< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tengʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Extension of *ten- (“to stretch; to extend”).

Root

*tengʰ- [1]

  1. to pull (back)[1]
  2. to be heavy, difficult[2]

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*teng%CA%B0-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *tengʰ-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *tengʰ-</a>
  • *téngʰ-ti ~ tn̥gʰ-énti (root athematic present)[1]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Slavic: [Term?]
        • Old Church Slavonic: тѧже (tęže, “pulled, drew”)
  • *tḗngʰ-ti ~ téngʰ-nti (narten-type root athematic present)[1]
    • Tocharian: *täṅk- (“to check, stop, hinder”)[3]
      • Tocharian A: täṅk-
      • Tocharian B: täṅk-
  • *tongʰ-éye-ti (éye-causative)[1]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Slavic: [Term?]
        • Russian: ту́жить (túžitʹ, “to tense up”)
    • Indo-Iranian: *tʰanǰʰáyati[4]
  • *tn̥gʰ-sḱé-ti (*sḱe-present)[9]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Lithuanian: tìngti (“to become slow”)
  • *tn̥gʰ-yé-ti (zero-grade yé-suffix)[1][9]
    • Balto-Slavic: *ting-[10]
      • Slavic: *tęťi
        • ⇒ Slavic: *tęgnǫti (“to pull”)[10]
        • ⇒ Slavic: *tęgati (“to pull, to extract”)
        • ⇒ Slavic: *tęgъ, *tęga (“traction, weight”)
        • ⇒ Slavic: *tǫgъ (“hard, strong”)
    • Germanic: *þungjaną (“to weigh down, make heavy”)[9]
  • *tengʰ-sleh₂
    • Germanic: *þinhslō (see there for further descendants)
  • *téngʰ-u-s ~ *tn̥gʰ-éw-s (“heavy”)[9]
    • Balto-Slavic: *tingus[11]
    • Germanic: *þunguz[9]
      • Old Norse: þungr (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*tʰengʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 657
  2. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*tengh-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 345
  3. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “*täṅk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 306
  4. Kümmel (2016) "Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische"
  5. Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*θanǰ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 391-392
  6. Schmitt, Rüdiger (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 213
  7. Kümmel (2006) "Introduction to Sogdian"
  8. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta
  9. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þungu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 551
  10. Derksen, Rick (2015), “*tingėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466
  11. Derksen, Rick (2015), “*tingus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 466-467
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