Timeline of the Warring States and the Qin dynasty

This is a timeline of the Warring States period (481 BC to 403) and the Qin state (9th century BC–221 BC) and dynasty (221 BC–206 BC).

Expansion of the Qin dynasty

9th century BC

YearDateEvent
897 BCHorse breeder Feizi is given the fief of Qin in modern Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County[1]
858 BCFeizi dies and is succeeded by the Marquis of Qin
848 BCThe Marquis of Qin dies and is succeeded by Gongbo
845 BCGongbo dies and is succeeded by Qin Zhong
822 BCQin Zhong is killed in battle by the Xirong[1] and is succeeded by Duke Zhuang of Qin

8th century BC

YearDateEvent
778 BCDuke Zhuang of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Xiang of Qin
770 BCDuke Xiang of Qin sends an army to protect King Ping of Zhou[2]
766 BCDuke Xiang of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Wen of Qin
753 BCAnnalists are established in Qin[3]
750 BCQin defeats the Xirong in battle and annexes the land they occupied[2]
716 BCDuke Wen of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Xian of Qin
704 BCDuke Xian of Qin dies and is succeeded by Chuzi I

7th century BC

YearDateEvent
698 BCChuzi I is assassinated and succeeded by Duke Wu of Qin
688 BCThe county (縣 xiàn) is mentioned for the first time in Qin[4]
678 BCDuke Wu of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke De of Qin
Qin starts practicing human sacrifice at burials[3]
677 BCQin moves its capital to Yong in modern Fengxiang[1]
676 BCDuke De of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Xuan of Qin
664 BCDuke Xuan of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Cheng of Qin
660 BCDuke Cheng of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Mu of Qin
650 BCEarliest archaeological evidence of crossbows[5]
645 BCQin annexes Jin territory west of the Yellow River[2]
623 BCQin deals a major defeat to the Xirong and expands further west[1]
621 BCDuke Mu of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Kang of Qin
609 BCDuke Kang of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Gong of Qin
604 BCDuke Gong of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Huan of Qin

6th century BC

YearDateEvent
577 BCDuke Huan of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Jing of Qin
544 BCSunzi is born
537 BCDuke Jing of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Ai of Qin
513 BCPenal laws are inscribed on iron tripod vessels in Qin[6]
501 BCDuke Ai of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Hui I of Qin

5th century BC

YearDateEvent
500 BCCast iron tools[7]
496 BCSunzi dies
492 BCDuke Hui I of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Dao of Qin
479 BCKongfuzi dies[8]
477 BCDuke Dao of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Ligong of Qin
473 BCBattle of Li River: Goujian of Yue attacks Fuchai of Wu while their forces are out on an expedition against Lu and Qi, resulting in the annexation of Wu[9]
470 BCMozi is born
462 BCQin seizes Wangcheng[10]
447 BCChu (state) conquers Cai
443 BCDuke Ligong of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Zao of Qin
440 BCWu Qi is born
430 BCThe Xirong attack Qin[1]
429 BCDuke Zao of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Huai of Qin
425 BCDuke Huai of Qin kills himself and is succeeded by Duke Ling of Qin
418 BCQi annexes Xue
415 BCDuke Ling of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Jian of Qin
412 BCQin goes to war with Wei[11]
408 BCFirst recorded grain tax in Qin[2]

4th century BC

YearDateEvent
400 BCDuke Jian of Qin dies and is succeeded by Duke Hui II of Qin
The commandery (郡 jùn) is mentioned for the first time in Wei[12]
Iron plough[6]
391 BCMozi dies
390 BCShang Yang is born
387 BCDuke Hui II of Qin dies and is succeeded by Chuzi II
385 BCChuzi II is killed and succeeded by Duke Xian of Qin (424–362 BC)
Wei conquers Qin territory west of the Yellow River[2]
384 BCQin officially bans the practice of human sacrifice at burials[3]
381 BCWu Qi dies
375 BCHan conquers Zheng
372 BCMencius is born
369 BCChu conquers Zou
Zhuang Zhou is born
362 BCDuke Xian of Qin (424–362 BC) dies and is succeeded by Duke Xiao of Qin[11]
350 BCQin moves its capital to Xianyang[1]
Qin creates 31 counties to be administrated by centrally appointed magistrates[13]
Qin abolishes the fixed land tenure system[13]
344 BCQin standardizes weights and measures[14]
340 BCQin retakes territory lost to Wei[11]
338 BCDuke Xiao of Qin dies and is succeeded by King Huiwen of Qin
Shang Yang is killed[11]
336 BCQin issues its first currency[8]
334 BCChu conquers Yue
326 BCQin starts celebrating the New Year[3]
317 BCQin defeats the coalition army of Han, Zhao, and Wei[15]
316 BCQin annexes Shu and Ba[16]
315 BCQin captures 25 settlements from the Xirong[1]
313 BCXun Kuang is born
312 BCQin defeats a Chu army[15]
311 BCKing Huiwen of Qin dies and is succeeded by King Wu of Qin
309 BCQin creates the offices of chancellors of the right and left[14]
307 BCKing Wu of Qin dies and is succeeded by King Zhaoxiang of Qin

