tapa
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɑːpə/
Noun
tapa (countable and uncountable, plural tapas)
- A kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark of the paper mulberry.
Synonyms
Etymology 3
'Are'are
References
- Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)
Catalan
Etymology 1
Etymology 2
Verb
tapa
Further reading
- “tapa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Estonian
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtɛapa]
Verb
tapa (third person singular past indicative tapti, third person plural past indicative tapt, supine tapt)
Conjugation
v-2 | ||||
infinitive | tapa | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | tapandi | |||
past participle a39 | taptur | |||
supine | tapt | |||
number | singular | plural | ||
person | first | second | third | all |
indicative | eg | tú | hann/hon/tað | vit, tit, teir/tær/tey, tygum |
present | tapi | tapir | tapir | tapa |
past | tapti | tapti | tapti | taptu |
imperative | – | tú | – | tit |
present | — | tap! | — | tapið! |
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *tapa, from Baltic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɑpɑ/, [ˈt̪ɑpɑ]
- Hyphenation: ta‧pa
- Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
Usage notes
- Meillä oli sunnuntaisin tapana mennä rannalle.
- We used to go to the beach on Sundays.
- We would go to the beach on Sundays.
- Meillä oli sunnuntaisin tapana mennä rannalle.
Declension
Inflection of tapa (Kotus type 9/kala, p-v gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | tapa | tavat | |
genitive | tavan | tapojen | |
partitive | tapaa | tapoja | |
illative | tapaan | tapoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tapa | tavat | |
accusative | nom. | tapa | tavat |
gen. | tavan | ||
genitive | tavan | tapojen tapainrare | |
partitive | tapaa | tapoja | |
inessive | tavassa | tavoissa | |
elative | tavasta | tavoista | |
illative | tapaan | tapoihin | |
adessive | tavalla | tavoilla | |
ablative | tavalta | tavoilta | |
allative | tavalle | tavoille | |
essive | tapana | tapoina | |
translative | tavaksi | tavoiksi | |
instructive | — | tavoin | |
abessive | tavatta | tavoitta | |
comitative | — | tapoineen |
Derived terms
- adjectives: tavallinen, tavaton, tavanomainen, epätavallinen, tapainen
- verbs: tavoittaa, tavoitella
- (way) jolla(k)in tavalla = by some means, somehow
Compounds
- ajattelutapa
- ajatustapa
- ehtotapa
- elämäntapa
- esiintymistapa
- esitystapa
- hallitustapa
- hovitavat
- häätapa
- ihmistavat
- ilmaisutapa
- juomatapa
- kansantapa
- katsantotapa
- katsomustapa
- kauppatapa
- kirjoitustapa
- kuvaamistapa
- kuvaustapa
- käsittelytapa
- käsitystapa
- käskytapa
- käyttäytymistapa
- käyttötapa
- käytöstapa
- laatutapa
- laskutapa
- laulutapa
- lehtitapa
- liiketapa
- lisääntymistapa
- lukutapa
- lähestymistapa
- mahtotapa
- menettelytapa
- merimiestapa
- merkintätapa
- muodostumistapa
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɑpɑˣ/, [ˈt̪ɑpɑ(ʔ)]
- Hyphenation: ta‧pa
- Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
French
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtʰaːpa/
- Rhymes: -aːpa
Verb
tapa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative tapaði, supine tapað)
- (transitive, governs the dative) to lose
Conjugation
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að tapa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
tapað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
tapandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég tapa | við töpum | present (nútíð) |
ég tapi | við töpum |
þú tapar | þið tapið | þú tapir | þið tapið | ||
hann, hún, það tapar | þeir, þær, þau tapa | hann, hún, það tapi | þeir, þær, þau tapi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég tapaði | við töpuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég tapaði | við töpuðum |
þú tapaðir | þið töpuðuð | þú tapaðir | þið töpuðuð | ||
hann, hún, það tapaði | þeir, þær, þau töpuðu | hann, hún, það tapaði | þeir, þær, þau töpuðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
tapa (þú) | tapið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
tapaðu | tapiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að tapast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
tapast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
tapandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég tapast | við töpumst | present (nútíð) |
ég tapist | við töpumst |
þú tapast | þið tapist | þú tapist | þið tapist | ||
hann, hún, það tapast | þeir, þær, þau tapast | hann, hún, það tapist | þeir, þær, þau tapist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég tapaðist | við töpuðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég tapaðist | við töpuðumst |
þú tapaðist | þið töpuðust | þú tapaðist | þið töpuðust | ||
hann, hún, það tapaðist | þeir, þær, þau töpuðust | hann, hún, það tapaðist | þeir, þær, þau töpuðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
tapast (þú) | tapist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
tapastu | tapisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
