September 1931
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The following events occurred in September 1931:
September 1, 1931 (Tuesday)
- Chilean naval mutiny: Chilean Navy crews stationed at Coquimbo revolted against proposed reductions in salaries.[1]
- In a suburb of Havana at 2:20 in the morning, a large bomb exploded at the branch of the Royal Bank of Canada. The blast caused several thousand dollars worth of damage.[2]
- Born: Cecil Parkinson, politician, in Carnforth, England; Javier Solís, singer and actor, in Tacubaya, Mexico City, Mexico (d. 1966)
September 2, 1931 (Wednesday)
- The Italian government announced a surprise agreement with the Vatican allowing Azione Cattolica to operate as long as it abstained from politics and did not compete with the interests of the state in any way.[3]
- The Chilean cabinet resigned over the naval mutiny crisis.[4]
September 3, 1931 (Thursday)
- King Alexander I of Yugoslavia issued the Yugoslav Constitution by decree.[5]
- The German stock exchange reopened for the first time since being shut on July 13.[6]
- The P. G. Wodehouse novel If I Were You was first published.
September 4, 1931 (Friday)
- Jimmy Doolittle set a new transcontinental flight record of 11 hours 15 minutes.[7]
- Born: Mitzi Gaynor, actress, singer and dancer, in Chicago, Illinois
September 5, 1931 (Saturday)
- The Chilean military attacked the mutinous naval base of Talcahuano.[8]
- By an 8–7 vote the World Court ruled that the Austro-German customs agreement violated the 1922 Protocol for the reconstruction of Austria.[9]
- Died: John Thomson, 22, Scottish footballer (on-field injury)
September 6, 1931 (Sunday)
- The Chilean Air Force bombed the rebel warships at Coquimbo.[10]
- Hack Wilson was suspended by the Chicago Cubs for the rest of the season for "failure to observe training rules".[11]
September 7, 1931 (Monday)
September 8, 1931 (Tuesday)
- Ramsay MacDonald's First National ministry passed its first test in the British House of Commons, winning a vote of confidence 309-250. The Labour Party voted solidly against the new government.[13]
- Born: Jack Rosenthal, playwright, in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, England (d. 2004)
September 9, 1931 (Wednesday)
September 10, 1931 (Thursday)
- A hurricane struck British Honduras, killing about 2,500 people.[5]
- Born: Philip Baker Hall, actor, in Toledo, Ohio
- Died: Salvatore Maranzano, 45, Sicilian-born American mob boss (assassinated)
September 11, 1931 (Friday)
September 12, 1931 (Saturday)
- Mexico was admitted to the League of Nations.[16]
- Mahatma Gandhi arrived in London to attend the Round Table Conference on Indian independence. He took a small room at Kingsley Hall in the city's East End.[17]
- Born: Ian Holm, actor, in Goodmayes, Essex, England; George Jones, country musician, in Saratoga, Texas (d. 2013)
- Died: Francis J. Higginson, 88, U.S. Navy officer
September 13, 1931 (Sunday)
- A train near Biatorbágy, Hungary was sabotaged by a viaduct explosion, killing 22. Authorities blamed communists,[18] but a mentally disturbed man by the name of Szilveszter Matuska was later convicted of the crime.[19]
- Austrian troops put down a Heimwehr revolt in the province of Styria.[20]
- Great Britain won the Schneider Trophy as Flight Lieut. George Stainforth set a new seaplane speed record of 386.1 mph.[21]
September 14, 1931 (Monday)
- The second Round Table Conference on Indian independence opened in London.[22]
- Born: Ken Rush, racing driver, in High Point, North Carolina (d. 2011)
September 15, 1931 (Tuesday)
- The Invergordon Mutiny began when sailors of the Royal Navy at Invergordon started refusing orders in protest against pay cuts.[5]
- The Philadelphia Athletics clinched their third straight American League pennant with a 14–3 victory over the Cleveland Indians.[23]
September 16, 1931 (Wednesday)
- The gangland killing known as the Collingwood Manor Massacre occurred in Detroit.
- The Texas Senate passed a resolution calling Louisiana Governor Huey Long a "consumate liar" for his statement that the Texas legislature had been bought off.[24]
- The Invergordon Mutiny ended when the British government made some concessions.[5]
- The St. Louis Cardinals clinched the National League pennant when the second-place New York Giants were eliminated by losing 7-3 to the Cincinnati Reds.[25]
- Died: Omar Mukhtar, 73, Libyan revolutionary (hanged)
September 17, 1931 (Thursday)
- RCA Victor introduced the LP record in a demonstration at the Savoy-Plaza Hotel in New York. However, they were too expensive at the time to be commercially successful.[5]
- Karlag, one of the largest forced labour camps in the Soviet Union, was established in the Kazakh SSR.[26]
- Born: Anne Bancroft, actress, in the Bronx, New York (d. 2005)
- Died: Marcello Amero D'Aste, 78, Italian admiral and politician; Marvin Hart, 55, American heavyweight boxing champion
September 18, 1931 (Friday
- The Mukden Incident occurred in China.
