Plattsburgh (city), New York

Plattsburgh is a city in and the seat of Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 19,989 at the 2010 census.[1] The population of the unincorporated areas within the surrounding (and separately incorporated) Town of Plattsburgh was 11,870 as of the 2010 census, making the combined population for all of Plattsburgh to be 31,859. Plattsburgh lies just to the northeast of Adirondack Park, immediately outside of the park boundaries. It is the second largest community in the North Country region (after Watertown), and serves as the main commercial hub for the sparsely populated northern Adirondack Mountains.

"Plattsburgh" redirects here. For the neighboring town of the same name, see Plattsburgh (town), New York. For other uses, see Plattsburgh (disambiguation).

Plattsburgh
City
City of Plattsburgh
MacDonough Monument in front of City Hall
Seal
Nickname(s): 
"The Lake City" "(La Ville sur le Lac)" "The Burgh"
Motto(s): 
Ipsa Sibi Præmium Virtus
("Virtue is its own reward.")
Map of the city
Location in Clinton County and the state of New York.
Coordinates: 44°41′43″N 73°27′30″W
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountyClinton
Settled1785
Incorporated1815 (village)
1902 (city)
Named forZephaniah Platt
Government
 • TypeMayor–council
 • MayorColin Read (D)
 • City Council
Area
 • Total6.6 sq mi (17.0 km2)
 • Land5.1 sq mi (13.1 km2)
 • Water1.5 sq mi (4.0 km2)  23.4%
Elevation
138 ft (42 m)
Population
 • Total19,989
 • Estimate 
(2019)[2]
19,515
 • Density3,000/sq mi (1,200/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
12901, 12903
Area code(s)518 838
FIPS code36-58574
GNIS feature ID0960698
WebsiteCityofPlattsburgh-NY.gov

Plattsburgh was the site of the amphibious Battle of Plattsburgh in the War of 1812, a key American victory that marked the end of hostilities in the Northern United States. It has been an important military outpost for much of its history, from hosting one of the largest Citizens' Military Training Camps prior to World War I, and Plattsburgh Air Force Base, the east coast center of operations for the Strategic Air Command during much of the Cold War period. The conversion of the base to a civilian airport in the 1990s resulted from the Base Realignment and Closure process during the wind down of the Cold War, and today it serves as a hub for economic development for the region. The city was named one of the Financial Times Top 10 Micro City of the Future several times.

Micropolitan statistical area

The city of Plattsburgh is the population center and county seat at the heart of the Plattsburgh Micropolitan statistical area (MSA) with a population of 82,128 according to the 2010 Census.[3] A statistical area representing the greater Plattsburgh region (as defined by the U.S. government), the Plattsburgh MSA includes all communities in the immediate Clinton County area.

History

Under French rule

Beginning with Samuel de Champlain's expedition into the Lake Champlain valley in 1609,[4] Plattsburgh region began to come under the French influence, and later passed under British, and finally American control. The early French contact and its proximity to Quebec made this a historically French area. Located in the extended fur trade network in the Montreal hinterland, the Plattsburgh area was the realm of independent fur traders, known as coureurs des bois ("runners of the woods") in French, who served the larger trading hub in Montreal.[5]

Perspective map and list of landmarks in Plattsburgh from 1899 by C. Fausel published by L. R. Burleigh

Although Plattsburgh is a relatively new city, the surrounding area was settled during the mid-to-late 17th century. A permanent French settlement was hampered by the threat of conflict with the Iroquois, but French missionaries began living among the indigenous population as early as 1609.[6] Moreover, the area near Plattsburgh is notable for being the site of an indigenous village.[4] The local Catholic churches also used to be run by bishops of Quebec until 1808, when they were transferred to American pastoral care.[7]

During this time, Plattsburgh received a historic D'Youville Academy building in its downtown. It is a historic school building and nunnery. The Academy was founded in 1878, and operated by the Grey Nuns, founded by Saint Marie-Marguerite d'Youville. The Academy has since been converted into apartments.

