
*sluns
*sluns

Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) .

Small seal script (corrupted form): Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *lunʔ) : phonetic  (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic .

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs *winʔ ~ *junʔ, and suggests a possible relationship to Burmese ယုံ (yum, to believe); if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *yum (to believe). Other cognates are Asho Chin yón-é, Mara Chin , Lahu ʑo³¹.

(OC *hljins) (minimally reconstructed *sin(s)) is a possible derivative.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /yn²¹⁴/
/ʐuən²¹⁴/
Harbin /yn²¹³/
Tianjin /yŋ¹³/
Jinan /yẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /yə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /yn⁵³/
Xi'an /yẽ⁵³/
Xining /yə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /yŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ỹn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐuŋ⁵¹/
/vɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /yn⁴²/
Chengdu /yn⁵³/
/yoŋ⁵³/
Guiyang /in⁴²/
Kunming /ĩ/
Nanjing /yn²¹²/
Hefei /yn²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /yŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ỹŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦyŋ²³/
/ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /yən⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ʔin⁵³/
Wenzhou /j̠oŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /yan²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yn⁴¹/
Xiangtan /yn⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /yn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐn³⁵/
Nanning /wɐn³⁵/
Hong Kong /wɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /un⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /œyŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /zuŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zun²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (36)
Final () (47)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jiuɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/jʷinX/
Shao
Rongfen
/juenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jwinX/
Li
Rong
/iuĕnX/
Wang
Li
/jĭuĕnX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯uĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǔn
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǔn
Middle
Chinese
‹ ywinX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[l]u[r]ʔ/
English truly

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16452
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*lunʔ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. proper
  2. to consent
  3. A surname.

Compounds

  • 不允 (bùyǔn)
  • 中允
  • 依允
  • 俞允
  • 俯允
  • 允准 (yǔnzhǔn)
  • 允執其中允执其中
  • 允執厥中允执厥中
  • 允婚
  • 允從允从
  • 慨然應允慨然应允
  • 應允应允 (yīngyǔn)
  • 明允
  • 滿口應允满口应允
  • 祝允明
  • 答允 (dāyǔn)
  • 葷允荤允
  • 虞允文
  • 面允

References


Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Proper noun

(hiragana まこと, rōmaji Makoto)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

(yun) (hangeul , revised yun, McCuneReischauer yun)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(doãn, duẫn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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