dormir
Asturian
Alternative forms
Verb
dormir (first-person singular indicative present dormo, past participle dormíu)
- (intransitive) to sleep
Conjugation
infinitive | dormir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerundive | dormiendo | ||||||
participle | m dormíu, f dormida, n dormío, m pl dormíos, f pl dormíes | ||||||
person | first singular yo |
second singular tu |
third singular él/elli |
first plural nosotros/nós |
second plural vosotros/vós |
third plural ellos | |
indicative | present | dormo | dormes | dorme | dormimos | dormís | dormen |
preterite imperfect | dormía | dormíes | dormía | dormíemos/dormíamos | dormíeis/dormíais | dormíen | |
preterite indefinite | dormí | dormiesti/dormisti | dormió | dormiemos/dormimos | dormiestis/dormistis | dormieron | |
pluperfect | dormiere/dormiera | dormieres/dormieras | dormiere/dormiera | dormiéremos/dormiéramos | dormiereis/dormierais | dormieren/dormieran | |
subjunctive | present | dorma | dormas | dorma | dormamos | dormáis | dorman |
preterite imperfect | dormiere/dormiera | dormieres/dormieras | dormiere/dormiera | dormiéremos/dormiéramos | dormiereis/dormierais | dormieren/dormieran | |
potential | future | dormiré | dormirás | dormirá | dormiremos | dormiréis | dormirán |
conditional | dormiría | dormiríes | dormiría | dormiríemos/dormiríamos | dormiríeis/dormiríais | dormiríen | |
imperative | dormi | dormíi |
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan dormir, from Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō, from Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”).
Pronunciation
Conjugation
infinitive | dormir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | dormint | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | dormit | dormida | |||||
plural | dormits | dormides | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | dormo | dorms | dorm | dormim | dormiu | dormen | |
imperfect | dormia | dormies | dormia | dormíem | dormíeu | dormien | |
future | dormiré | dormiràs | dormirà | dormirem | dormireu | dormiran | |
preterite | dormí | dormires | dormí | dormírem | dormíreu | dormiren | |
conditional | dormiria | dormiries | dormiria | dormiríem | dormiríeu | dormirien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | dormi | dormis | dormi | dormim | dormiu | dormin | |
imperfect | dormís | dormissis | dormís | dormíssim | dormíssiu | dormissin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
— | dorm | dormi | dormim | dormiu | dormin |
Related terms
References
- Institut d’Estudis Catalans (1995). Diccionari de la llengua catalana (4th edition). →ISBN.
French
Etymology
From Middle French dormir, from Old French dormir, from Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō (“I sleep”), from Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɔʁ.miʁ/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -iʁ
Conjugation
This is one of a fairly large group of irregular -ir verbs that are all conjugated the same way. Other members of this group include sortir and servir. The most significant difference between these verbs' conjugation and that of the regular -ir verbs is that these verbs' conjugation does not use the infix -iss-. Further, this conjugation has the forms (je, tu) dors and (il) dort in the present indicative and imperative, whereas a regular -ir verb would have *dormis and *dormit (as in the past historic).