Transition to British and then American rule

Plattsburgh, and much of the lands comprising present day Clinton County, were originally part of the French settlement of New France.[8] They stayed a part of New France until the outcome of the French and Indian War, where the French lost their hold on this region to the British. This conflict (1754–1763) predated the American Revolution (1775–1783). As a condition of the 1763 Treaty of Paris, a vast region including present-day Plattsburgh was ceded from France to Britain. It was incorporated into British rule as part of the Indian Reserve. The Reserve was established by Britain as an attempt to protect British colonial positions in New England and the Middle Colonies using the newly acquired lands to buffer against armed conflict with Spain. The founding of present-day Plattsburgh, however, was not an act of the British, rather it coincided with the American territorial acquisition after the American Revolutionary War; ended as per the agreement between the newly established United States of America and Great Britain via the 1783 Treaty of Paris.

Plattsburgh's founding under American rule

Plattsburgh was founded by Zephaniah Platt in 1785 after he was granted the land by George Clinton.[9] In granting land to Zephaniah Platt of Poughkeepsie, New York - who went on to establish the new city of Plattsburgh to buffer emerging American interests in the Saint Lawrence River valley and Lake Champlain valley after the American victory in the American Revolutionary War - the centralized American authority proclaimed the area including and surrounding the old French trading areas and Iroquois settlement to be refounded as the settlement of Plattsburgh in 1785.

Local residents exercised unique French culture and history over the years in ways still visible today. In Plattsburgh, for example, there is no "Main Street" - a common vestige of English colonies, whereas in a unique tradition major streets and thoroughfares were named after the daughters of prominent businessman and politicians (e.g., Catherine, Margaret, present-day North Catherine and South Catherine Streets, and Plattsburgh's "Main Street", Cornelia Street). In a similar fashion, local residents named local streets after renowned Frenchmen including Samuel de Champlain, the region's founder, and General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, the French general who gained fame defeating incredible numerical odds in battles throughout the Oswego and Hudson River Valley areas before going on to organize the last French defense of Québec at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. The oldest monument within the city limits is dedicated to Samuel de Champlain.

Split from the Town of Plattsburgh

On March 3rd, 1815, an act was passed by the Legislature incorporating the Village of Plattsburgh out of an area that was formerly the eastern part of the town. The first village elections were held on May 2nd of that year. [10]

The village incorporated as a city in 1903.

Notable historical events

With its significant location on a major water thoroughfare and proximity to the Canada–U.S. border, Plattsburgh has been the site of a number of historic events including the Revolutionary War's Battle of Valcour Island and the War of 1812's Battle of Plattsburgh; the city has a War of 1812 museum. The Battle of Plattsburgh is significant as it was the final battle between the British/Canadian forces and the American (a feat that was made prominent given the battle was a flout of no less than 9,000 United Kingdom and Canadian forces compared to a force of 1,500 American regulars and 1,900 New York and Vermont militia) – for references see Battle of Plattsburgh.

Plattsburgh Normal School was founded in 1889. It burned in 1929, and relocated to City Hall for three years.[11] In 1932 the college moved into the current Hawkins Hall which became the base of the modern campus. In 1948 it became State University of New York at Plattsburgh.

In 1915, the Preparedness Movement established the first and best-known of its training camps for prospective military volunteers at Plattsburgh. The "Plattsburgh camps" trained about 40,000 potential United States Army commissioned officers in the summers of 1915 and 1916.

During the Cold War, military functions took a prominent role in Plattsburgh, which was home to Plattsburgh Air Force Base (PAFB) and was the location of the Strategic Air Command's primary wing on the East Coast due to its geographic desirability. The base's location in the Champlain Valley (protected by the rain shadow of the Adirondack Mountains) ensured consistent, year-round weather that was safe for take-offs and landings. The 380th Bombardment, Aerospace, and Refueling Wings, all stationed at PAFB, included B-52 Bombers, air-refueling "tankers", and FB-111s. The base had a great deal of land surface and was one of only four military bases in the United States with a landing strip large enough for a Space Shuttle landing.[12]

A B-47 bomber with the inscription "Pride of the Adirondacks", one of two aircraft on display in the Clyde A. Lewis Air Park.

On September 1, 1961, the 556 Strategic Missile Squadron was activated at Plattsburgh AFB. The Squadron consisted of 12 Atlas "F" Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles stored in underground silos at 12 sites surrounding the city of Plattsburgh. Ten of the silos were in New York, two across Lake Champlain in Vermont. The squadron played an active role in the 1962 Cuban Missile crisis, giving President Kennedy a powerful negotiating tool in dealing with Nikita Khrushchev. The 556 SMS's life was relatively short lived since the Atlas was a liquid fuel system that was expensive and difficult to maintain. As the solid fuel Minuteman ICBM began to come on line, the liquid fueled missiles such as the Atlas and Titan were retired. The 556 SMS began inactivating in the spring of 1965, completing that task later that year.