tapaður | töpuð | tapað | tapaðir | tapaðar | töpuð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
tapaðan | tapaða | tapað | tapaða | tapaðar | töpuð | |
dative (þágufall) |
töpuðum | tapaðri | töpuðu | töpuðum | töpuðum | töpuðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
tapaðs | tapaðrar | tapaðs | tapaðra | tapaðra | tapaðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
tapaði | tapaða | tapaða | töpuðu | töpuðu | töpuðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
tapaða | töpuðu | tapaða | töpuðu | töpuðu | töpuðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
tapaða | töpuðu | tapaða | töpuðu | töpuðu | töpuðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
tapaða | töpuðu | tapaða | töpuðu | töpuðu | töpuðu |
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ta.pa/
- Hyphenation: ta‧pa
Derived terms
- bertapa
- mempertapakan
- pertapa
- pertapaan
- petapa
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ta.pa/
- Hyphenation: ta‧pa
Alternative forms
- tapah
Etymology 3
From Minangkabau, from Sanskrit तप (tapa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ta.pa/
- Hyphenation: ta‧pa
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ta.pa/
- Hyphenation: ta‧pa
Further reading
- “tapa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian
Irish
Etymology
Alternative forms
- tapadh (nonstandard, archaic)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt̪ˠapˠə/
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | tapa | thapa | tapa; thapa² | |
Vocative | thapa | tapa | ||
Genitive | tapa | tapa | tapa | |
Dative | tapa; thapa¹ |
thapa | tapa; thapa² | |
Comparative | níos tapa | |||
Superlative | is tapa |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Related terms
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
tapa | thapa | dtapa |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Latvian
Declension
singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | tapa | tapas |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | tapu | tapas |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | tapas | tapu |
dative (datīvs) | tapai | tapām |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | tapu | tapām |
locative (lokatīvs) | tapā | tapās |
vocative (vokatīvs) | tapa | tapas |
Muzo
Etymology
From or cognate to a Cariban word like Galibi Carib topu (“stone”).
References
- Willem F. H. Adelaar, The Languages of the Andes (2004)
- Napoleón Peralta Barrera, El país de los muzos (1998)
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²tɑːpɑ/
Verb
tapa (present tense tapar/taper, past tense tapa/tapte, past participle tapa/tapt, passive infinitive tapast, present participle tapande, imperative tapa/tap)
- to lose (to come last, lose a match, lose money)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²tæɪːpɑ/
Verb
tapa (present tense tapar, past tense tapa, past participle tapa, passive infinitive tapast, present participle tapande, imperative tap/tapa)
- Alternative form of teipa
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɑːpɑ/
Old Norse
Conjugation
infinitive | tapa | |
---|---|---|
present participle | tapandi | |
past participle | tapaðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | tapa | tapaða |
2nd-person singular | tapar | tapaðir |
3rd-person singular | tapar | tapaði |
1st-person plural | tǫpum | tǫpuðum |
2nd-person plural | tapið | tǫpuðuð |
3rd-person plural | tapa | tǫpuðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | tapa | tapaða |
2nd-person singular | tapir | tapaðir |
3rd-person singular | tapi | tapaði |
1st-person plural | tapim | tapaðim |
2nd-person plural | tapið | tapaðið |
3rd-person plural | tapi | tapaði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | tapa | |
1st-person plural | tǫpum | |
2nd-person plural | tapið |
infinitive | tapask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | tapandisk | |
past participle | tapazk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | tǫpumk | tǫpuðumk |
2nd-person singular | tapask | tapaðisk |
3rd-person singular | tapask | tapaðisk |
1st-person plural | tǫpumsk | tǫpuðumsk |
2nd-person plural | tapizk | tǫpuðuzk |
3rd-person plural | tapask | tǫpuðusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | tǫpumk | tǫpuðumk |
2nd-person singular | tapisk | tapaðisk |
3rd-person singular | tapisk | tapaðisk |
1st-person plural | tapimsk | tapaðimsk |
2nd-person plural | tapizk | tapaðizk |
3rd-person plural | tapisk | tapaðisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | tapask | |
1st-person plural | tǫpumsk | |
2nd-person plural | tapizk |
References
- tapa in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Portuguese
Etymology
From Gothic *tappa (*tappa), from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”). Cognate with Italian tappare.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -apa
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtapa/, [ˈt̪apa]
Etymology 1
From Gothic *tappa (*tappa), from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”). Cognate with Italian tappare and English tap.
