November 1959

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November 19, 1959: Ford stops manufacturing Edsels
November 17, 1959: Russell and Chamberlain begin rivalry
November 13, 1959: 1,301 foot long Narrows Bridge opens
November 9, 1959: Ski-doo snowmobile introduced

The following events occurred in November 1959:

November 1, 1959 (Sunday)
Plante's mask

November 2, 1959 (Monday)
  • Charles Van Doren, famous for being the all-time winner on the TV game show Twenty One, admitted in a hearing in Congress that he had been supplied the answers in advance.[4]
  • Born: Saïd Aouita, Moroccan distance runner, 1987 world champion in the 5000 meter race and 1984 Olympic gold medalist; in Kenitra. Aouita at one time held the world record for fastest ever 1500 meters (1985-1992); 3000 meters (1989-1992) and 5000 meters (1985-1994)

November 3, 1959 (Tuesday)

November 4, 1959 (Wednesday)
  • The government of Morocco imposed emergency measures after more than 6,700 people had been paralyzed by tainted cooking oil, including the death penalty for manufacturers who had sold the oil in Meknes during the feast of Ramadan in September and October. Peanut oil had been mixed with a jet aircraft engine rinse purchased as surplus from a United States Air Force base at Nouasseur, and the victims were poisoned by tricresyl phosphate.[8] More than 10,000 people eventually required treatment for injuries. Five of the manufacturers were sentenced to death, but never executed.[9]
  • Six Israeli jets and four Egyptian MiG-17s clashed in a dogfight near the border between the two nations. All planes reportedly returned safely and the battle did not lead to further action.[10]
  • Died:
    • U.S. Congressman Charles A. Boyle of Illinois, 52, was killed in an automobile accident as he returned from a long day of campaigning on behalf of Chicago Democrats.[11]
    • U.S. Congressman Steven V. Carter of Iowa, 44, died the same day, of cancer, at the age of 44.[12]

November 5, 1959 (Thursday)
  • Test pilot Scott Crossfield encountered trouble at 45,000 feet on the third flight of the North American X-15 rocket plane and was unable to jettison his fuel because of a steep glide. The plane buckled on a hard landing on a dry lake bed. By chance, the split occurred between the cabin and the fuel tanks, and the fuel did not ignite.[13]
  • Born: Bryan Adams, Canadian pop singer, in Kingston, Ontario

November 6, 1959 (Friday)
  • In Boston, Dr. Bernard Lown was inspired to create the direct current heart defibrillator after using 400 volts of electricity to restore the heart rhythm of a patient, known to history only as "Mr. C___".[14]
  • Died: Jose P. Laurel, 68, President of the Philippines during Japanese occupation; Laurel was installed as the leader of the Japanese puppet-state, the Second Philippine Republic, from 1943 to 1946 and later received amnesty for collaboration with the enemy

November 7, 1959 (Saturday)
  • The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Taft-Hartley Act, and ordered 500,000 striking steelworkers to return to work for the next 80 days. In an 8–1 decision, Justice Douglas dissenting, the Court declared that the strike "imperils the national safety".[15]
  • After his troops had control of most of the disputed Ladakh border region with India, China's Premier Zhou Enlai proposed that both sides withdraw their troops. When the Sino-Indian War was fought in 1962, China insisted on the border being based on the lines of "actual control" of 7 November 1959.[16]
  • The rivalry between Bill Russell and Wilt Chamberlain began as Russell and the Boston Celtics defeated Chamberlain's Philadelphia Warriors, 115–106. During the 1960s, Chamberlain won more scoring titles, while Russell won more team championships. Their last meeting was in Game 7 of the 1969 NBA Finals (May 5), when Boston beat the Los Angeles Lakers 108–106.[17]
  • Born: Billy Gillispie, American basketball coach, in Abilene, Texas
  • Died: Victor McLaglen, 72, Western actor

November 8, 1959 (Sunday)

