Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰéǵʰōm

From *dʰeǵʰ- +‎ *-ōm.

However, Kloekhorst argues that the Sanskrit and Anatolian evidence point towards a reconstruction of the root *dʰeǵ- as opposed to *dʰeǵʰ- on the basis that:

1. In the Sanskrit oblique stem jm-, -j- must reflect *ǵ-, and cannot reflect *ǵʰ-, which would regularly give -h- in all positions.
2. The long vowel in the Hittite nom. sg. [tēkan] suggests a "voiced unaspirated" (pre-glottalised) velar. See Kloekhorst (2012).
3. The *ǵʰ- reconstructable from Latin, Germanic and Greek can be explained in the glottalic theory as a simplification of the cluster *dʰǵ /dˀg/ to *dʰǵʰ /dg/. The opposite development is much less likely.
   

It should be noted, however, that the glottalic theory is not generally accepted.

A phonetically difficult, but possible connection is with *(s)teǵ- (“to cover”), with devoicing of *dʰ to *t via Siebs' law.[1]

*dʰéǵʰōm f [2]

1. earth

According to Ringe:

Notes:

• Nom. from **dʰéǵʰoms
• Acc. from **dʰéǵʰomm̥

The Hittite evidence suggests a regular hysterokinetic inflection; Kloekhorst reconstructs the original paradigm as:

Nom. sg. *dʰéǵ-m-

Acc. sg. *dʰǵ-ém-m

Gen. sg. *dʰǵ-m-és

• *h₁er-

• *dʰǵʰοm-o-[3]
  • Italic: *homos
    • Latin: humus
• *dʰǵʰem-elo-
  • Hellenic: [Term?]
    • Ancient Greek: χθαμαλός (khthamalós)
  • Italic: [Term?]
    • Latin: humilis
  • Phrygian: ζεμελως (zemelōs)
• *dʰǵʰοm-yo-
  • Celtic: *gdonyos[4] (see there for further descendants)
• *(dʰ)ǵʰm̥(m)-ṓ (“earthling, human”)

• Albanian: dhe (< *dzō < *dʰgʰem)
• Anatolian: *déǵm̥
  • Hittite: 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (te-e-kán /tēkan/), 𒁖𒈾𒀸 (ták-na-aš /taknas/, gen.)
  • Luwian:

    Cuneiform: 𒋾𒄿𒀀𒄠𒈪𒅖 (/tiyammiš/)

    Anatolian Hieroglyphs: 𔓤 (/takam/)

• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: ցամաք (cʿamakʿ, “dry; dry land”) (possibly)
• Balto-Slavic: *źemē (< accusative *ǵʰem-m̥)
  • Latvian: zeme
  • Lithuanian: žẽmė
  • Old Prussian: semmē
  • Slavic: *zemľa (see there for further descendants)
• Celtic: *gdū (< *gdō, *gdon-)
  • Old Irish: dú, don (gen.) (< *gdonos)
• Hellenic: *kʰtʰṓn
  • Ancient Greek: χθών (khthṓn), χαμαί (khamaí)
• Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́žʰáHs (< *dʰǵʰḿ̥h₂s)
  • Indo-Aryan: *gẓʰáHs
    • Sanskrit: क्षम् (kṣám), क्ष (kṣá), ज्मः (jmáḥ, gen.)
  • Iranian: *ȷ́áHs
    • Avestan: 𐬰𐬃‎ (zā̊), 𐬰𐬆𐬨‎ (zəm, acc.)
    • Kurdish:
      • Northern Kurdish: zevî (zavī)
      • Central Kurdish: زەوی‎ (zawī)
      • Southern Kurdish: زەۊ‎ (zaü)
    • Ossetian: зӕхх (zæxx)
    • Middle Persian: zmyk' (zamīg)
      • Persian: زمی‎ (zami), زمین‎ (zamin)
• Tocharian: *tken
  • Tocharian A: tkaṃ
  • Tocharian B: keṃ

• Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 859f
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “c‘amak‘”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 621–623