Noun
tapa f (plural tapas)
Usage notes
- Tapa is a false friend, and does not mean tap. Spanish equivalents are shown in the "Translations" section of the English entry tap.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
tapa
Further reading
- “tapa” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Swahili
Tongan
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *tapa.
Zulu
Inflection
Tone HH | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukutapa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukutapa | ukungatapi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | tapa | -tape | |||||||
Plural | tapani | -tapeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyatapa, ngitapa | engitapayo, engitapa | ngitapa | angitapi | engingatapi | ngingatapi | |||
2nd singular | uyatapa, utapa | otapayo, otapa | utapa | awutapi | ongatapi | ungatapi | |||
1st plural | siyatapa, sitapa | esitapayo, esitapa | sitapa | asitapi | esingatapi | singatapi | |||
2nd plural | niyatapa, nitapa | enitapayo, enitapa | nitapa | anitapi | eningatapi | ningatapi | |||
Class 1 | uyatapa, utapa | otapayo, otapa | etapa | akatapi | ongatapi | engatapi | |||
Class 2 | bayatapa, batapa | abatapayo, abatapa | betapa | abatapi | abangatapi | bengatapi | |||
Class 3 | uyatapa, utapa | otapayo, otapa | utapa | awutapi | ongatapi | ungatapi | |||
Class 4 | iyatapa, itapa | etapayo, etapa | itapa | ayitapi | engatapi | ingatapi | |||
Class 5 | liyatapa, litapa | elitapayo, elitapa | litapa | alitapi | elingatapi | lingatapi | |||
Class 6 | ayatapa, atapa | atapayo, atapa | etapa | awatapi | angatapi | engatapi | |||
Class 7 | siyatapa, sitapa | esitapayo, esitapa | sitapa | asitapi | esingatapi | singatapi | |||
Class 8 | ziyatapa, zitapa | ezitapayo, ezitapa | zitapa | azitapi | ezingatapi | zingatapi | |||
Class 9 | iyatapa, itapa | etapayo, etapa | itapa | ayitapi | engatapi | ingatapi | |||
Class 10 | ziyatapa, zitapa | ezitapayo, ezitapa | zitapa | azitapi | ezingatapi | zingatapi | |||
Class 11 | luyatapa, lutapa | olutapayo, olutapa | lutapa | alutapi | olungatapi | lungatapi | |||
Class 14 | buyatapa, butapa | obutapayo, obutapa | butapa | abutapi | obungatapi | bungatapi | |||
Class 15 | kuyatapa, kutapa | okutapayo, okutapa | kutapa | akutapi | okungatapi | kungatapi | |||
Class 17 | kuyatapa, kutapa | okutapayo, okutapa | kutapa | akutapi | okungatapi | kungatapi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngitapile, ngitapē | engitapile, engitapē | ngitapile, ngitapē | angitapanga | engingatapanga | ngingatapanga | |||
2nd singular | utapile, utapē | otapile, otapē | utapile, utapē | awutapanga | ongatapanga | ungatapanga | |||
1st plural | sitapile, sitapē | esitapile, esitapē | sitapile, sitapē | asitapanga | esingatapanga | singatapanga | |||
2nd plural | nitapile, nitapē | enitapile, enitapē | nitapile, nitapē | anitapanga | eningatapanga | ningatapanga | |||
Class 1 | utapile, utapē | otapile, otapē | etapile, etapē | akatapanga | ongatapanga | engatapanga | |||
Class 2 | batapile, batapē | abatapile, abatapē | betapile, betapē | abatapanga | abangatapanga | bengatapanga | |||