November 9, 1959 (Monday)
HEW Secretary Flemming
Cranberries
  • Seventeen days before Thanksgiving, Arthur Flemming, the U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, warned that some of the 1959 crop of cranberries was tainted with the carcinogen aminotriazole, and said that if a housewife did not know where the berries in a product came from, "to be on the safe side, she doesn't buy".[21] Cranberry sales plummeted, but producers responded by finding ways to promote year-round sales of cranberry products, including cranberry juice.[22]
  • The first Ski-doo, a snowmobile with a new, light-weight (30 pound) engine, was manufactured in Valcourt, Quebec, one of 250 made on the first day of production. The lighter engine made snowmobiling more practical, and within a decade, more than 200,000 Ski-doos were being sold annually in North America.[23]
  • Born:

November 10, 1959 (Tuesday)
  • USS Triton, at 447 feet in length and 5,000 tons the largest submarine to that time, joined the U.S. Navy's nuclear sub force. With two nuclear reactors, the Triton had cost $100,000,000 to build. Meanwhile, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev claimed in an interview that he had told President Eisenhower in August that "your submarines are not so bad, but the speed of our atomic submarines is double yours."[24]
  • Born:

November 11, 1959 (Wednesday)
  • Werner Heyde, a psychiatrist who had guided the euthanizing of more than 100,000 handicapped persons in Nazi Germany, surrendered to police in Frankfurt after 13 years as a fugitive. As director of the Reich Association of Hospitals, Dr. Heyde had carried out "Action T4". Men, women and children who were mentally or physically handicapped were the victims of Heyde's "mercy killing" from 1939 to 1942, usually by lethal injection. Sentenced in absentia to death, Heyde had been practicing in Flensburg as "Dr. Fritz Sawade". On February 13, 1964, five days before his trial was to start, Dr. Heyde hanged himself at the prison in Butzbach.[25]

November 12, 1959 (Thursday)

November 13, 1959 (Friday)

November 14, 1959 (Saturday)
  • Kilauea on the island of Hawaii had begun to swell in September. At 8:08 p.m., the volcano erupted, producing fires of lava up to 300 meters high. The fire fountains ceased by December 20.[28]
  • Born: Paul McGann, British TV actor, in Liverpool

November 15, 1959 (Sunday)
  • Herbert and Bonnie Clutter, and their teenage children, Nancy and Kenyon, were murdered at their home near Holcomb, Kansas.[29] Dick Hickock and Perry Smith would be captured in January, and hanged in 1965. The killings were immortalized in Truman Capote's 1966 book, In Cold Blood.[30]
  • Died: C. T. R. Wilson, 90, Scottish physicist, inventor of the cloud chamber, for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1927

November 16, 1959 (Monday)

November 17, 1959 (Tuesday)
  • The London Daily Herald revealed a plot to kidnap Prince Charles, the 11-year-old heir to the British throne, from his boarding school, but most observers scoffed at the exclusive story. Beneath the banner headline "ROYAL KIDNAP QUIZ" came the story that the Northern Ireland nationalist group Fianna Uladh planned to raid the Cheam School to take Charles hostage. A spokesman for Scotland Yard opined that the story had been made up by the Herald "because we refused to give information about why security measures were increased at Cheam School".[34] The newspaper ceased publication in 1964.
  • Born: William R. Moses, American TV actor; in Los Angeles
  • Died: Heitor Villa-Lobos, 72, Brazilian composer

November 18, 1959 (Wednesday)
  • Ben-Hur, which would go on to become the most popular film of the year and would win a record 12 Academy Awards, debuted at New York's Loews Theater in 70 mm Ultra Panavision, before nationwide and then worldwide release.[35]
  • Ornette Coleman became a sensation in the world of jazz with his East Coast debut at the "Five Spot Cafe" in New York's Greenwich Village. Described by one critic as "the only really new thing in jazz since ... the mid 40s", the alto saxophonist's style received a mixed reaction.[36]
  • Born: Jimmy Quinn, footballer and manager, in Belfast

