欠ける

Japanese
Kanji in this term
欠
Grade: 4

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

欠ける (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 缺ける, intransitive, ichidan conjugation, hiragana かける, rōmaji kakeru)

Japanese verb pair
active 欠く
mediopassive 欠ける
  1. be damaged, be broken
    奥歯 (おくば)が欠 (か)けた
    okuba ga kaketa
    broke a back tooth
    (literally, “a back tooth broke”)
  2. be missing, to lack
    能力 (のうりょく)が欠 (か)けている
    nōryoku ga kaketeiru
    lacking ability
    (literally, “ability is lacking”)
  3. be insufficient, be short
    人 (じん)権 (けん)意識 (いしき)に欠 (か)けた
    jinken ishiki ni kaketa
    lacking [sufficient] awareness of human rights
    (literally, “lacking towards awareness of human rights”)
  4. for the moon to wane
    欠 (か)けた月 (つき)
    kaketa tsuki
    waning moon
    月 (つき)が欠 (か)けているように見 (み)える
    tsuki ga kaketeiru yō ni mieru
    it looks as if the moon is waning

Conjugation
Conjugation of "欠ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 欠け かけ kake
Continuative (連用形) 欠け かけ kake
Terminal (終止形) 欠ける かける kakeru
Attributive (連体形) 欠ける かける kakeru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 欠けれ かけれ kakere
Imperative (命令形) 欠けよ¹
欠けろ²		 かけよ¹
かけろ²		 kakeyo¹
kakero²
Key constructions
Passive 欠けられる かけられる kakerareru
Causative 欠けさせる
欠けさす		 かけさせる
かけさす		 kakesaseru
kakesasu
Potential 欠けられる
欠けれる³		 かけられる
かけれる³		 kakerareru
kakereru³
Volitional 欠けよう かけよう kakeyō
Negative 欠けない
欠けぬ
欠けん		 かけない
かけぬ
かけん		 kakenai
kakenu
kaken
Negative continuative 欠けず かけず kakezu
Formal 欠けます かけます kakemasu
Perfective 欠けた かけた kaketa
Conjunctive 欠けて かけて kakete
Hypothetical conditional 欠ければ かければ kakereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "欠く" (カ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 欠けかけkake
Continuative (連用形) 欠けかけkake
Terminal (終止形) 欠くかくkaku
Attributive (連体形) 欠くるかくるkakuru
Realis (已然形) 欠くれかくれkakure
Imperative (命令形) 欠けよかけよkakeyo
Key constructions
Negative 欠けずかけずkakezu
Contrasting conjunction 欠くれどかくれどkakuredo
Causal conjunction 欠くればかくればkakureba
Conditional conjunction 欠けばかけばkakeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 欠けきかけきkakeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 欠けけりかけけりkakekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 欠けつかけつkaketu
Perfect tense (natural event) 欠けぬかけぬkakenu
Perfect-continuative tense 欠けたりかけたりkaketari

References
  1. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  2. Hirayama, Tetsuo (1960) 全国アクセント辞典 (Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: 東京堂,.
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