- Died: Geli Raubal, 23, half-niece of Adolf Hitler (suicid
September 19, 1931 (Saturday)
- The Japanese invasion of Manchuria began.
- In Clarksburg, West Virginia, an angry mob of 10,000 people tried to storm the county jail to get at Harry Powers. Police fired tear gas to bring the crowd under control.[27]
- Charles and Anne Lindbergh flew to Nanjing.[28]
- Died: David Starr Jordan, 80, American ichthyologist and activist
September 20, 1931 (Sunday)
- Britain decided to abandon the gold standard.[29]
- Died: Joan Beauchamp Procter, 34, English zoologist (cancer)
September 21, 1931 (Monday)
- The British emergency measure to suspend the gold standard was rushed through the House of Commons and House of Lords and granted royal assent all in the same day.[30]
- The German stock exchange was closed again.[31] It would not reopen until April 1932.[6]
- Born: Gertrude Alderfer, baseball player, in Kulpsville, Pennsylvania; Gloria Cordes, baseball player, in Staten Island, New York; Larry Hagman, actor, in Fort Worth, Texas (d. 2012)
September 22, 1931 (Tuesday)
- Charlie Chaplin visited Mahatma Gandhi in Canning Town, London.[32]
- Born: Leo Labine, ice hockey player, in Haileybury, Ontario, Canada (d. 2005); Fay Weldon, writer, in Birmingham, England; George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie, politician and banker, in Stirling, Scotland (d. 2003)
September 23, 1931 (Wednesday)
- The Soviet Union notified Japan of its disapproval of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Foreign Affairs Comissar Maxim Litvinov told the Japanese minister that the Soviet government was displeased at not being informed ahead of time and that the conflict could have been settled through compromise.[33]
- Born: Gerald Merrithew, politician and statesman, in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada (d. 2004)
- Died: Asger Ostenfeld, 64, Danish civil engineer
September 24, 1931 (Thursday)
- Japan told the League of Nations that it would it begin to withdraw troops from Manchuria if the safety of Japanese residents in the area and their property was guaranteed.[34]
- Born: Anthony Newley, 67, English actor, singer and songwriter
September 25, 1931 (Friday)
- Mahatma Gandhi visited the Lancashire cotton mills. Despite the Indian boycott damaging the British textile industry, Gandhi was cheered by workers.[35]
- Scotland Yard raided the offices of the Daily Worker, the newspaper of the Communist Party of Great Britain, due to articles printed last week about the Invergordon Mutiny.[36]
- Born: Peggy Connelly, singer and actress, in Shreveport, Louisiana (d. 2007)
- Died: Aleksander Skrzyński, 49, 12th Prime Minister of the Second Polish Republic
September 26, 1931 (Saturday)
- A printer of the Daily Worker was brought into police court and charged with inciting mutiny.[36]
- The film Five Star Final starring Edward G. Robinson was released.[37]
- The comedy film Sidewalks of New York starring Buster Keaton was released.[38]
- Died: Albert Capellani, 57, French film director and screenwriter; Harry Macdonough, 60, Canadian singer and recording executive
September 27, 1931 (Sunday)
- Norway, Sweden and Egypt all abandoned the gold standard.[12]
- In local elections in Hamburg, the Social Democratic Party of Germany narrowly edged out the Nazi Party, winning 46 seats to the NSDAP's 43.[39]
- Edd Roush of the Cincinnati Reds played in the final game of his major league baseball career, going 2-for-3 with a triple and a walk in a 5–3 loss to the St. Louis Cardinals.[40]
September 28, 1931 (Monday)
- France and Germany created a new trade commission to improve trade relations between the two countries.[41]
- Denmark abandoned the gold standard.[12]
- Prague Zoo was opened.
- Born: John Gilmore, jazz saxophonist, in Summit, Mississippi (d. 1995)
- Died: Earl Little, 41, father of Malcolm X
September 29, 1931 (Tuesday)
- George Stainforth broke his own speed record by flying 408.8 mph.[12]
- The British Ministry of Labour reported 2.8 million out of work, a new record.[42]
- Huge crowds of unemployed poured into Westminster to protest. Many arrests were made as the demonstrators clashed with mounted police.[43]
- The Estevan Riot occurred in Estevan, Saskatchewan between the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and striking coal miners.
