Maryland's 2nd congressional district

Maryland's 2nd congressional district
	Maryland's 2nd congressional district since January 3, 2013
	Dutch Ruppersberger; D–Cockeysville
Area	359 sq mi (930 km2)
Distribution	98.3% urban; 1.7% rural;
Population (2013)	745,135
Median income	$68,204[1]
Ethnicity	55.7% white; 33.2% black; 5.7% Asian; 2.2% Hispanic; 0.3% Native American; 0.5% other;
Occupation	23% Blue-collar; 61.5% White-collar; 15.5% Gray-collar;
Cook PVI	D+11[2]

Maryland's 2nd congressional district elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives every two years. The district comprises parts of Howard, Harford, Baltimore, and Anne Arundel Counties, as well as small portions of the City of Baltimore. The seat is currently represented by Dutch Ruppersberger (D).

Historical boundaries

When it was first organized in the late 1780s the Maryland 2nd Congressional district consisted of the northern portion of the eastern shore of Maryland and the area where the Susquehanna River empties into the Chesapeake Bay. It had a population of 55,008 in 1790.[3]

After the 1790 census Maryland gained two seats in the house. The new 2nd district essentially consisted of Howard County, Prince George's County and Anne Arundel County. The boundary ran on a line heading north-east from the north-west corner of the District of Columbia so that a small portion of Montgomery County was also in the 2nd district.[4]

This remained the boundaries of the district until the post-1830 census redistricting. At this time the 2nd district was moved back to the eastern shore region where it had been at first. The only change between the district's boundaries in 1790 and those in 1834 was that in the latter year Caroline County was part of the 2nd district.[5]

In the 1842 redistricting, which involved a decrease in the total number of representatives, Maryland went back to having only six members of the house. The second district was moved again and now composed the Maryland Panhandle, that is all of Maryland starting with Frederick County and going west.[6]

The post-1850 census redistricting caused another drastic redrawing of Maryland's congressional districts. The second district was moved back to the East side of the state. However this time it only had the eastern shore as far south as Kent County. However going westward it had Harford County, northern and western Baltimore County and the western and most southerly portions of Baltimore. It also took in Carroll County.[7]

In the 1862 redistricting process Maryland was reduced to having only five congressional districts. The second was cut down in size though to only having Harford County, eastern and northern Baltimore County including some areas now within the city boundaries on Baltimore.[8]

In the 1872 redistricting Maryland rose to six districts. However the area of the 2nd district increased. This was partly because it lost some of its area on the east side of Baltimore to the third district. It now also consisted of virtually all of Baltimore county, and the northern reaches of Baltimore. Cecil County was returned to its area, but Kent County remained in the first district. Carroll County was also put back in the second district. Thus the second district in 1873 was closer to that of 1853 than of 1871 in terms of the area within its boundaries.[9]

In 1890 there was a small portion of the city of Baltimore that was moved from the 4th district and placed in the 7th district. It appears this was in the general area where Freemont meets Fulton and then a little further south along Freemont.[10] These boundaries remained until the 1898 elections. In that year a few more north-west Baltimore neighborhoods were transferred from the 4th to the 2nd district, as well as a few north-central Baltimore neighborhoods.[11]

In 1902 another change was done to congressional district boundaries in Maryland. With the northward growth of population in Baltimore the 4th and 3rd districts boundaries were moved into areas previously in the 2nd district. however areas in north-west Baltimore that were closer to down-town were shifted into the 2nd district. Cecil County was moved to the first district. The arm of Baltimore County around Arbutus had long been in the 5th District but at this point it was transferred into the 2nd district.[12] These remained the boundaries of the 2nd district for the next 50 years.

In 1952 Maryland redrew its congressional districts because it had gained another seat in Congress. The 2nd district lost all of its area within the city of Baltimore, so it now consisted of Baltimore, Carroll and Harford Counties.[13]

In 1966 Maryland redrew its congressional districts to follow the rule of "One man, one vote". This was especially necessary since the state had been electing one of its congressmen at large in the previous two elections. A portion of Baltimore County along Baltimore's north-east border was removed from the 2nd district. The Arbutus section of Baltimore county was also removed from the district along with a slightly further north portion of the county reaching to about Garrison. Most of Carroll County was moved to the Maryland panhandle based 6th district.[14]

