Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęgnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the root of *tęťi (“to pull”) + *-nǫti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ting-, *teng-, from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ-.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tìngti (“to become slow”) (3sg. tìngsta), tingė́ti (“to be lazy”) (3sg. tìngi).

Indo-European cognates include Old Norse þyngja (“burden”), þīsl (“drawbar, shaft”), Old High German dīhsala (“drawbar, shaft”), Latin tēmō (“drawbar, shaft”) < *tenk-smō.

Verb

*tęgnǫti impf

to pull

Inflection

Conjugation of *tęgnǫti (impf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tęgnovenьje	*tęgnǫti	*tęgnǫtъ	*tęgnǫlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tęgnovenъ	*tęgnomъ
Active	*tęgnǫvъ	*tęgny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tęgnǫxъ	*tęgnǫ	*tęgnǫ	*tęgnǫ	*tęgneši	*tęgnetь
Dual	*tęgnǫxově	*tęgnǫsta	*tęgnǫste	*tęgnevě	*tęgneta	*tęgnete
Plural	*tęgnǫxomъ	*tęgnǫste	*tęgnǫšę	*tęgnemъ	*tęgnete	*tęgnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tęgněaxъ	*tęgněaše	*tęgněaše	—	*tęgni	*tęgni
Dual	*tęgněaxově	*tęgněašeta	*tęgněašete	*tęgněvě	*tęgněta	—
Plural	*tęgněaxomъ	*tęgněašete	*tęgněaxǫ	*tęgněmъ	*tęgněte	—

Related terms

*tędzati (“to pull, extract”)
*tęgъ / *tęga (“traction, weight”)
*tęžьkъ (“heavy”)

*tęťi (“to pull”)
*tęželъ
*tǫga (“sadness”)
*tǫgъ (“tight, solid, tough”)

Derived terms

*natęgnǫti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тꙗгнꙋти (tjagnuti), тꙗнꙋти (tjanuti)
  - Belarusian: цягну́ць (cjahnúcʹ)
  - Russian: тяну́ть (tjanútʹ), 1sg. тяну́ (tjanú), 3sg. тя́нет (tjánet)
  - Ukrainian: тягну́ти (tjahnúty)

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: тѧгнѫти (tęgnǫti), 1sg. тѧгнѫ (tęgnǫ)
- Bulgarian: те́гна (tégna)
- Macedonian: тегне (tegne)
- Slovene: tė́gniti (“to provide, to stretch”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. tėgnem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:
- Czech: táhnout
- Polish: ciągnąć
- Slovak: tiahnuť
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: ćahnyć
  - Lower Sorbian: śěgnuś

References

Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “тяну́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 278
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tęgnǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 493
Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “тя́га”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress

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