present participle | dormant /dɔʁ.mɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | dormi /dɔʁ.mi/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | dormir | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | dormant /dɔʁ.mɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | dors /dɔʁ/ |
dors /dɔʁ/ |
dort /dɔʁ/ |
dormons /dɔʁ.mɔ̃/ |
dormez /dɔʁ.me/ |
dorment /dɔʁm/ |
imperfect | dormais /dɔʁ.mɛ/ |
dormais /dɔʁ.mɛ/ |
dormait /dɔʁ.mɛ/ |
dormions /dɔʁ.mjɔ̃/ |
dormiez /dɔʁ.mje/ |
dormaient /dɔʁ.mɛ/ | |
past historic2 | dormis /dɔʁ.mi/ |
dormis /dɔʁ.mi/ |
dormit /dɔʁ.mi/ |
dormîmes /dɔʁ.mim/ |
dormîtes /dɔʁ.mit/ |
dormirent /dɔʁ.miʁ/ | |
future | dormirai /dɔʁ.mi.ʁe/ |
dormiras /dɔʁ.mi.ʁa/ |
dormira /dɔʁ.mi.ʁa/ |
dormirons /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ |
dormirez /dɔʁ.mi.ʁe/ |
dormiront /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | dormirais /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
dormirais /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
dormirait /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
dormirions /dɔʁ.mi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
dormiriez /dɔʁ.mi.ʁje/ |
dormiraient /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | dorme /dɔʁm/ |
dormes /dɔʁm/ |
dorme /dɔʁm/ |
dormions /dɔʁ.mjɔ̃/ |
dormiez /dɔʁ.mje/ |
dorment /dɔʁm/ |
imperfect2 | dormisse /dɔʁ.mis/ |
dormisses /dɔʁ.mis/ |
dormît /dɔʁ.mi/ |
dormissions /dɔʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ |
dormissiez /dɔʁ.mi.sje/ |
dormissent /dɔʁ.mis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | dors /dɔʁ/ |
— | dormons /dɔʁ.mɔ̃/ |
dormez /dɔʁ.me/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Related terms
See also
Further reading
- “dormir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Interlingua
Ladin
Conjugation
- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | dormir, dormì | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | ester | gerund | dormian | |||
past participle | dormì | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
present | dorme, dormesce | dormes, dormesces | dorm, dormesc | dormion | dormieis | dorm, dormesc |
imperfect | dormive | dormives | dormiva | dormivan | dormivais | dormiva |
future | dormiré | dormiras | dormirà | dormiron | dormireis | dormirà |
subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
present | dorme, dormesce | dormes, dormesces | dorme, dormesce | dormion | dormieis | dorme, dormesce |
imperfect | dormisse | dormisses | dormissa | dormissan | dormissais | dormissa |
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
— | dorm, dormesc | — | dormion | dormide | — |
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French dormir, from Latin dormiō, dormīre.
Occitan
Alternative forms
- dourmir (Provence)
Etymology
From Old Occitan dormir, from Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō.
Conjugation
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | dormir | èsser dormit | |||||
past participle | dormit | - | |||||
gerund | dormissent | essent dormit | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | dormissi | dormisses | dormís | dormissèm | dormissètz | dormisson | |
imperfect | dormissiái | dormissiás | dormissiá | dormissiam | dormissiatz | dormissián | |
preterite | dormiguèri | dormiguères | dormiguèt | dormiguèrem | dormiguèretz | dormiguèron | |
future | dormirai | dormiràs | dormirà | dormirem | dormiretz | dormiràn | |
conditional | dormiriái | dormiriás | dormiriá | dormiriam | dormiriatz | dormirián | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of èsser plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of èsser plus the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of èsser plus the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of èsser plus the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of èsser plus the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | dormisca | dormiscas | dormisca | dormiscam | dormiscatz | dormiscan | |
imperfect | dormiguèsse | dormiguèsses | dormiguèsse | dormiguèssem | dormiguèssetz | dormiguèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of èsser plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of èsser plus the past participle | ||||||
imperative | - | tu | - | nosautres | vosautres | - | |
dormís | dormiscam | dormissetz |
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | dormir | avoir dormi | |||||
gerund | en dormant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | dormant | ||||||
past participle | dormi | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | dorm | dors | dort | dormons | dormez | dorment |
imperfect | dormoie, dormeie | dormoies, dormeies | dormoit, dormeit | dormiiens, dormiens | dormiiez, dormiez | dormoient, dormeient | |
preterite | dormi | dormis | dormi | dormimes | dormistes | dormirent | |
future | dormirai | dormiras | dormira | dormirons | dormiroiz, dormireiz, dormirez | dormiront | |
conditional | dormiroie, dormireie | dormiroies, dormireies | dormiroit, dormireit | dormiriiens, dormiriens | dormiriiez, dormiriez | dormiroient, dormireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | dorme | dormes | dorme | dormons | dormez | dorment |
imperfect | dormisse | dormisses | dormist | dormissons, dormissiens | dormissoiz, dormissez, dormissiez | dormissent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | dorm | — | dormons | dormez | — |
Old Occitan
Etymology
From Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French dormir.
