Timeline of Vietnam under Chinese rule
This is a timeline of Vietnamese history until the end of the Chinese era.
3rd century BC
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 257 BC | Thục Phán of the Âu Việt invades Văn Lang and creates Âu Lạc[1] | |
| 207 BC | Qin general Zhao Tuo captures the Cổ Loa Citadel and defeats Âu Lạc, creating the two administrative regions of Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) and Jiuzhen (Cửu Chân)[1] | |
| 203 BC | Zhao Tuo declares himself king of Nanyue (Nam Việt)[1] | |
| Nanyue conquers Guilin |
2nd century BC
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 198 BC | Two legates are assigned to oversee affairs in Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen[2] | |
| 181 BC | Nanyue attacks Changsha[3] | |
| 179 BC | Zhao Tuo dies and is succeeded by Zhao Mo | |
| 122 BC | Zhao Mo dies and is succeeded by Zhao Xing | |
| 111 BC | Han conquest of Nanyue: Han general Lu Bode conquers Nanyue and separates it into Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, Cangwu, Nanhai, Yulin, Hepu, Dan'er, and Zhuya[4] |
1st century BC
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 48 BC | Rinan is created (Nhật Nam) |
1st century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Census records for Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, and Rinan record 143,643 households and a population of 981,755[5] | |
| 40 | Trung sisters' rebellion: Yue tribes rebel in Jiaozhi[6] | |
| 42 | Trung sisters' rebellion: Ma Yuan leads an expedition to Jiaozhi[7] | |
| 43 | Trung sisters' rebellion: The Trưng Sisters are decapitated[6] |
2nd century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | A rebellion in Jiaozhi is put down[8] | |
| 136 | People known as the Qulian from beyond the southern frontier attack Rinan Commandery, causing turmoil and confusion[9] | |
| 137 | Rinan rebels[8] | |
| 144 | Rinan rebels[8] | |
| 157 | Chu Đạt rebels in Jiuzhen Commandery and is defeated[10] | |
| 160 | Shi Ci becomes administrator of Rinan[8] | |
| 190 | Shi Ci's son Shi Xie appoints his brothers Shi Yi, Shi Wei, and Shi Wu as administrators of Hepu, Jiuzhen, and Nanhai[11] | |
| 192 | The southernmost district of Rinan Commandery, Xianglin, breaks away and becomes the Kingdom of Lâm Ấp, otherwise known as Champa[12] |
3rd century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 211 | Shi Xie submits to Sun Quan's overlordship[11] | |
| 217 | Shi Xie sends his son Shi Xin to Sun Quan as hostage[11] | |
| 226 | Shi Xie dies and Sun Quan's general Lü Dai kills his family[11]; Shi Xie, also called Sĩ Nhiếp in Vietnamese, is remembered today in Vietnam as the father of education and Buddhism - according to Stephen O'Harrow, he was essentially "the first Vietnamese"[13] | |
| 248 | Lâm Ấp (probably Champa) seizes Rinan while Lady Triệu rebels unsuccessfully against Sun Wu[13] |
4th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 347 | Lâm Ấp invades Jiaozhi but is repulsed by the Jin dynasty (265–420)[14] | |
| 359 | Lâm Ấp is defeated[14] | |
| 377 | Li Xun seizes Jiuzhen[14] | |
| 380 | Teng Dunzhi becomes governor of Jiaozhi after Du Yuan kills Li Xun[14] | |
| 399 | Du Yuan becomes governor of Jiaozhi and defeats a Lâm Ấp invasion[14] |
5th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 405 | Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[15] | |
| 410 | Du Yuan dies and is succeeded by Du Huidu[14] | |
| 411 | A rebel army under Lu Xun attempts to seize control over Jiaozhi but fails[16] | |
| 413 | Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[15] | |
| 415 | Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[15] | |
| 423 | Du Huidu dies and is succeeded by Du Hongwen[14] | |