In 1972 Harford County was moved to the First District. The remaining portion of Carroll County was moved to the 6th district. However the Garrison area of Baltimore County, all of Baltimore county east of Baltimore and even a very small part of Baltimore itself were moved back into the second district.[14]

In 1982 some of the areas that had been in the 2nd district just north and west of Baltimore were moved into the Maryland Congressional 3rd District. Also at this time a part of Harford County was moved back into the 2nd congressional district.[15]

In 2012 the district was found to be the eleventh least compact congressional district in the United States.[16]

Recent election results in statewide races

Year	Office	Results
2000	President	Gore 57%–41%
2004	President	Kerry 54%–45%
2008	President	Obama 60%–38%
2012	President	Obama 62.9%–35.1%
2016	President	Clinton 60.2%–35.6%
2018	Governor	Hogan 56.3%-43.2%

Recent elections

List of members representing the district

	Member	Years	Congress	Party	Electoral history
1	Joshua Seney	March 4, 1789 – December 6, 1792	1st 2nd	Anti-Administration	Elected in 1789. Re-elected in 1790. Resigned to become Chief Justice of Maryland's 3rd Judicial District.
Vacant		December 6, 1792 – January 30, 1793
2	William Hindman	January 30, 1793 – March 3, 1793	2nd	Pro-Administration	Elected January 7, 1793 to finish Seney's term and seated January 30, 1793 having already been elected in the 7th district.
3	John Francis Mercer	March 4, 1793 – April 13, 1794	3rd	Anti-Administration	Redistricted from the 3rd district and re-elected in 1792. Resigned.
Vacant		April 13, 1794 – November 11, 1794
4	Gabriel Duvall	November 11, 1794 – March 3, 1795	3rd 4th	Anti-Administration	Elected May 5, 1794 to finish Mercer's term. Elected in 1794. Resigned to become Chief Justice of General Court of Maryland.
4	Gabriel Duvall	March 4, 1795 – March 28, 1796	3rd 4th	Democratic-Republican
Vacant		March 28, 1796 – May 5, 1796
5	Richard Sprigg Jr.	May 5, 1796 – March 3, 1799	4th 5th	Democratic-Republican	Elected to finish Duvall's term. Re-elected in 1796. Lost re-election.
6	John Chew Thomas	March 4, 1799 – March 3, 1801	6th	Federalist	Elected in 1798. Lost re-election.
7	Richard Sprigg Jr.	March 4, 1801 – February 11, 1802	7th	Democratic-Republican	Elected in 1801. Resigned.
Vacant		February 11, 1802 – March 24, 1802
8	Walter Bowie	March 24, 1802 – March 3, 1805	7th 8th	Democratic-Republican	Elected March 2, 1802 to finish Sprigg's term. Re-elected in 1803. Retired.
9	Leonard Covington	March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1807	9th	Democratic-Republican	Elected in 1804. Lost re-election.
10	Archibald Van Horne	March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1811	10th 11th	Democratic-Republican	Elected in 1806. Re-elected in 1808. Retired.
11	Joseph Kent	March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1815	12th 13th	Democratic-Republican	Elected in 1810. Re-elected in 1812. Lost re-election.
12	John Carlyle Herbert	March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1819	14th 15th	Federalist	Elected in 1814. Re-elected in 1816. Retired.
13	Joseph Kent	March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1823	16th 17th 18th 19th	Democratic-Republican	Elected in 1818. Re-elected in 1820. Re-elected in 1822. Re-elected in 1824. Resigned to become Governor of Maryland.
		March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825		Adams Democratic-Republican
		March 4, 1825 – January 6, 1826		Anti-Jackson
Vacant		January 6, 1826 – February 1, 1826
14	John Crompton Weems	February 1, 1826 – March 3, 1829	19th 20th	Jackson	[data unknown/missing]
15	Benedict Joseph Semmes	March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1833	21st 22nd	Anti-Jackson	[data unknown/missing]
16	Richard Bennett Carmichael	March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835	23rd	Jackson	[data unknown/missing]
17	James Alfred Pearce	March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1839	24th 25th	Whig	[data unknown/missing]
18	Philip Francis Thomas	March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1841	26th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
19	James Alfred Pearce	March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843	27th	Whig	[data unknown/missing]
20	Francis Brengle	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845	28th	Whig	[data unknown/missing]
21	Thomas Johns Perry	March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1847	29th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
22	James Dixon Roman	March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849	30th	Whig	[data unknown/missing]
23	William Thomas Hamilton	March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853	31st 32nd	Democratic	[data unknown/missing] Redistricted to the 5th district.
24	Jacob Shower	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
25	James Barroll Ricaud	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1859	34th 35th	Know Nothing	[data unknown/missing]
26	Edwin Hanson Webster	March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861	36th 37th 38th 39th	Know Nothing	[data unknown/missing]
		March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863		Unionist	[data unknown/missing]
		March 4, 1863 – July 1865		Unconditional Unionist	[data unknown/missing]
Vacant		July 1865 – December 4, 1865
27	John Lewis Thomas Jr.	December 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867	39th	Unconditional Unionist	[data unknown/missing]
28	Stevenson Archer	March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1875	40th 41st 42nd 43rd	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
29	Charles Boyle Roberts	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1879	44th 45th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
30	Joshua Frederick Cockey Talbott	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1885	46th 47th 48th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
31	Frank Thomas Shaw	March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1889	49th 50th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
32	Herman Stump	March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1893	51st 52nd	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
33	Joshua Frederick Cockey Talbott	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895	53rd	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
34	William Benjamin Baker	March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1901	54th 55th 56th	Republican	[data unknown/missing]
35	Albert Alexander Blakeney	March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903	57th	Republican	[data unknown/missing]
36	Joshua Frederick Cockey Talbott	March 4, 1903 – October 5, 1918	58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing] Died.
Vacant		October 5, 1918 – November 5, 1918
37	Carville Dickinson Benson	November 5, 1918 – March 3, 1921	65th 66th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
38	Albert Alexander Blakeney	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923	67th	Republican	[data unknown/missing]
39	Millard Evelyn Tydings	March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1927	68th 69th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
40	William Purington Cole Jr.	March 4, 1927 – March 3, 1929	70th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
41	Linwood Leon Clark	March 4, 1929 – March 3, 1931	71st	Republican	[data unknown/missing]
42	William Purington Cole Jr.	March 4, 1931 – October 26, 1942	72nd 73rd 74th 75th 76th 77th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing] Resigned to become judge of US Customs Court
Vacant		October 26, 1942 – January 3, 1943
43	Harry Streett Baldwin	January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1947	78th 79th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
44	Hugh Allen Meade	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949	80th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
45	William P. Bolton	January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1951	81st	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
46	James Patrick Sinnott Devereux	January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1959	82nd 83rd 84th 85th	Republican	[data unknown/missing]
47	Daniel Baugh Brewster	January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1963	86th 87th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
48	Clarence Dickinson Long	January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1985	88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]
49	Helen Delich Bentley	January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1995	99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd	Republican	Elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Retired to run for Governor of Maryland.
50	Bob Ehrlich	January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2003	104th 105th 106th 107th	Republican	Elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Retired to run for Governor of Maryland.
51	Dutch Ruppersberger	January 3, 2003 – Present	108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th	Democratic	Elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018.