November 19, 1959 (Thursday)
  • The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show was introduced. The cartoon was shown on ABC network stations at 5:30 each afternoon and was originally called Rocky and Friends, although Bullwinkle the moose soon became more popular than Rocky the flying squirrel.[37]
  • In its third unsuccessful year, the last Edsel automobile was manufactured by the Ford Motor Company, after a loss of $100,000,000 on the program. Eighteen of the 1960 Edsels were produced on the final day.[38]
  • Born: Allison Janney, American actress (The West Wing), in Dayton
  • Died:

November 20, 1959 (Friday)

November 21, 1959 (Saturday)
Dick Clark
  • The career of nationally known disc jockey Alan Freed ended with his firing from New York's most popular rock station, WABC (AM), after he refused to sign an affidavit denying involvement in the "payola" scandal. As a DJ for WABC, Freed had promoted selected singles for undisclosed financial gain. Dick Clark, host of TV's American Bandstand, signed a similar affidavit and had divested himself of financial interests, and his career was not interrupted by the scandal.[40]
  • The first inter-league trade without waivers in major league baseball history took place when the Chicago Cubs sent Jim Marshall and Dave Hillman to the Boston Red Sox in return for Dick Gernert.[41]
  • The Phoenix Art Museum was opened in Arizona.[42]
  • Died: Max Baer, 50, American boxer who was world heavyweight champion in 1934 and 1935.

November 22, 1959 (Sunday)
Gerhard Behrendt with Sandmännchen

November 23, 1959 (Monday)
  • The Curtiss-Wright Corporation announced that it had developed a new internal combustion engine, in conjunction with NSU Motorenwerke AG of Germany. With only two moving parts (the rotor and the crankshaft) this would later be called the rotary engine.[45]
  • Born: Dominique Dunne, American actress (Poltergeist), in Santa Monica; she was killed in 1982 by her boyfriend shortly after the release of the film

November 24, 1959 (Tuesday)
  • TWA Flight 595, a cargo plane with three crew members on board, crashed into a Chicago neighborhood adjacent to Midway Airport. At 5:37 a.m., the Constellation airplane crashed at the corner of 64th Street and Knox Avenue, and destroyed apartments and bungalows. In addition to the crew, eight people on the ground were killed and 13 more injured.[46]
  • Near Geneva, the Proton Synchrotron developed by the European nuclear agency, CERN, went online and exceeded expectations, accelerating protons to 25 GeV (25 billion electron volts), more than twice as much as the Soviet synchrotron at Dubna.[47]
  • Died: Herbert "Daily" Messenger, 76, Australian rugby league star

November 25, 1959 (Wednesday)
  • The first Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) in history was signed between West Germany and Pakistan. BITs govern the terms of private investment between companies in the two nations, including provisions for arbitration of disputes.[48]
  • Born: Charles Kennedy, Scottish member of the British House of Commons and Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 1999 to 2006; in Inverness

November 26, 1959 (Thursday)
  • The maiden flight of the Atlas-Able rocket, the most powerful ever built by the United States, failed less than a minute after its launch. The rocket lifted off at 2:26 a.m. from Cape Canaveral, with plans to carry the Pioneer V satellite to be placed in lunar orbit. Forty seconds later, parts fell from the third stage and the rocket misfired.[49]
  • Born Dai Davies Welsh politician and independent MP, in Ebbw Vale[50]

November 27, 1959 (Friday)
  • Nazi war criminal Dr. Josef Mengele, the "Angel of Death" at the Auschwitz and Birkenau concentration camps, was granted citizenship by Paraguay, whose dictator Alfredo Stroessner refused to allow the extradition of a Paraguayan citizen. Mengele later fled to Brazil, and was never captured, living until 1979 when he drowned.[51]
  • More than 20,000 protesters in Tokyo, demanding that Japan end its military ties with the United States, stormed the grounds of the Japanese parliament. In the ensuing riot, 159 policemen and 212 civilians were injured in the worst violence in Japan since the May Day riots of 1952.[52]
  • Born: Viktoria Mullova, Russian violinist, in Zhukovsky

November 28, 1959 (Saturday)

November 29, 1959 (Sunday)
Dr. King

November 30, 1959 (Monday)
  • In Hungary, János Kádár, leader of that nation's Communist Party since the Soviet invasion of 1956, announced that the nearly 60,000 Soviet troops stationed in Hungary would remain "as long as the international situation demands it".[56] Occupation forces remained until 1991.
  • Born: Lorraine Kelly, Scottish ITV news presenter; in East Kilbride

November 1959
The MOSFET (MOS transistor) was invented by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs. It is central to the Digital Revolution, and the most widely manufactured device in history.