Despite its numerous awards for performance excellence, PAFB was closed on September 29, 1995, in a round of national base closures in the early 1990s as the Air Force began to pare down its post-Cold War missions. The base property is now managed by the Plattsburgh Airbase Redevelopment Corporation (PARC) and is used by a number of industrial manufacturers and commercial airlines.

Plattsburgh remains a favorite tourist location for vacationers from Montreal and southern Quebec.[12] Bilingual signs, in English and French, are found in various parts of the city.[12] Today, the city relies largely in part on new industries with a predominantly Canadian and Québécois influence expanding on the former airbase as well as established manufacturing plants, such as Bombardier,[13] Nova Bus,[14], and others.

Notable people

Spelling

Plattsburgh is sometimes historically spelled as Plattsburg, leaving off the "h". Many historic documents relating to the famous naval engagement between the United States and Britain in 1814 refer to the Battle of Plattsburg.[33][34] As a result, some history has been written using the latter spelling. For example, historian and former president of the Society of the War of 1812 in Illinois, John Meloy Stahl, published in 1918 "The Battle of Plattsburg: A Study in and of The War of 1812."[35]

In 1950, the editor of the New York State Legislative Manual, seeking to simplify the organization of that year's manual, requested a listing of state post offices from the United States Postal Service. Upon review of the listing, the difference in spelling was noted. The city was contacted and an investigation was begun by postal authorities.

United States Postal Service records show that the name of the post office was changed to Plattsburg in 1894. During 1892–1894, the federal Post Office Department was growing at a rapid pace. The Postmaster General issued an order establishing guidelines for post office names for new post offices, including changing "burgh" to "burg".[36][37] Subsequently, local postal officials changed the name of the village post office to Plattsburg. As a result of the 1951 investigation, the name of the city post office was changed back to Plattsburgh. At no time was the name of the city itself ever changed.

To this day, some signs (including U.S. and Canadian highway signs, and a sign at the Plattsburgh Amtrak Station, among others) point the way to "Plattsburg". There is also a bank with plattsburg bank inscribed at the top.

Geography and climate
Saranac River flowing through Verdantique Park

Plattsburgh is at 44°41′43″N 73°27′30″W (44.695365, -73.458593).[38] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.6 square miles (17.0 km2), of which, 5.1 square miles (13.1 km2) of it is land and 1.5 square miles (4.0 km2) of it (23.40%) is water.

Plattsburgh is on the western shore of Lake Champlain, in the northeastern part of the state of New York, just south of Cumberland Head.

The Saranac River flows through the city into Lake Champlain.

Climate

Plattsburgh is classified as a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with extremely cold winters and warm, humid summers.[39]

Climate data for Plattsburgh, NY
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 64
(18)		 59
(15)		 80
(27)		 92
(33)		 94
(34)		 97
(36)		 99
(37)		 101
(38)		 95
(35)		 87
(31)		 75
(24)		 63
(17)		 101
(38)
Average high °F (°C) 26
(−3)		 29
(−2)		 39
(4)		 53
(12)		 66
(19)		 75
(24)		 80
(27)		 77
(25)		 68
(20)		 56
(13)		 44
(7)		 32
(0)		 54
(12)
Average low °F (°C) 7
(−14)		 9
(−13)		 21
(−6)		 34
(1)		 45
(7)		 55
(13)		 60
(16)		 58
(14)		 49
(9)		 38
(3)		 29
(−2)		 16
(−9)		 35
(2)
Record low °F (°C) −34
(−37)		 −28
(−33)		 −15
(−26)		 8
(−13)		 25
(−4)		 36
(2)		 40
(4)		 38
(3)		 28
(−2)		 17
(−8)		 0
(−18)		 −21
(−29)		 −34
(−37)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.34
(59)		 1.87
(47)		 2.32
(59)		 2.97
(75)		 3.02
(77)		 3.37
(86)		 3.23
(82)		 3.74
(95)		 3.41
(87)		 2.81
(71)		 2.93
(74)		 2.49
(63)		 34.5
(875)
Source: [40]

Demographics
Downtown Plattsburgh

As of the census[1] of 2010, there were 19,989 people, 7,600 households, and 3,473 families residing in the city.