Class 3 | utapile, utapē | otapile, otapē | utapile, utapē | awutapanga | ongatapanga | ungatapanga | |||
Class 4 | itapile, itapē | etapile, etapē | itapile, itapē | ayitapanga | engatapanga | ingatapanga | |||
Class 5 | litapile, litapē | elitapile, elitapē | litapile, litapē | alitapanga | elingatapanga | lingatapanga | |||
Class 6 | atapile, atapē | atapile, atapē | etapile, etapē | awatapanga | angatapanga | engatapanga | |||
Class 7 | sitapile, sitapē | esitapile, esitapē | sitapile, sitapē | asitapanga | esingatapanga | singatapanga | |||
Class 8 | zitapile, zitapē | ezitapile, ezitapē | zitapile, zitapē | azitapanga | ezingatapanga | zingatapanga | |||
Class 9 | itapile, itapē | etapile, etapē | itapile, itapē | ayitapanga | engatapanga | ingatapanga | |||
Class 10 | zitapile, zitapē | ezitapile, ezitapē | zitapile, zitapē | azitapanga | ezingatapanga | zingatapanga | |||
Class 11 | lutapile, lutapē | olutapile, olutapē | lutapile, lutapē | alutapanga | olungatapanga | lungatapanga | |||
Class 14 | butapile, butapē | obutapile, obutapē | butapile, butapē | abutapanga | obungatapanga | bungatapanga | |||
Class 15 | kutapile, kutapē | okutapile, okutapē | kutapile, kutapē | akutapanga | okungatapanga | kungatapanga | |||
Class 17 | kutapile, kutapē | okutapile, okutapē | kutapile, kutapē | akutapanga | okungatapanga | kungatapanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngātapa | engātapa | ngātapa | angitapanga | engingatapanga | ngingatapanga | |||
2nd singular | wātapa | owātapa | wātapa | awutapanga | ongatapanga | ungatapanga | |||
1st plural | sātapa | esātapa | sātapa | asitapanga | esingatapanga | singatapanga | |||
2nd plural | nātapa | enātapa | nātapa | anitapanga | eningatapanga | ningatapanga | |||
Class 1 | wātapa | owātapa | ātapa | akatapanga | ongatapanga | engatapanga | |||
Class 2 | bātapa | abātapa | bātapa | abatapanga | abangatapanga | bengatapanga | |||
Class 3 | wātapa | owātapa | wātapa | awutapanga | ongatapanga | ungatapanga | |||
Class 4 | yātapa | eyātapa | yātapa | ayitapanga | engatapanga | ingatapanga | |||
Class 5 | lātapa | elātapa | lātapa | alitapanga | elingatapanga | lingatapanga | |||
Class 6 | ātapa | ātapa | ātapa | awatapanga | angatapanga | engatapanga | |||
Class 7 | sātapa | esātapa | sātapa | asitapanga | esingatapanga | singatapanga | |||
Class 8 | zātapa | ezātapa | zātapa | azitapanga | ezingatapanga | zingatapanga | |||
Class 9 | yātapa | eyātapa | yātapa | ayitapanga | engatapanga | ingatapanga | |||
Class 10 | zātapa | ezātapa | zātapa | azitapanga | ezingatapanga | zingatapanga | |||
Class 11 | lwātapa | olwātapa | lwātapa | alutapanga | olungatapanga | lungatapanga | |||
Class 14 | bātapa | obātapa | bātapa | abutapanga | obungatapanga | bungatapanga | |||
Class 15 | kwātapa | okwātapa | kwātapa | akutapanga | okungatapanga | kungatapanga | |||
Class 17 | kwātapa | okwātapa | kwātapa | akutapanga | okungatapanga | kungatapanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingatapa | — | ngingatapa | ngingetape | — | ngingetape | |||
2nd singular | ungatapa | — | ungatapa | ungetape | — | ungetape | |||
1st plural | singatapa | — | singatapa | singetape | — | singetape | |||