References
  1. Gérard Prunier, The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (Columbia University Press, 1997), pp48–49
  2. Robert Niemi, History in the Media: Film and Television (ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp362–364
  3. Dalton Ross, The Top Teams Ever: Football, Baseball, Basketball, and Hockey Winners (Rosen Publishing Group, 2003), p94
  4. Michael R. Real, Exploring Media Culture: A Guide (Sage Publications, 1996), p230 ; "'I Had TV Quiz Script', Van Doren Confesses", Oakland Tribune, November 2, 1959, p1
  5. Neill Lochery, The Israeli Labour Party: In the Shadow of the Likud (Ithaca Press, 1997), p271
  6. Jolyon Howorth and Patricia Chilton, Defence and Dissent in Contemporary France (St. Martin's Press, 1984), p55
  7. Anni P. Baker, American Soldiers Overseas: The Global Military Presence (Praeger, 2004), p101
  8. "Cooking Oil 'Poisoned' In Morocco", Winnipeg Free Press, November 5, 1959, p24; "The Malady of Meknes", Time Magazine, November 30, 1959
  9. Stephen O. Hughes, Morocco Under King Hassan (Ithaca Press, 2006), p83
  10. "Egypt, Israel Jet Planes In Dogfight", Oakland Tribune, November 4, 1959, p1
  11. "Congressman Dies in Chicago Crash", Oakland Tribune, November 4, 1959
  12. "Lawmaker Dead at 44", Eugene (OR) Register-Guard, November 4, 1959, p3B
  13. David Shayler, Disasters and Accidents in Manned Spaceflight (Springer, 2000), pp43–44
  14. William H. Colby, Unplugged: Reclaiming Our Right to Die in America (American Management Association, 2008), pp;57–60
  15. "Supreme Court Orders End of Steel Strike", Oakland Tribune, November 8, 1959, p1
  16. Dictionary of the Politics of the People's Republic of China (Routledge, 1998), p196
  17. David K. Wiggins, ed. Out of the Shadows: A Biographical History of African American Athletes (University of Arkansas Press, 2006), pp231–233
  18. The Nile: Histories, Cultures, Myths (L. Rienner, 2000), p257
  19. The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa (Westview Press, 2007), p17
  20. "Lakers' Baylor Gets 64 Points", Oakland Tribune, p39
  21. "The Cranberry Boggle", Time Magazine, November 23, 1959
  22. Allan Mazur, True Warnings and False Alarms: Evaluating Fears About the Health Risks of Technology, 1948–1971 (Resources for the Future, 2004), pp112–113
  23. Ralph Nader, Nadia Milleron and Duff Conacher, Canada Firsts (McClelland & Stewart, 1992), p32
  24. "Triton Joins Growing U.S. Nuclear Fleet"; "Khrushchev Says Russ Subs Faster"; Oakland Tribune, November 10, 1959, p1
  25. "Heyde, Werner", in Who's Who in Nazi Germany (Routledge, 2001), p 107
  26. "Princess Passed Over For Australia Post", Oakland Tribune, November 12, 1959, p19
  27. Leigh Edmonds, The Vital Link: A History of Main Roads Western Australia, 1926–1996 (University of Western Australia Press, 1997), pp142–143
  28. Kathy Morey, Hawaii Trails: Walks, Strolls, and Treks on the Big Island (Wilderness Press, 2006), p158; S.J. Lane and J.S. Gilbert, Fluid Motions in Volcanic Conduits, Geological Society Special Publication 307, (2008), pp137–138
  29. "4 in Family Slain", San Antonio Light, November 16, 1959, p1
  30. Katherine M. Ramsland, Inside the Minds of Mass Murderers: Why They Kill (Praeger Publishers, 2005), pp18–21
  31. Laurence Maslon, The Sound of Music Companion (Fireside, 2006) p71
  32. "All 42 Feared Dead in Wreck Of Airliner Spotted in Gulf", Syracuse Herald-Journal, p1
  33. planecrashinfo.com.
  34. "London Snorts at Kidnap Story", Long Beach Independent, November 17, 1959, p7