The population density was 3,919.4 people per square mile (1,525.9/km2). There were 8,691 housing units at an average density of 1704.1/sq mi (663.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.88% White, 3.5% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 2.77% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.03% from other races, and 2.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population.

There were 7,600 households, out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.1% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.3% were non-families. 40.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 16.5% under the age of 18, 27.7% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,846, and the median income for a family was $46,337. Males had a median income of $35,429 versus $26,824 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,127. About 13.6% of families and 23.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18603,032—
18705,13969.5%
18805,2452.1%
18907,01033.7%
19008,43420.3%
191011,13832.1%
192010,909−2.1%
193013,34922.4%
194016,35122.5%
195017,7388.5%
196020,17213.7%
197018,715−7.2%
198021,05712.5%
199021,2550.9%
200018,816−11.5%
201019,9896.2%
Est. 201919,515[2]−2.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[41]

Government
Plattsburgh City Hall

The government is headed by a mayor elected by a citywide vote and a council of six members, one elected from each ward. Colin Read, a Democrat, is the current mayor of the city of Plattsburgh. He assumed office on January 1, 2017.[42]

Ward Councillor Party
1 Rachelle Armstrong Democrat
2 Mike Kelly Democrat
3 Elizabeth Gibbs Democrat
4 Peter Ensel Republican
5 Patrick McFarlin Independent
6 Jeff Moore Democrat

Education

The city is home to SUNY Plattsburgh, a liberal arts university which is a part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system and Clinton Community College, which is also part of the SUNY System. SUNY Plattsburgh has been a part of the city since its founding in 1889 as the Plattsburgh State Normal School.[43] Today, the college is host to about 5,500 undergraduates, 400 graduate students, and almost 400 faculty members.[44] Students at the K–12 level who attend public schools in the city are served by the Plattsburgh City School District, which holds 2,000 students in 5 different schools.

Media

Newspapers

Plattsburgh has three commercial newspapers:

  • The Clinton County Free Trader Today has a circulation of slightly over 15,000. (It merged with the North Countryman in 2010.)[45]
  • The Plattsburgh Press Republican has a slightly more than 17,000 circulation.[46]
  • Plattsburgh Burgh has a reported circulation of 8,000.[47]

Television

Plattsburgh has two television stations, WCFE-TV, channel 57, a PBS member station and WPTZ, channel 5, an NBC affiliate, though WPTZ moved their main offices to Burlington in 2019, leaving Plattsburgh as a small regional satellite bureau. Plattsburgh is part of a media market shared with Burlington, Vermont, which includes WCAX-TV (CBS, channel 3), WVNY-TV (ABC, channel 22), WNNE (CW, channel 31) and WFFF-TV (Fox, channel 44). Residents are also in the range of Montreal, Quebec, and other Canadian television stations. Some of these Canadian stations, including CBFT-DT, CBMT-DT and CFCF-DT, are available on Charter Communications, the cable franchise serving Plattsburgh.

Transportation

The city is about a 60-minute drive from Canada's second most populous city of Montreal, which is also the largest city in Canada's second most populous province of Quebec. Many people commute across the Canada–U.S. border, and the City of Plattsburgh advertises itself as "Montreal's U.S. suburb". New York state is Quebec's largest trade partner, with about $6 billion in trade annually.[48] The proximity leads to Plattsburgh's prominence as a large trade center for a city its size.

Highway
  • Interstate 87 bypasses Plattsburgh to the west, connecting Montreal with Albany and points south. Three main exits serve the city of Plattsburgh, with a fourth serving the Cumberland Head district of the town.
  • U.S. Route 9 is a north-south highway crossing through the city on the east side.
  • New York State Route 3 is an east-west state highway that enters the city from the west as Cornelia Street, intersects Route 22 and then ends at Route 9.
  • New York State Route 22 is a north-south state highway that enters the city from the southwest and then turns north to run parallel to the west of Route 9. Part of Route 22 in downtown is a divided highway.
  • New York State Route 314 is a short east-west highway on the north town line with the town of Plattsburgh connecting Interstate 87 with the Grand Isle–Plattsburgh Ferry to Vermont.

Rail
Plattsburgh's Amtrak train station

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Plattsburgh, operating its Adirondack daily in both directions between Montreal and New York City.

