List of sovereign states in the 1860s

Sovereign states by year
List of sovereign states in 1859	Events of 1860	List of sovereign states in 1861

Sovereign states

A

Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
→ Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Anhalt – Duchy of Anhalt (from 1863 to July 1, 1867)
Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg (to 1863)
Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau (to 1863)
Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
Annam – Empire of Annam
Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
→ Argentina
- Argentine Confederation (to December 17, 1861)
- Argentine Republic (from December 17, 1861)
Aro – Aro Confederacy
Ashanti – Asante Union
→ Austria-Hungary Austria / Austria–Hungary
- Austrian Empire (to May 29, 1867)
- Austro-Hungarian Empire (from May 29, 1867)

B

Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
Bambara – Bambara Empire
Baol – Kingdom of Baol
Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland (to 1868)
Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Benin – Benin Empire
Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
Bornu – Bornu Empire
Brazil – Empire of Brazil
Bremen – Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (to July 1, 1867)
Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick (to July 1 1867)
Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
Burma – Kingdom of Burma
Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

C

Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia (to 1863)
→ Canada – Dominion of Canada (from July 1, 1867)
Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy (to March 22)
Chile – Republic of Chile
China – Great Qing
Colombia – United States of Colombia (from September 20, 1861)
Confederate States of America Confederate States
Cook Islands Rarotonga
Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Couto Misto (to June 23, 1868)

D

Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
→ Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic (from August 16, 1865)

E

→ Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
→ → El Salvador – El Salvador
Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

Fante – Fante Confederacy (from 1868)
Fiji – Tui Viti
France – Empire of the French
Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt (to October 8 1866)
Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

G

Garo – Kingdom of Garo
Gera – Kingdom of Gera
Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (renamed New Granada on July 18, 1861)
Greece – Kingdom of Greece
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma

H

Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Hamburg – Free City of Hamburg (to 1867)
Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover (to September 20 1866)
Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg (to 1866)
Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse (to 1866)
Holstein – Duchy of Holstein (to 1866)
Honduras – Republic of Honduras
Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine

I

Italy – Kingdom of Italy (from March 17 1861)

J

Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
Japan
- Tokugawa shogunate (to January 3, 1868)
- Empire of Japan (from January 3, 1868)
Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
Johor – Sultanate of Johor
Jolof – Jolof Kingdom

K

Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu (to 1867)
Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul
Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
Kashgaria – Kingdom of Kashgaria (from 1862)
Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
Kong – Kong Empire
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

L

Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Limburg – Duchy of Limburg ( to 1866)
Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
Lippe – Principality of Lippe (to July 1 1867)
Loango – Kingdom of Loango
Luba – Luba Empire
Lübeck – Free City of Lübeck (Lubeck) (to 1867)
Lunda – Lunda Empire
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
Massina – Massina Empire (to 1868)
Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (to July 1, 1867)
Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (to July 1, 1867)
→ → Mexico
- Republic of Mexico (to April 10, 1864)
- Mexican Empire (from April 10, 1864 to May 15, 1867)
- United Mexican States (from May 1867
Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman

N

Nassau – Duchy of Nassau (to 1866)
Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands
New Granada – United States of New Granada (July 18 to September 20, 1861)
Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
North German Confederation – North German Confederation (from July 1, 1867)
Norway – Kingdom of Norway (in personal union with Sweden)

O

Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (to July 1 1867)
Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State
Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
Papal States – States of the Church
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Perak – Sultanate of Perak
Persia – Persian Empire
Peru – Peruvian Republic
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia (to July 1 1867)

R

Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga
Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line (to July 1, 1867)
Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line (to July 1, 1867)
Romania - United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
Russia – Russian Empire
Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

S

Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
→ San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia (to March 17 1861)
Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg (to July 1 1867)
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (to July 1 1867)
Saxe-Lauenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, also Duchy of Lauenburg
Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen (to July 1)
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (to July 1 1867)
Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony (to July 1 1867)
Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe (to July 1 1867)
Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig (to 1866)
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (to July 1 1867)
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (to July 1 1867)
Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
Serbia – Principality of Serbia
Siam – Kingdom of Siam
Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
Transvaal – South African Republic
Spain – Kingdom of Spain
Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway)
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation

T

Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
Toro – Toro Kingdom
Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
→ Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (to February 12, 1861)

U

United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
→ → → → United States – United States of America
United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

V

→ Venezuela
- Republic of Venezuela (to 1864)
- United States of Venezuela (from 1864)

W

Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont (to July 1, 1867)
Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg

Y

Yeke – Yeke Kingdom

Z

Zanzibar – Sultanate of Zanzibar (from April 6, 1861)
Zululand – Kingdom of the Zulus

Non-sovereign territories

United Kingdom

Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope

States claiming sovereignty

Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
Alabama – Republic of Alabama (from January 11 to February 4, 1861)
Araucanía and Patagonia – Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (from November 17, 1860)
Arkansas – Republic of Arkansas (from May 6 to May 18, 1861)
Buenos Aires – State of Buenos Aires
→ → → → → Confederate States – Confederate States of America (from February 4, 1861 to May 5, 1865)
Cuba – Republic of Cuba (from October 10, 1868)
Ezo – Republic of Ezo (from December 15, 1868 to June 27, 1869)
Florida – Republic of Florida (from January 10 to February 4, 1861)
Goust – Republic of Goust
Louisiana – Republic of Louisiana (from January 26 to February 4, 1861)
Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
Mississippi – Republic of Mississippi (from January 9 to February 1, 1861)
North Carolina – Republic of North Carolina (from May 20 to May 21, 1861)
→ South Carolina – Republic of South Carolina (from December 20, 1860 to February 8, 1861)
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (to July 1864)
Tennessee - Republic of Tennessee (from June 8 to July 2, 1861)
Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
Texas – Republic of Texas (from February 1 to March 2, 1861)
Virginia – Republic of Virginia (from April 17 to May 7, 1861)

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