References
- von Wartburg, Walther (1928-2002), “dormīre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 30, page 140
Portuguese
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Portuguese dormir, durmir, from Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō (“I sleep”), from Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”).
Verb
dormir (first-person singular present indicative durmo, past participle dormido)
- (intransitive) to sleep; to be asleep (to rest in a state of reduced consciousness)
- Quieto! Meu gato está dormindo. ― Be quiet! My cat is sleeping.
- (intransitive) to fall asleep (to become asleep)
- Demorou horas até que eu dormisse. ― Hours passed before I fell asleep.
- (transitive) to have a given type of sleep
- Dormir uma soneca. ― To have a nap.
- (figuratively, intransitive) to sleep (to be temporarily inactive)
- A célula dos terroristas está dormindo. ― The terrorist cell is asleep.
- (euphemistic, transitive with com) to sleep with (to have sex with)
- Peguei-a dormindo com um rapaz. ― I caught her sleeping with a boy.
- (figuratively, transitive with com) to be constantly with
- A memória da guerra dorme com o veterano. ― The memory of the war sleeps with the veteran.
- (poetic, intransitive) to be dead
- Todos meus heróis dormem. ― All my heroes are dead.
- (informal, of a limb, intransitive) to fall asleep (to temporarily lose blood circulation)
- Acordei no meio da noite e meu braço tinha dormido. ― I woke up in the middle of the night and my arm had fallen asleep.
- (Brazil, slang, intransitive) not to notice a problem
- O controlador dormiu e os aviões bateram. ― The controller didn’t pay attention and the aeroplanes collided.
Conjugation
Quotations
For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:dormir.
Spanish
Etymology
From Old Spanish, from Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō (“I sleep”), from Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“run, sleep”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dorˈmiɾ/, [d̪orˈmiɾ]
Verb
dormir (first-person singular present duermo, first-person singular preterite dormí, past participle dormido)
- (intransitive) to sleep
- (reflexive) to fall asleep
- (euphemistic) to die; to rest in death
Conjugation
infinitive | dormir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | durmiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | dormido | dormida | |||||
plural | dormidos | dormidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | duermo | duermestú dormísvos |
duerme | dormimos | dormís | duermen | |
imperfect | dormía | dormías | dormía | dormíamos | dormíais | dormían | |
preterite | dormí | dormiste | durmió | dormimos | dormisteis | durmieron | |
future | dormiré | dormirás | dormirá | dormiremos | dormiréis | dormirán | |
conditional | dormiría | dormirías | dormiría | dormiríamos | dormiríais | dormirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | duerma | duermas | duerma | durmamos | durmáis | duerman | |
imperfect (ra) |
durmiera | durmieras | durmiera | durmiéramos | durmierais | durmieran | |
imperfect (se) |
durmiese | durmieses | durmiese | durmiésemos | durmieseis | durmiesen | |
future1 | durmiere | durmieres | durmiere | durmiéremos | durmiereis | durmieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | duermetú dormívos |
duerma | durmamos | dormid | duerman | ||
negative | no duermas | no duerma | no durmamos | no durmáis | no duerman |
- 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive dormir | |||||||
dative | dormirme | dormirte | dormirle, dormirse | dormirnos | dormiros | dormirles, dormirse | |
accusative | dormirme | dormirte | dormirlo, dormirla, dormirse | dormirnos | dormiros | dormirlos, dormirlas, dormirse | |
with gerund durmiendo | |||||||
dative | durmiéndome | durmiéndote | durmiéndole, durmiéndose | durmiéndonos | durmiéndoos | durmiéndoles, durmiéndose | |
accusative | durmiéndome | durmiéndote | durmiéndolo, durmiéndola, durmiéndose | durmiéndonos | durmiéndoos | durmiéndolos, durmiéndolas, durmiéndose | |
with informal second-person singular imperative duerme | |||||||
dative | duérmeme | duérmete | duérmele | duérmenos | not used | duérmeles | |
