一人

Chinese
 
one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.)
 man; person; people
simp. and trad.
(一人)		 一 人

Pronunciation

Noun

一人

  1. a person; one person; someone

Adverb

一人

  1. by one person; alone

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (一人):

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
一 人
ひと
Grade: 1		 り
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Derived from 一 (hito, “1, one”) +‎ 人 (-ri, counter for persons). Compare the development of hidari (see below).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

一人 (hiragana ひとり, rōmaji hitori)

  1. one person
    一人 (ひとり)で暮 (く)らす
    hitori de kurasu
    to live by oneself (without companions)
    一人 (ひとり)カラオケ／ヒトカラ
    hitori karaoke/hitokara
    one-man karaoke session
    一人 (ひとり)の時 (じ)間 (かん)が好 (す)きな人 (ひと)
    hitori no jikan ga suki na hito
    person who likes their alone time
  2. singleness, singularity
    Synonym: 単独 (tandoku)
  3. one's own efforts or strengths
    Synonyms: 自力 (jiriki), 独力 (dokuryoku)
  4. a single, singlehood
    Synonym: 独身 (dokushin)
Usage notes
  • Like 二人 (futari), despite its etymology, furigana notations for this word tend not to use mono-ruby by attaching kana to each kanji (一 (ひと)人 (り)), but group-ruby by attaching all the kana to all the kanji as a whole (一人 (ひとり)).
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 一人 (ひとり)一人 (ひとり) (hitori-hitori), 一人 (ひとり)一人 (びとり) (hitori-bitori)
  • 一人 (ひとり)として (hitori to shite)
  • 一人 (ひとり)ならず (hitori narazu)
  • 一人 (ひとり)も (hitori mo)
  • 一人 (ひとり)頭 (あたま) (hitoriatama)
  • 一人 (ひとり)歩 (ある)き (hitoriaruki)
  • 一人 (ひとり)親 (おや) (hitori oya)
  • 一人 (ひとり)親方 (おやかた) (hitori oyakata)
  • 一人 (ひとり)勝 (が)ち (hitorigachi)
  • ひとカラ, ヒトカラ (hitokara)
  • 一人 (ひとり)狂 (きょう)言 (げん) (hitori-kyōgen)
  • 一人 (ひとり)口 (ぐち) (hitoriguchi)
  • 一人 (ひとり)暮 (ぐら)し, 一人 (ひとり)暮 (ぐ)らし (hitori-gurashi)
  • 一人 (ひとり)っ子 (こ) (hitorikko)
  • 一人 (ひとり)言 (ごと) (hitorigoto)
  • 一人 (ひとり)御 (ご)飯 (はん) (hitori gohan)
  • 一人 (ひとり)時 (じ)間 (かん)差 (さ)攻撃 (こうげき) (hitori jikan-sa kōgeki), 一人 (ひとり)時 (じ)間 (かん)差 (さ) (hitori jikan-sa)
  • 一人 (ヒトリ)静 (シズカ) (hitorishizuka)
  • 一人 (ひとり)芝 (しば)居 (い) (hitori-shibai)
  • 一人 (ひとり)占 (じ)め (hitorijime)
  • 一人 (ひとり)過 (す)ぎ (hitorisugi)
  • 一人 (ひとり)相 (ず)撲 (もう) (hitorizumō)
  • 一人 (ひとり)旅 (たび) (hitoritabi)
  • 一人 (ひとり)天 (てん)下 (か) (hitori tenka), 一人 (ひとり)天 (でん)下 (か) (hitori-denka)
  • 一人 (ひとり)食 (ば)み (hitoribami)
  • 一人 (ひとり)負 (ま)け (hitorimake)
  • 一人 (ひとり)腹 (ばら) (hitoribara)
  • 一人 (ひとり)前 (まえ) (hitorimae)
  • 一人 (ひとり)武 (む)者 (しゃ) (hitorimusha)
  • 一人 (ひとり)息子 (むすこ) (hitori musuko)
  • 一人 (ひとり)娘 (むすめ) (hitori musume)
  • 一人 (ひとり)八 (や)百 (お)長 (ちょう) (hitori yaochō)
  • 御 (お)一人 (ひとり)様 (さま) (o-hitori-sama)
  • 最初 (さいしょ)の一人 (ひとり) (Saisho no Hitori)
  • 誰 (だれ)一人 (ひとり) (dare hitori), 誰 (たれ)一人 (ひとり) (tare hitori)
  • 人 (ひと)っ子 (こ)一人 (ひとり) (hitokko hitori)
Idioms
  • 小 (こ)姑 (じゅうと)一人 (ひとり)は鬼 (おに)千匹 (せんびき)にむかう (kojūto hitori wa oni senbiki ni mukau)
  • 鯛 (たい)も一人 (ひとり)はうまからず (tai mo hitori wa umakarazu)
  • 斗 (と)南 (なん)の一人 (ひとり) (tonan no hitori)
Proverbs
  • 娘 (むすめ)一人 (ひとり)に婿 (む)八人 (こはちにん) (musume hitori ni muko hachinin)
See also
See also

Adverb

一人 (hiragana ひとり, rōmaji hitori)