Historical district boundaries

2003–2013

References

https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=24&cd=02
"Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Parsons, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Dan Hermann. United States Congressional Districts 1788-1841 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 9
Martis, Kenneth C. Historical Atlas of Political Parties in Congress. (New York: Macmillan, 1989) p. 76
Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 93
Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 97
Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 107
Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 117
Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 127.
Historical Maps of Maryland
Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 155
Martis. Historical Atlas, p. 157.
Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 215
Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 217.
Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 237
Lazarick, Len (3 October 2012). "Maryland has least compact congressional districts in nation". MarylandReporter.com. Retrieved 7 October 2012.

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[1] ttps://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=24&cd=02

[Cook-2] "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.

[3] Parsons, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Dan Hermann. United States Congressional Districts 1788-1841 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 9

[4] Martis, Kenneth C. Historical Atlas of Political Parties in Congress. (New York: Macmillan, 1989) p. 76

[5] Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 93

[6] Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 97

[7] Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 107

[8] Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 117

[9] Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 127.

[10] Historical Maps of Maryland

[11] Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 155

[12] Martis. Historical Atlas, p. 157.

[13] Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 215

[Martis._p._217-14] Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 217.

[15] Martis. Historical Atlas. p. 237

[16] Lazarick, Len (3 October 2012). "Maryland has least compact congressional districts in nation". MarylandReporter.com. Retrieved 7 October 2012.