aut
Ladin
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), from *h₂ew. Cognate with autem, Ancient Greek αὖ (aû), αὖτε (aûte), αὐτός (autós), αὐτάρ (autár), Gothic *𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (*auþs).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /au̯t/
Conjunction
aut
- or (exclusive or)
- Marcus ludos videbit aut dormiet.
- Marcus will watch the games or sleep [but not both].
- Aut Caesar, aut nihil.
- Either Caesar or nothing (figuratively: all or nothing)
- Aut disce aut discede.
- Either learn or go away.
Usage notes
Descendants
References
- aut in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- aut in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- aut in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
- geographical knowledge: regionum terrestrium aut maritimarum scientia
- twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ou-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ew-. Cognates include Lithuanian aũti, Proto-Slavic *uti- (“to put on”) (> *jьzuti, *obuti), Hittite [script needed] (unu-, “to adorn, decorate, lay (the table)”), Latin *uō (“to put on”) (> exuō, induō).
Verb
aut tr., 1st conj., pres. aunu, aun, aun / auju, auj, auj, past āvu
- put on footwear (shoes, boots, socks, etc.)
- zēns āva kājas ― the boy put on footwear (lit. on his feet)
- aut kājas pastalās ― to put on pastalas (simple footwear) (lit. to put one's feet into pastalas)
- aut kurpes kājas ― to put on shoes (lit. to put shoes on one's feet)
- nosēdos uz akmens un gribēju aut kājas, bet kurpes bija ļoti sabristas — I sat down on a rock and wanted to put shoes on (lit. to put (my) feet (into shoes)), but the shoes were very wet
- Žanis āva kājās stulmeņu zābakus ― Žanis put the long boots on (his) feet
- (figuratively, with kājas) to prepare for a journey (lit. to put on footwear)
- un tūliņ ķēniņš aun kājas savu sievu meklēt ― and quickly the king puts on footwear to go looking for his wife
Usage notes
Note that aut can take two complements, the footwear or the subject's feet. Either can be the direct object, in which case the other will be a locative complement (i.e., either "to put shoes on one's feet" or "to put one's feet into shoes").
Conjugation
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | aunu, auju | āvu | aušu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | aun, auj | āvi | ausi | aun |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | aun, auj | āva | aus | lai aun, auj |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | aunam, aujam | āvām | ausim | ausim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | aunat, aujat | āvāt | ausiet, ausit |
auniet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | aun, auj | āva | aus | lai aun, auj |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | aunot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | aunošs | ||
Past | esot āvis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | audams | ||
Future | aušot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | aunot | ||
Imperative | lai aunot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | aunam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | āvis | |||
Present | autu | Present Passive | aunams | ||
Past | būtu āvis | Past Passive | auts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jāaun | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | aut | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jāaun | Negative Infinitive | neaut | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jāaunot | Verbal noun | aušana |
Synonyms
- tērpt
- vilkt
Derived terms
- prefixed verbs:
- apaut
- ataut
- ieaut
- izaut
- noaut
- paaut
- pāraut
- saaut
- uzaut
- other derived terms:
References
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “auti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 73
Middle Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈa.ʉd/
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /awt/
Noun
aut m inan
- (sports) touch (the part of a field beyond the touchlines or goal lines)
- (sports) the situation when the ball goes into touch
Declension
Derived terms
- (adjective) autowy