  1. solely
    Synonym: 単独で (tandoku de)
  2. only, simply
    Synonyms: ただ (tada), ただ単に (tada tan ni), 単に (tan ni)
  3. alone, automatically, by itself, naturally
    Synonyms: 自然に (jinen ni), 独りでに (hitoride ni)

Proper noun

一人 (hiragana ひとり, rōmaji Hitori)

  1. a female given name

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
一 人
ひ
Grade: 1		 たり > だり
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

  • Derived from 一 (hi, “1, one”, shorter form) +‎ 人 (-tari, counter for persons). The tari changes to dari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
  • Alternatively, a shift from compound of 一 (hito, “1, one”) +‎ 人 (-tari):
    ⟨pi1to2 tari⟩ → */pʲit̚tari/ → ⟨pi1dari⟩ → */pʲidari/ → /fidari/ → /hidari/

Noun

一人 (hiragana ひだり, rōmaji hidari)

  1. (obsolete) one person
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 11)
      愛 (え)瀰 (み)詩 (し)烏 (を)毗 (ひ)儾 (た)利 (り)毛 (も)毛 (も)那 (な)比 (ひ)苔 (と)比 (ひ)苔 (と)破 (は)易 (い)陪 (へ)廼 (ど)毛 (も)多 (た)牟 (む)伽 (か)毗 (ひ)毛 (も)勢 (せ)儒 (ず) [Man'yōgana]
      蝦夷 (えみし)をひだり百 (もも)な人 (ひと)人 (ひと)は言 (い)へども手 (た)向 (む)かひもせず [Modern spelling]
      Emishi o hidari momo na hito hito wa iedo mo tamukai mo sezu
      A barbarian, just one, is worth a hundred men, so the saying goes, and yet they didn't even stand and fight.[3]

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
一 人
いち
Grade: 1		 にん
Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 一人 (MC ʔiɪt̚ ȵiɪn).

Alternative forms
  • (one person, top person): １人

Pronunciation

Noun

一人 (hiragana いちにん, rōmaji ichinin)

  1. one person
  2. the first or top person in a particular place or field
  3. Synonym of 右大臣 (udaijin): a Minister of the Right
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 一人 (いちにん)一殺 (いっさつ) (ichinin'issatsu)
  • 一人 (いちにん)会社 (かいしゃ) (ichinin kaisha)
  • 一人 (いちにん)区 (く) (ichinin-ku)
  • 一人称 (いちにんしょう) (ichininshō)
  • 一人 (いちにん)当 (とう)千 (せん) (ichinin tōsen)
  • 一人前 (いちにんまえ) (ichinin-mae)
  • 上 (かみ)一人 (いちにん) (kami ichinin)
  • 上 (かみ)御 (ご)一人 (いちにん) (kami go-ichinin)
  • 第一人者 (だいいちにんしゃ) (daiichininsha)
Idioms
  • 一人 (いちにん)虚 (きょ)を伝 (つた)うれば万 (ばん)人 (にん)実 (じつ)を伝 (つた)う (ichinin kyo o tsutaureba bannin jitsu o tsutau)
  • 責 (せ)め一人 (いちにん)に帰 (き)す (seme ichinin ni kisu)
  • 斗 (と)南 (なん)の一人 (いちにん) (tonan no ichinin)
Proverbs
Proverbs
  • 剣 (けん)は一人 (いちにん)の敵 (てき)学 (まな)ぶに足 (た)らず (ken wa ichinin no teki manabu ni tarazu)
  • 天 (てん)下 (か)は一人 (いちにん)の天 (てん)下 (か)にあらず乃 (すなわ)ち天 (てん)下 (か)の天 (てん)下 (か)なり (tenka wa ichinin no tenka ni arazu sunawachi tenka no tenka nari)
  • 万 (ばん)人 (じん)心 (こころ)を異 (こと)にすれば則 (すなわ)ち一人 (いちにん)の用 (よう)無 (な)し (banjin kokoro o koto ni sureba sunawachi ichinin no yōnashi)
  • 両 (りょう)心 (しん)は以 (もっ)て一人 (いちにん)を得 (う)べからず一 (いっ)心 (しん)は以 (もっ)て百人 (ひゃくにん)を得 (う)べし (ryōshin wa motte ichinin o ubekarazu isshin wa motte hyakunin o ubeshi)
See also
See also

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
一 人
いち
Grade: 1		 じん
Grade: 1
goon kan’on

Compound of Middle Chinese elements 一 (ichi, “1, one”, goon reading) +‎ 人 (jin, “person”, kan'on reading).

Pronunciation

Noun

一人 (hiragana いちじん, rōmaji ichijin)

  1. a ruler with a heavenly mandate; an Emperor of Japan
    Synonyms: 上一人 (kami ichinin), 上御一人 (kami go-ichinin), 天子 (tenshi), 天皇 (tennō)
Derived terms
  • 上 (かみ)一人 (いちじん) (kami ichijin)

Etymology 5

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

一人 (hiragana かずと, rōmaji Kazuto, alternative reading かずひと, rōmaji Kazuhito, alternative reading かずんど, rōmaji Kazundo, alternative reading くにひと, rōmaji Kunihito)

  1. a male given name

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup (Volume 1 of A Waka Anthology), illustrated, reprint edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 72
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