- Born: Eddie Barth, actor, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 2010); James Cronin, nuclear physicist and Nobel laureate, in Chicago, Illinois; Anita Ekberg, actress and model, in Malmö, Sweden (d. 2015)
September 30, 1931 (Wednesday)
- London police clashed again with unemployed outside the Bow Street police station and Magistrates' Court where those arrested in last night's disturbances were being tried.[44]
- Mahatma Gandhi met with Prime Minister MacDonald in London.[45]
- The British pound lost 20% of its value in the last ten days.[46]
- The film Alice in Wonderland, the first talking screen adaptation of the Lewis Carroll novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, was released.
- Born: Angie Dickinson actress, in Kulm, North Dakota; Wesley L. Fox, U.S. Marine Corps officer and Medal of Honor recipient, in Herndon, Virginia, Doris Akehurst,
- Died: Henry C. Warmoth, 89, American attorney, Civil War officer and 23rd Governor of Louisiana
References
- "Chilean Fleet Rebels Against Cut in Salaries". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 2, 1931. p. 3.
- "Bomb in Havana Wrecks Canada Branch Bank". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 2, 1931. p. 1.
- Darrah, David (September 3, 1931). "Church to Act with Fascism to Train Youth". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- "Chilean Cabinet Resigns; Plans State of Siege". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 3, 1931. p. 2.
- "1931". Music And History. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- Holtfrerich, Carl-Ludwig (1999). Frankfurt as a Financial Centre: From Medieval Trade Fair to European Banking Centre. Munich: C.H. Beck. p. 216. ISBN 978-3-406-45671-8.
- "Spans U. S. by Air: 11 1/4 Hours". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 5, 1931. p. 1.
- "Planes Sink Chile Warships". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 6, 1931. p. 1.
- "Customs Union Held Illegal by World Court". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 6, 1931. p. 7.
- "Air War Ends Chilean Revolt". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 7, 1931. p. 1.
- "Hack Wilson Suspended for Rest of Season". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 7, 1931. p. 19.
- Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
- Steele, John (September 9, 1931). "British House Backs Cabinet and M'Donald". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- "M'Donald Wins New Commons Vote, 306-212". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 9, 1931. p. 1.
- "Tageseinträge für 11. September 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- "Chronology 1931". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- Shirer, William (September 13, 1931). "London's Slums Titter at Weird Dress of Gandhi". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
- "Hunt Bombers of Train; 22 Killed and 21 Injured". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 14, 1931. p. 16.
- "Szilveszter Matuska". Routes and Cultures. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- "Austrian Troops Quell Dawn to Dusk Rebellion". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 14, 1931. p. 2.
- "Flies 386 Miles Per Hour; Sets World Record". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 14, 1931. p. 1.
- Shirer, William (September 15, 1931). "Gandhi Sits as Sphinx as India Parley Opens". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- "Macks Clinch Pennant with 14-3 Victory". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 16, 1931. p. 22.
- "Texas Senate Tags 'Liar' on Huey P. Long". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 17, 1931. p. 1.
- "St. Louis is Jubilant Over Cards' Title". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 17, 1931. p. 19.
- Доровская, Наталья. Историко-генеалогический словарь-справочник (in Russian). Наталья Доровская. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- "10,000 Try to Lynch Powers". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 20, 1931. p. 1.
- "Lindys Land in Nanking China; Fly Yellow Sea". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 19, 1931. p. 3.
- Steele, John (September 21, 1931). "British Suspend Gold Basis". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- Steele, John (September 22, 1931). "New Hope Pervades Britain". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- "Tageseinträge für 21. September 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- "Charlie Chaplin and Mr Gandhi". The Newham Story. Archived from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- Day, Donald (September 24, 1931). "Russia Angry; Warns Japan". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- Wales, Henry (September 25, 1931). "Japan Demands Guarantees in Row with China". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 14.
- Shirer, William (September 26, 1931). "Gandhi Inspects Havoc Wrought by His Boycott". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
- "Scotland Yard Raids Offices of Red Newspaper". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 27, 1931. p. 16.
- Aliperti, Cliff (August 14, 2012). "Smart Money (1931) Starring Edward G. Robinson and James Cagney". Immortal Ephemera. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- Knopf, Robert (1999). The Theater and Cinema of Buster Keaton. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-691-00441-2.
- "Tageseinträge für 27. September 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- "Edd Roush 1931 Batting Gamelogs". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- Schultz, Sigrid (September 29, 1931). "Paris Becomes Germany's Ally in Trade Fields". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- "2,811,615 British Out of Work; New High Record". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 30, 1931. p. 4.
- "Jobless Mobs Riot in London; Battle Police". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 30, 1931. p. 4.
- Steele, John (October 1, 1931). "London Jobless Renew Riots at Trial of Mates". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 5.
- "Round Table Conference and London". Gandhi Heritage Portal. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- "Tageseinträge für 30. September 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
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