3rd century BC

YearDateEvent
297 BCSong conquers Teng
296 BCZhao conquers Zhongshan
289 BCMencius dies
286 BCQi conquers Song
Zhuang Zhou dies
280 BCHan Fei is born
278 BCQin sacks Ying, the capital of Chu[15]
272 BCQin annexes Yiqu
266 BCAccording to a noble in Wei, "Qin has the same customs as the Rong and Di [barbarians]. It has the heart of a tiger or a wolf... It knows nothing about traditional mores, proper relationships, and virtuous conduct."[1]
262 BCBattle of Changping: Qin deals a major defeat to Zhao[17]
256 BCQin annexes Eastern Zhou[14]
Li Bing constructs the Dujiangyan[18]
250 BCKing Zhaoxiang of Qin dies and is succeeded by King Xiaowen of Qin and then King Zhuangxiang of Qin
249 BCChu conquers Lu
247 BC7 MayKing Zhuangxiang of Qin dies and is succeeded by King Zheng of Qin
246 BCThe Zhengguo Canal is constructed[19]
238 BCXun Kuang dies
233 BCHan Fei is killed[19]
230 BCQin annexes Han[20]
228 BCQin annexes Zhao[20]
227 BCJing Ke fails to assassinate King Zheng of Qin[20]
225 BCQin annexes Wei[20]
223 BCQin annexes Chu[20]
222 BCQin annexes Yan[20]
221 BCQin annexes Qi[20]
King Zheng of Qin becomes the First Emperor of Qin[21]
Meng Tian starts construction of the Great Wall of China[22]
220 BCConstruction of imperial highways begins[23]
219 BCThe emperor gets mad at a mountain god, so he orders the mountain to be denuded and painted red[24]
The Lingqu "magic transport" canal is constructed, linking the Changjiang to Dongting Lake[25]
214 BCQin's campaign against the Xiongnu: Meng Tian defeats the Xiongnu and conquers the Ordos region[26]
Qin's campaign against the Yue tribes: Qin expands into modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, adding four new commanderies to the empire[26]
Colonists are sent to Guilin, Xiang, and Nanhai[27]
213 BCBurning of books and burying of scholars
Colonists are sent to modern Guangdong and northern Vietnam[27]
212 BCConstruction of the Epang Palace begins[26]
Construction of the Qin Mausoleum begins[26]
211 BCAn inauspicious comet is sighted, causing the emperor to kill everyone around the area where it fell[28]
Colonists are sent to Ordos[27]
210 BCXu Fu returns from his voyage to find the elixir of life and blames his failure on sea monsters so the emperor goes fishing[28]
10 SeptemberThe First Emperor of Qin dies[29]
OctoberZhao Gao and Li Si enthrone the Second Emperor of Qin; the brother Fusu kills himself and Meng Tian is imprisoned[29]
209 BCQin annexes Wey
Dazexiang uprising: Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rebel[30]
208 BCJanuaryDazexiang uprising: Chen Sheng and Wu Guang are assassinated but the rebellion continues under other leaders such as Liu Bang and Xiang Yu[31]
AugustLi Si is killed[31]
207 BCAugustBattle of Julu: Qin general Zhang Han surrenders to Xiang Yu[31]
OctoberThe Second Emperor of Qin kills himself and Zhao Gao replaces him with Ziying, who stabs Zhao to death[31]
NovemberZiying surrenders to Liu Bang; so ends the Qin dynasty[31]

See also

Citations

  1. Twitchett 2008, p. 31.
  2. Twitchett 2008, p. 33.
  3. Twitchett 2008, p. 32.
  4. Twitchett 2008, p. 25.
  5. Loades 2018.
  6. Twitchett 2008, p. 23.
  7. Ebrey 2005, p. 30.
  8. Twitchett 2008, p. 29.
  9. Whiting 2002, p. 62.
  10. Whiting 2002, p. 63.
  11. Twitchett 2008, p. 34.
  12. Twitchett 2008, p. 26.
  13. Twitchett 2008, p. 35.
  14. Twitchett 2008, p. 38.
  15. Peers 2013, p. 59.
  16. Twitchett 2008, p. 40.
  17. Twitchett 2008, p. 99.
  18. Twitchett 2008, p. 45.
  19. Twitchett 2008, p. 44.
  20. Twitchett 2008, p. 46.
  21. Twitchett 2008, p. 53.
  22. Twitchett 2008, p. 62.
  23. Twitchett 2008, p. 61.
  24. Twitchett 2008, p. 80.
  25. Twitchett 2008, p. 65.
  26. Twitchett 2008, p. 64.
  27. Twitchett 2008, p. 66.
  28. Twitchett 2008, p. 79.
  29. Twitchett 2008, p. 82.
  30. Twitchett 2008, p. 83.
  31. Twitchett 2008, p. 84.

Bibliography

  • Ebrey, Patricia (2005), China: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Wadsworth Publishing
  • Loades, Mike (2018), The Crossbow, Osprey
  • Peers, C.J. (2006), Soldiers of the Dragon: Chinese Armies 1500 BC - AD 1840, Osprey Publishing Ltd
  • Peers, Chris (2013), Battles of Ancient China, Pen & Sword Military
  • Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China 1, Cambridge University Press
  • Whiting, Marvin C. (2002), Imperial Chinese Military History, Writers Club Press
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