2nd plural | ningatapa | — | ningatapa | ningetape | — | ningetape | |||
Class 1 | angatapa | — | engatapa | angetape | — | engetape | |||
Class 2 | bangatapa | — | bengatapa | bangetape | — | bengetape | |||
Class 3 | ungatapa | — | ungatapa | ungetape | — | ungetape | |||
Class 4 | ingatapa | — | ingatapa | ingetape | — | ingetape | |||
Class 5 | lingatapa | — | lingatapa | lingetape | — | lingetape | |||
Class 6 | angatapa | — | engatapa | angetape | — | engetape | |||
Class 7 | singatapa | — | singatapa | singetape | — | singetape | |||
Class 8 | zingatapa | — | zingatapa | zingetape | — | zingetape | |||
Class 9 | ingatapa | — | ingatapa | ingetape | — | ingetape | |||
Class 10 | zingatapa | — | zingatapa | zingetape | — | zingetape | |||
Class 11 | lungatapa | — | lungatapa | lungetape | — | lungetape | |||
Class 14 | bungatapa | — | bungatapa | bungetape | — | bungetape | |||
Class 15 | kungatapa | — | kungatapa | kungetape | — | kungetape | |||
Class 17 | kungatapa | — | kungatapa | kungetape | — | kungetape | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizotapa | engizotapa | ngizotapa | angizutapa | engingezutapa | ngingezutapa | |||
2nd singular | uzotapa | ozotapa | uzotapa | awuzutapa | ongezutapa | ungezutapa | |||
1st plural | sizotapa | esizotapa | sizotapa | asizutapa | esingezutapa | singezutapa | |||
2nd plural | nizotapa | enizotapa | nizotapa | anizutapa | eningezutapa | ningezutapa | |||
Class 1 | uzotapa | ozotapa | ezotapa | akazutapa | ongezutapa | engezutapa | |||
Class 2 | bazotapa | abazotapa | bezotapa | abazutapa | abangezutapa | bengezutapa | |||
Class 3 | uzotapa | ozotapa | uzotapa | awuzutapa | ongezutapa | ungezutapa | |||
Class 4 | izotapa | ezotapa | izotapa | ayizutapa | engezutapa | ingezutapa | |||
Class 5 | lizotapa | elizotapa | lizotapa | alizutapa | elingezutapa | lingezutapa | |||
Class 6 | azotapa | azotapa | ezotapa | awazutapa | angezutapa | engezutapa | |||
Class 7 | sizotapa | esizotapa | sizotapa | asizutapa | esingezutapa | singezutapa | |||
Class 8 | zizotapa | ezizotapa | zizotapa | azizutapa | ezingezutapa | zingezutapa | |||
Class 9 | izotapa | ezotapa | izotapa | ayizutapa | engezutapa | ingezutapa | |||
Class 10 | zizotapa | ezizotapa | zizotapa | azizutapa | ezingezutapa | zingezutapa | |||
Class 11 | luzotapa | oluzotapa | luzotapa | aluzutapa | olungezutapa | lungezutapa | |||
Class 14 | buzotapa | obuzotapa | buzotapa | abuzutapa | obungezutapa | bungezutapa | |||
Class 15 | kuzotapa | okuzotapa | kuzotapa | akuzutapa | okungezutapa | kungezutapa | |||
Class 17 | kuzotapa | okuzotapa | kuzotapa | akuzutapa | okungezutapa | kungezutapa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyotapa | engiyotapa | ngiyotapa | angiyutapa | engingeyutapa | ngingeyutapa | |||
2nd singular | uyotapa | oyotapa | uyotapa | awuyutapa | ongeyutapa | ungeyutapa | |||
1st plural | siyotapa | esiyotapa | siyotapa | asiyutapa | esingeyutapa | singeyutapa | |||
2nd plural | niyotapa | eniyotapa | niyotapa | aniyutapa | eningeyutapa | ningeyutapa | |||
Class 1 | uyotapa | oyotapa | eyotapa | akayutapa | ongeyutapa | engeyutapa | |||
Class 2 | bayotapa | abayotapa | beyotapa | abayutapa | abangeyutapa | bengeyutapa | |||
