Voiced bilabial trill

The voiced bilabial trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is ⟨ʙ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is B\.

"Bilabial trill" redirects here. For the voiceless consonant, see Voiceless bilabial trill.
"ʙ" redirects here. For the Cyrillic letter, see Ve (Cyrillic).
Voiced bilabial trill
ʙ
IPA Number121
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ʙ
Unicode (hex)U+0299
X-SAMPAB\
Braille
Audio sample
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Features

Features of the voiced bilabial trill:

  • Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates. In most instances, it is only found as the trilled release of a prenasalized stop.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.

Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Kele[1] [ᵐʙulim] 'face'
Komi-Permyak[2] [ʙuɲgag] 'dung beetle' Generally paralinguistic. This is the only true word it is found in.
Lizu[3][4] [tʙ̩˥˩] 'bean' Syllabic; allophone of /u/ after initial /pʰ, p, b, tʰ, t, d/.[3]
Medumba [mʙʉ́] 'dog'
Ngwe Lebang dialect [àʙɨ́ ́] 'ash'
Nias simbi [siʙi] 'lower jaw'
Pirahã kaoáíbogi [kàò̯áí̯ʙòˈɡì] 'evil spirit' Allophone of /b/ before /o/
Pumi[4] [pʙ̩˥] 'to dig' Syllabic; allophone of /ə/ after /pʰ, p, b, tʰ, t, d/.
Titan[1] [ᵐʙutukei] 'wooden plate'
Unua[5] [ᵐʙue] 'pig'
Sangtam [t ͡ʙʰʌ ̀][6] 'plate' Phonemic, as /t ͡ʙ/, found in /t ͡ʙaŋ/ 'needle'[6]

The Knorkator song "[Buchstabe]" (the actual title is a glyph) on the 1999 album Hasenchartbreaker uses a similar sound to replace "br" in a number of German words (e.g. [ˈʙaːtkaʁtɔfəln] for Bratkartoffeln).

In New Guinea, the bilabial trill is found in Kwomtari and Sko languages, as well as in the Kilmeri language.[7] In Vanuatu, it is found in several languages of Malekula: Ahamb,[8] Ninde, Unua.

Phonology

In many of the languages in which the bilabial trill occurs, it occurs only as part of a prenasalized bilabial stop with trilled release, [mbʙ]. That developed historically from a prenasalized stop before a relatively high back vowel like [mbu]. In such instances, the sounds are usually still limited to the environment of a following [u]. However, the trills in Mangbetu may precede any vowel and are sometimes preceded by only a nasal.

See also

Notes
  1. Ladefoged (2005:165)
  2. Wichmann, Yrjö; Uotila, T. E. (1942). Syrjänischer Wortschatz nebst Hauptzügen der Formenlehre. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
  3. Chirkova & Chen (2013:78)
  4. Chirkova, Katia (2012). "The Qiangic Subgroup from an Areal Perspective: A Case Study of Languages of Muli" (Archive). In Languages and Linguistics 13(1):133-170. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
  5. Dimock (2005:19)
  6. Coupe, Alexander (2016), "Prestopped bilabial trills in Sangtam", Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Glasgow, 10-14 August 2015.
  7. Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  8. Rangelov, Tihomir (2019). The bilabial trills of Ahamb (Vanuatu): acoustic and articulatory properties.

References
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