< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (present) and *bʰúHt (other forms).

Verb

*bỳti impf [1][2][3]

  1. to be

Conjugation
Conjugation of *byti (athematic, suppletive)
infinitive *byti
supine *bytъ
verbal noun *bytьje
participles present past future
active *sy *byvъ *bǫdy
passive — — —
resultative — *bylъ —
present future imperative
1st singular *esmь *bǫdǫ —
2nd singular *esi *bǫdešь *bǫdi
3rd singular *estь *bǫdetь *bǫdi
1st dual *esvě *bǫdevě *bǫděve
2nd dual *esta *bǫdeta *bǫděta
3rd dual *este *bǫdete —
1st plural *esmъ *bǫdemъ *bǫděmъ
2nd plural *este *bǫdete *bǫděte
3rd plural *sǫtь *bǫdǫtь *bǫdǫ
imperfect imperfective aorist perfective aorist
1st singular — *běxъ *byxъ
2nd singular — *bě *bystъ, *by
3rd singular *běaše *bě *bystъ, *by
1st dual — *běxově *byxově
2nd dual — *běsta *bysta
3rd dual *běašete *běste *byste
1st plural — *běxomъ *byxomъ
2nd plural — *běste *byste
3rd plural *běaxǫ *běšę *byšę

Derived terms
  • *byto (“being, creature”)
  • *bytъ (“entity”)
  • *bytь (“culture, essence”)
    • *bytьje (“existence, being”)
  • *bytьnъ (“essential, existent”)
  • *bǫdęšče (“future”)
  • *bydlo (“dwelling”)
  • *bylь (“plant stem, stalk”)
    • *bylьje (“herb”)
    • *bylьkarjь (“herbalist”)
  • *baviti (“to linger”)
  • *byvati (“to happen”)
  • *bъděti (“to be conscious”)

Descendants

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bỳti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 71: “v. (a) ‘be’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “1byti: bǫdǫ bǫdetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 208, 234, 236, 260; PR 133; MP 22)”
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “2byti (st. by-): jesmь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c være (PR 139)”
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