Ferry

The closest American city larger than Plattsburgh is Burlington, Vermont, which is reachable by a ferry or a bridge located further north at Rouses Point. Ferry service is provided at Cumberland Head, and heads to Grand Isle by the Lake Champlain Transportation Company. There is also a seasonal ferry service offered by the same company in Port Kent, approximately 10 miles to the south. The latter ferry goes to Burlington.

Air

Plattsburgh International Airport uses the runway of the former Plattsburgh Air Force Base, which closed in 1995. The airport terminal was completed in February 2007 with the building being dedicated on April 27, 2007.

Direct flights from Plattsburgh include flights to Dulles Airport near Washington, D.C., Fort Lauderdale, Orlando, St. Petersburg, Florida, and others. Airlines flying out of Plattsburgh include United Express, Allegiant Air, and Spirit Airlines.[49]

Plattsburgh flight demand is driven by the increased traffic from Montreal, Quebec. At approximately 80% to 85% of total yearly demand, Plattsburgh's airport markets itself as Montreal's American Airport, given it is closer to Montreal's South Shore Residents than Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, even with a 10 (workdays/Canadian side) to 20-minute (weekend/Canadian side) average border wait time.[50][51][52]

Cargo flights are offered by FedEx Feeder which delivers goods to more major airports aboard Cessna Caravans to be shipped on long haul flights and UPS which does similar service using ATR-72 turboprop aircraft.

Bus

The city is serviced by the Clinton County Public Transportation (CCPT for short). The county-wide bus service offers passengers city and county-wide bus routes, allowing passengers from surrounding communities to travel to and from Plattsburgh. These routes operate five days a week, with a city-wide shopping shuttle offered on Saturdays. There is no bus service on Sundays or major holidays.

The North Country Express(NCE for short) runs every day between Plattsburgh and Potsdam, and every day except Sunday between Plattsburgh and Malone making several stops in between. There is no service on major holidays.

For those going longer distances, Greyhound and Adirondack Trailways offers multiple daily trips towards Montreal and Albany.

Economy

For the past three two-year cycles, the Plattsburgh Region was named as a Top 10 Micro City of the Future, in both North America and South America, in FDis rankings. The FDi is a publication of the Financial Times of London and ranks cities across the world in various categories. In the year 2015, Plattsburgh obtained 2nd Place for Economic Potential, 1st for Human Capital and Lifestyle, 3rd for Business Friendliness, 9th for Connectivity, and 1st for Foreign Direct Investment Strategy.[53]

The largest employers in Clinton County are C.V.P.H. Medical Center, SUNY Plattsburgh, Clinton County Government, Wal-Mart, Sam's Club, Advocacy and Resource Center, City of Plattsburgh, and Swarovski Lighting.[54] SUNY Plattsburgh contributes approximately $300 million to the regional economy each fiscal year.[55]

Other large companies in the area include: Bombardier Transportation, which builds rail-cars in a 219,000 sq ft (20,300 m2) plant;[56] Norsk Titanium, which opened its U.S. branch in Plattsburgh to make parts for the aerospace industry through the use of titanium rapid plasma deposition;[57][58] and Nova Bus and Prevost which manufactures busses for the American market.[59]

Books

Films
  • The crime film Frozen River (2008) was filmed in Plattsburgh and surrounding areas.
  • A scene from the Joe Cocker documentary Mad Dogs & Englishmen was filmed in and around his April 7, 1970, concert at SUNY Plattsburgh.
  • Some scenes from the film Escape at Dannemora were shot in the city of Plattsburgh.

Music
  • Peter Frampton sang and was recorded for some tracks of the best-selling album Frampton Comes Alive! on the campus of SUNY Plattsburgh on November 22, 1975.[60][61] This Student Association-sponsored concert was held at Memorial Hall.[62]
  • In August 1996, the rock band Phish, which was based across Lake Champlain in Burlington, Vermont, held the first of its ten weekend-long festivals at the former Plattsburgh Air Force Base. The festival, called The Clifford Ball, attracted 70,000 fans from all over the country, making it Phish's largest concert up to that point and the largest rock concert in the U.S. in that year, and featured seven sets of music by the band.[63][64]
  • In September 2011, the British-Irish band One Direction filmed part of their music video "Gotta Be You" on the SUNY Plattsburgh campus.[65][66]

Television

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