  35. Widescreenmuseum.com
  36. Francis Davis, Jazz and Its Discontents (Da Capo Press, 2004), p15
  37. Keith Scott, The Moose That Roared: The Story of Jay Ward, Bill Scott, a Flying Squirrel, and a Talking Moose (St. Martin's Griffin, 2000), p96
  38. Thomas E. Bonsall, Disaster in Dearborn: The Story of the Edsel (Stanford General Books, 2002), pp173–174
  39. Encyclopedia of Human Rights (Taylor & Francis, 1990), p234
  40. James M. Curtis, Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Society, 1954–1984 (Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1987), pp37–38
  41. "Cubs Swap 2 For Gernert", San Antonio Express and News, November 22, 1959, p C-7
  42. "Phoenix Art Museum website". Archived from the original on 2017-10-06. Retrieved 2018-12-14.
  43. Michael MacCambridge, America's Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation (Anchor Books, 2005), pp127–128
  44. "Team History". Pro Football. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  45. John B. Hege, The Wankel Rotary Engine: A History (McFarland & Co., 2001), p47; "Efficient New Engine Has Only Two Moving Parts", Oakland Tribune, November 24, 1959, p8;
  46. "7 Killed as Air Freighter Slams into Chicago Homes", Amarillo (Tex.) Globe-Times, November 24, 1959, p 1
  47. Gordon Fraser, The Quark Machines (Institute of Physics Publishing, 1997), p 81
  48. "International Investment", in Research Handbook in International Economic Law (E. Elgar, 2007), p215
  49. "SPACE: We're in Trouble", Time Magazine, December 6, 1959; "Giant U.S. Moon Orbit Shot Fails", Oakland Tribune, November 26, 1959, pp1, 14
  50. Dod's Parliamentary Companion - Google Books
  51. Henry C. Lee and Frank Tirnady, Blood Evidence: How DNA is Revolutionizing the Way We Solve Crimes (Perseus Publishing, 2003)
  52. "50,000 Riot Against U.S. in Tokyo; 371 Hurt", Oakland Tribune, November 27, 1959, p1
  53. Henry N. Pontell and Gilbert Geis, eds., International Handbook of White-collar and Corporate Crime (Springer, 2007), pp332–333
  54. Susan M. Glisson, The Human Tradition in the Civil Rights Movemen (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006)
  55. Alice Fleming, Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Dream of Hope (Sterling Publishing, 2008), p42
  56. "Hungary", An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996 (Greenwood Press, 1998), p291
  57. "1960 - Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated". The Silicon Engine. Computer History Museum.
  58. Bassett, Ross Knox (2007). To the Digital Age: Research Labs, Start-up Companies, and the Rise of MOS Technology. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780801886393.
  59. Chan, Yi-Jen (1992). Studies of InAIAs/InGaAs and GaInP/GaAs heterostructure FET's for high speed applications. University of Michigan. p. 1. The Si MOSFET has revolutionized the electronics industry and as a result impacts our daily lives in almost every conceivable way.
  60. Wong, Kit Po (2009). Electrical Engineering - Volume II. EOLSS Publications. p. 7. ISBN 9781905839780.
  61. "13 Sextillion & Counting: The Long & Winding Road to the Most Frequently Manufactured Human Artifact in History". Computer History Museum. April 2, 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  62. Baker, R. Jacob (2011). CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation. John Wiley & Sons. p. 7. ISBN 978-1118038239.
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