Sulaiman Khan Karrani

Full name
	Sulaiman Khan Karrani

Sulaiman Karrani
Sulaiman Karrani
Sultan of Bengal
Reign	1565-1572
Coronation	1565
Predecessor	Taj Khan Karrani
Successor	Bayazid Khan Karrani
Died	11 October 1572; Bengal Sultanate
Issue	Bayazid, Daud and one daughter
Full name
	Sulaiman Khan Karrani
House	Karrani
Religion	Sunni Islam

Sulaiman Khan Karrani (Bengali: সুলায়মান খান কররানী, Persian: سليمان خان کرانی‎; reigned: 1565–1572) was a Sultan of Bengal. He ascended to the throne after the death of his brother Taj Khan Karrani.[1] According to the Riyaz-us-Salatin, he shifted the seat of government from Gaur to Tanda.[2]

Sulaiman, his brother Taj and Sulaiman's sons Bayazid and Daud Khan Karrani ran a short-lived Afghan vassal state of Mughal emperor Akbar in Bengal. They dominated the area while Sulaiman paid homage to the Akbar. The Afghans defeated by Akbar began to flock under his flag. The Afghans were not technically the rulers of Bengal, the post was primarily nominal.

Relation with Akbar

Sulaiman Khan Karrani did not establish his own coinage during his reign, an act that would have been tantamount to declaring statehood to the ruling Mughals.[1] He also honored Akbar as the supreme ruler of Bengal by requiring that mosques read Akbar's name in the Khutbah, the sermon at the Friday congregational prayers in Bengal.[1] Historians cite these acts as keeping the diplomatic peace between Bengal and Mughal Empire during Akbar's lifetime.[1]

Conquest of Odisha

Though northern India and parts of southern India were ruled by the Muslim rulers, they had not yet been able to conquer Odisha. In 1568 Sulaiman Khan sent his son Bayazid Khan Karrani and the famous general Kalapahad (Kala Pahar) against the last Odia Gajapati king Mukunda Deva. After a few major battles against the Odias, and aided by civil war elsewhere in Odisha, Sulaiman was able to bring the entire area under his rule. Kalapahad sacked the Jagannath temple and took Puri under control. Sulaiman Karrani appointed Ismail Khan Lodhi as Governor of Odisha and Qutlu Khan Lohani as Governor of Puri respectively.[3][4]

Conquest of Koch Bihar

Sulaiman Khan Karrani then sent general Kala Pahar against the Kamata (later Koch Bihar under the Mughals) king Vishwa Singha. Kala Pahar crossed the Brahmaputra River and advanced as far as Tejpur (modern-day Dinajpur District, Bangladesh). Kala Pahar defeated and captured the Kamata general Shukladhwaja, third son of Bishwa Singha. Later Shukladhwaja was released and then he regained Koch Bihar with further expansion

Death and succession

After a tranquil and peaceful ruling for seven years Sulaiman Karrani died on 11 October 1572, leaving his empire to his son, Bayazid Khan Karrani .

Religion

Sulaiman was a pious Muslim living a life observing all religious rituals. He built the Sona mosque in old Maldah.[3]

The historian `Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni mentions that every morning Sulaiman would hold a devotional meeting with 150 Shaikhs and Ulama and only thereafter would go about transaction of state business [5]

Preceded by Taj Khan Karrani	Karrani dynasty 1565-1572	Succeeded by Bayazid Khan Karrani

References

Hasan, Perween (2007). Sultans and Mosques: The Early Muslim Architecture of Bangladesh. I.B.Tauris. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-1-84511-381-0. When Taj Khan died in 1565 ... his brother Sulayman succeeded him. During Sultan Sulayman's reign from 1565 to 1572 ... He diplomatically kept the Mughal emperor Akbar placated by reading his [Akbar's] name from the pulpit on Fridays (khutba), and never striking his own coins ... When Daud, Sulayman's son took over he started striking his own coins and had his own name read in the khutba, acts tantamount to official declaration of independence.
Eaton, Richard M. (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 140–2. ISBN 0-520-20507-3.
Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Sulaiman Karrani". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
"Brief History of the Family". Prithimpassa Nawab Family. Archived from the original on 15 Jul 2011.
Abul Fazl Allami (translated by H. Blochman) (1873). Ain i Akbari. Calcutta.

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[Hasan2007-1] Hasan, Perween (2007). Sultans and Mosques: The Early Muslim Architecture of Bangladesh. I.B.Tauris. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-1-84511-381-0. When Taj Khan died in 1565 ... his brother Sulayman succeeded him. During Sultan Sulayman's reign from 1565 to 1572 ... He diplomatically kept the Mughal emperor Akbar placated by reading his [Akbar's] name from the pulpit on Fridays (khutba), and never striking his own coins ... When Daud, Sulayman's son took over he started striking his own coins and had his own name read in the khutba, acts tantamount to official declaration of independence.

[2] Eaton, Richard M. (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 140–2. ISBN 0-520-20507-3.

[bpedia-3] Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Sulaiman Karrani". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 14 June 2020.

[4] "Brief History of the Family". Prithimpassa Nawab Family. Archived from the original on 15 Jul 2011.

[5] Abul Fazl Allami (translated by H. Blochman) (1873). Ain i Akbari. Calcutta.