χθαμαλός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰemelo-, from *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) (whence χθών (khthṓn)). Cognate with Latin humilis, Phrygian ζεμελως (zemelōs, “man”).

Same Proto-Indo-European root gave both the nouns for man and earth (Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm); compare Latin homō (“human being, man”) and humus (“ground, soil”), and similar semantic shift occurring in Semitic languages: Hebrew אָדָם‎ (adám, “man”), אדמה‎ (adamá, “soil”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰtʰa.ma.lós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kʰtʰa.maˈlos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /xθa.maˈlos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /xθa.maˈlos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /xθa.maˈlos/

Adjective

χθᾰμᾰλός • (khthamalós) m (feminine χθᾰμᾰλή, neuter χθᾰμᾰλόν); first/second declension

Inflection

First and second declension of χθᾰμᾰλός; χθᾰμᾰλή; χθᾰμᾰλόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	χθᾰμᾰλός khthamalós	χθᾰμᾰλή khthamalḗ	χθᾰμᾰλόν khthamalón	χθᾰμᾰλώ khthamalṓ	χθᾰμᾰλᾱ́ khthamalā́	χθᾰμᾰλώ khthamalṓ	χθᾰμᾰλοί khthamaloí	χθᾰμᾰλαί khthamalaí	χθᾰμᾰλᾰ́ khthamalá
Genitive	χθᾰμᾰλοῦ khthamaloû	χθᾰμᾰλῆς khthamalês	χθᾰμᾰλοῦ khthamaloû	χθᾰμᾰλοῖν khthamaloîn	χθᾰμᾰλαῖν khthamalaîn	χθᾰμᾰλοῖν khthamaloîn	χθᾰμᾰλῶν khthamalôn	χθᾰμᾰλῶν khthamalôn	χθᾰμᾰλῶν khthamalôn
Dative	χθᾰμᾰλῷ khthamalôi	χθᾰμᾰλῇ khthamalêi	χθᾰμᾰλῷ khthamalôi	χθᾰμᾰλοῖν khthamaloîn	χθᾰμᾰλαῖν khthamalaîn	χθᾰμᾰλοῖν khthamaloîn	χθᾰμᾰλοῖς khthamaloîs	χθᾰμᾰλαῖς khthamalaîs	χθᾰμᾰλοῖς khthamaloîs
Accusative	χθᾰμᾰλόν khthamalón	χθᾰμᾰλήν khthamalḗn	χθᾰμᾰλόν khthamalón	χθᾰμᾰλώ khthamalṓ	χθᾰμᾰλᾱ́ khthamalā́	χθᾰμᾰλώ khthamalṓ	χθᾰμᾰλούς khthamaloús	χθᾰμᾰλᾱ́ς khthamalā́s	χθᾰμᾰλᾰ́ khthamalá
Vocative	χθᾰμᾰλέ khthamalé	χθᾰμᾰλή khthamalḗ	χθᾰμᾰλόν khthamalón	χθᾰμᾰλώ khthamalṓ	χθᾰμᾰλᾱ́ khthamalā́	χθᾰμᾰλώ khthamalṓ	χθᾰμᾰλοί khthamaloí	χθᾰμᾰλαί khthamalaí	χθᾰμᾰλᾰ́ khthamalá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	χθᾰμᾰλῶς khthamalôs			χθᾰμᾰλώτερος khthamalṓteros			χθᾰμᾰλώτᾰτος khthamalṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.