accusative | duérmeme | duérmete | duérmelo, duérmela | duérmenos | not used | duérmelos, duérmelas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative duerma | |||||||
dative | duérmame | not used | duérmale, duérmase | duérmanos | not used | duérmales | |
accusative | duérmame | not used | duérmalo, duérmala, duérmase | duérmanos | not used | duérmalos, duérmalas | |
with first-person plural imperative durmamos | |||||||
dative | not used | durmámoste | durmámosle | durmámonos | durmámoos | durmámosles | |
accusative | not used | durmámoste | durmámoslo, durmámosla | durmámonos | durmámoos | durmámoslos, durmámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative dormid | |||||||
dative | dormidme | not used | dormidle | dormidnos | dormíos | dormidles | |
accusative | dormidme | not used | dormidlo, dormidla | dormidnos | dormíos | dormidlos, dormidlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative duerman | |||||||
dative | duérmanme | not used | duérmanle | duérmannos | not used | duérmanles, duérmanse | |
accusative | duérmanme | not used | duérmanlo, duérmanla | duérmannos | not used | duérmanlos, duérmanlas, duérmanse |
infinitive | dormirse | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | durmiéndose | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | dormido | dormida | |||||
plural | dormidos | dormidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | me duermo | te duermestú se dormísvos |
se duerme | nos dormimos | os dormís | se duermen | |
imperfect | me dormía | te dormías | se dormía | nos dormíamos | os dormíais | se dormían | |
preterite | me dormí | te dormiste | se durmió | nos dormimos | os dormisteis | se durmieron | |
future | me dormiré | te dormirás | se dormirá | nos dormiremos | os dormiréis | se dormirán | |
conditional | me dormiría | te dormirías | se dormiría | nos dormiríamos | os dormiríais | se dormirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | me duerma | te duermas | se duerma | nos durmamos | os durmáis | se duerman | |
imperfect (ra) |
me durmiera | te durmieras | se durmiera | nos durmiéramos | os durmierais | se durmieran | |
imperfect (se) |
me durmiese | te durmieses | se durmiese | nos durmiésemos | os durmieseis | se durmiesen | |
future1 | me durmiere | te durmieres | se durmiere | nos durmiéremos | os durmiereis | se durmieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | duérmete | duérmase | durmámonos | dormíos | duérmanse | ||
negative | no te duermas | no se duerma | no nos durmamos | no os durmáis | no se duerman |
- 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
Infinitives | |||||||
accusative | dormirme | dormirte | dormirse | dormirnos | dormiros | dormirse | |
gerunds | |||||||
accusative | durmiéndome | durmiéndote | durmiéndose | durmiéndonos | durmiéndoos | durmiéndose | |
with positive imperatives | |||||||
accusative | not used | duérmete | duérmase | durmámonos | dormíos | duérmanse |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “dormir” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Venetian
Etymology
From Latin dormīre, present active infinitive of dormiō (“I sleep”). Compare Italian dormire
Conjugation
- Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | dormir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | aver | gerund | dorméndo | |||
past participle | dormito, dormìo | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | dormiso | (te) dormisi | (el/ła) dormise | dormimo | dormì | (i/łe) dormise |
imperfect | dormìa | (te) dormivi | (el/ła) dormìa | dormìvimo | dormivi | (i/łe) dormìa |
future | dormirò | (te) dormirè | (el/ła) dormirà | dormirémo | dormirè | (i/łe) dormirà |
conditional | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | dormirìa | (te) dormirisi | (el/ła) dormirìa | dormirìsimo | dormirisi | (i/łe) dormirìa |
subjunctive | che mi | che ti | che eło / eła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri / łore |
present | dormisa | (te) dormisi | (el/ła) dormisa | dormimo | dormì | (i/łe) dormisa |
imperfect | dormise | (te) dormisi | (el/ła) dormise | dormisimo | dormisi | (i/łe) dormise |
imperative | — | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
— | (te) dormisi | (el/ła) dormisa | dormimo | dormì | (i/łe) dormisa |
Related terms
- indormesar
- indormesarse
- indormia