Class 3 | uyotapa | oyotapa | uyotapa | awuyutapa | ongeyutapa | ungeyutapa | |||
Class 4 | iyotapa | eyotapa | iyotapa | ayiyutapa | engeyutapa | ingeyutapa | |||
Class 5 | liyotapa | eliyotapa | liyotapa | aliyutapa | elingeyutapa | lingeyutapa | |||
Class 6 | ayotapa | ayotapa | eyotapa | awayutapa | angeyutapa | engeyutapa | |||
Class 7 | siyotapa | esiyotapa | siyotapa | asiyutapa | esingeyutapa | singeyutapa | |||
Class 8 | ziyotapa | eziyotapa | ziyotapa | aziyutapa | ezingeyutapa | zingeyutapa | |||
Class 9 | iyotapa | eyotapa | iyotapa | ayiyutapa | engeyutapa | ingeyutapa | |||
Class 10 | ziyotapa | eziyotapa | ziyotapa | aziyutapa | ezingeyutapa | zingeyutapa | |||
Class 11 | luyotapa | oluyotapa | luyotapa | aluyutapa | olungeyutapa | lungeyutapa | |||
Class 14 | buyotapa | obuyotapa | buyotapa | abuyutapa | obungeyutapa | bungeyutapa | |||
Class 15 | kuyotapa | okuyotapa | kuyotapa | akuyutapa | okungeyutapa | kungeyutapa | |||
Class 17 | kuyotapa | okuyotapa | kuyotapa | akuyutapa | okungeyutapa | kungeyutapa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngitape | ngingatapi | |||||||
2nd singular | utape | ungatapi | |||||||
1st plural | sitape | singatapi | |||||||
2nd plural | nitape | ningatapi | |||||||
Class 1 | atape | angatapi | |||||||
Class 2 | batape | bangatapi | |||||||
Class 3 | utape | ungatapi | |||||||
Class 4 | itape | ingatapi | |||||||
Class 5 | litape | lingatapi | |||||||
Class 6 | atape | angatapi | |||||||
Class 7 | sitape | singatapi | |||||||
Class 8 | zitape | zingatapi | |||||||
Class 9 | itape | ingatapi | |||||||
Class 10 | zitape | zingatapi | |||||||
Class 11 | lutape | lungatapi | |||||||
Class 14 | butape | bungatapi | |||||||
Class 15 | kutape | kungatapi | |||||||
Class 17 | kutape | kungatapi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngatapa | ngangatapa, angatapa, angangatapa | |||||||
2nd singular | watapa | wangatapa, awatapa, awangatapa | |||||||
1st plural | satapa | sangatapa, asatapa, asangatapa | |||||||
2nd plural | natapa | nangatapa, anatapa, anangatapa | |||||||
Class 1 | watapa | wangatapa, akatapa, akangatapa | |||||||
Class 2 | batapa | bangatapa, abatapa, abangatapa | |||||||
Class 3 | watapa | wangatapa, awatapa, awangatapa | |||||||
Class 4 | yatapa | yangatapa, ayatapa, ayangatapa | |||||||
Class 5 | latapa | langatapa, alatapa, alangatapa | |||||||
Class 6 | atapa | angatapa, awatapa, awangatapa | |||||||
Class 7 | satapa | sangatapa, asatapa, asangatapa | |||||||
Class 8 | zatapa | zangatapa, azatapa, azangatapa | |||||||
Class 9 | yatapa | yangatapa, ayatapa, ayangatapa | |||||||
Class 10 | zatapa | zangatapa, azatapa, azangatapa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwatapa | lwangatapa, alwatapa, alwangatapa | |||||||
Class 14 | batapa | bangatapa, abatapa, abangatapa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwatapa | kwangatapa, akwatapa, akwangatapa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwatapa | kwangatapa, akwatapa, akwangatapa |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “tapa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, ISBN 0 85494 027 8: “tapa (3.9)”