| 424 | Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[15] | |
| 427 | Du Hongwen leaves Jiaozhi for the court after receiving an appointment[14] | |
| 443 | Tan Hezhi, governor of Jiaozhi, starts recruiting an army[17] | |
| 446 | Tan Hezhi invades Lâm Ấp and pushes them back to the area around modern Da Nang[17] |
6th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 541 | Lý Bôn rebels and attacks Liang officials[18] | |
| 544 | February | Lý Bôn establishes the Early Lý dynasty and becomes Lý Nam Đế (Southern Emperor)[19] |
| 545 | Chen Baxian drives Lý Nam Đế into the mountains, where he is eventually killed, but resistance continues under Lý Thiên Bảo[19] | |
| 550 | Triệu Việt Vương expels Liang forces from Vạn Xuân | |
| 555 | Lý Thiên Bảo dies and is succeeded by Hậu Lý Nam Đế | |
| 571 | Hậu Lý Nam Đế defeats Triệu Việt Vương |
7th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 602 | Sui–Former Lý War: Sui forces under Liu Fang annex the Early Lý dynasty[20] | |
| 679 | Jiaozhi is renamed Annan (An Nam)[21] | |
| 687 | Lý Tự Tiên and Đinh Kiến revolt at Đại La in response to a raise in harvest tax[22] |
8th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 722 | Mai Thúc Loan rebels in Annan and is defeated[23] | |
| 767 | Sea people invade Annan and are defeated[23] | |
| 785 | Phùng Hưng rebels in Annan[24] | |
| 791 | Tang regains control of Annan[24] |
9th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 803 | Champa seizes southern Annan[25] | |
| 846 | Nanzhao raids Annan[25] | |
| 858 | Rebellion breaks out in Annan and is put down[26] | |
| 861 | Nanzhao attacks Bo Prefecture and Annan but is repulsed.[27] | |
| 863 | Nanzhao conquers Annan[28] | |
| 866 | Gao Pian retakes Annan from Nanzhao[28] | |
| 880 | Zeng Gun withdraws Tang troops from the south and relinquishes control over Annan[29] |
10th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 907 | The Khúc clan takes control of Annan and establishes tributary relations with Later Liang[29] | |
| 930 | Southern Han invades Annan and removes the Khúc clan from power[30] | |
| 931 | Dương Đình Nghệ expels Southern Han from Đại La and declares himself governor[30] | |
| 937 | Kiều Công Tiễn kills Dương Đình Nghệ and calls Southern Han into a war against his enemies in the southern provinces, however Đình Nghệ's son-in-law Ngô Quyền murders Công Tiễn[31] | |
| 938 | Battle of Bạch Đằng: Ngô Quyền defeats the Southern Han fleet[31] | |
| 939 | Ngô Quyền declares his own Ngô dynasty at Cổ Loa Citadel[31] |
Gallery
Yue/Viet tribes pre-Han conquest
Han conquest of Nanyue in 112 BC
Han dynasty Vietnam under Jiaozhi
Citations
- Taylor 2013, p. 14-16.
- Taylor 2013, p. 17.
- Twitchett 2008, p. 136.
- Twitchett 2008, p. 453.
- Taylor 2013, p. 18.
- Twitchett 2008, p. 271.
- Taylor 2013, p. 22.
- Taylor 2013, p. 27.
- Taylor 1983, p. 48.
- Taylor 1983, p. 50.
- Crespigny 2007, p. 739.
- Taylor 1983, p. 47.
- Taylor 2013, p. 29.
- Taylor 2013, p. 31.
- Taylor 2013, p. 32.
- Taylor 2013, p. 23.
- Taylor 2013, p. 33.
- Taylor 2013, p. 34.
- Taylor 2013, p. 35.
- Taylor 2013.
- Xiong 2009, p. 44.
- Taylor 2013, p. 38.
- Taylor 2013, p. 39.
- Taylor 2013, p. 40.
- Taylor 2013, p. 41.
- Taylor 2013, p. 42.
- Herman 2007, p. 36.
- Xiong 2009, p. cxiv.
- Taylor 2013, p. 44.
- Taylor 2013, p. 45.
- Taylor 2013, p. 46.
Bibliography
- Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
- Taylor, Jay (1983), The Birth of the Vietnamese, University of California Press
- Taylor, K.W. (2013), A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge University Press
- Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China 1, Cambridge University Press
- Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 978-0810860537
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