List of ports in India

India has a coastline spanning 7516.6 kilometres, forming one of the biggest peninsulas in the world. According to the Ministry of Shipping, around 95 per cent of India's trading by volume and 70 per cent by value is done through maritime transport. It is serviced by 12 major ports (11 Government-owned and one private) and 187 notified minor and intermediate ports. Port Blair which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed of its status recently. The total 200 major and non-major ports are present in the following States: Maharashtra (53); Gujarat (40); Tamil Nadu (15); Karnataka (10) and others (82).[1]

Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India

Chennai Port Trust, Tamil Nadu
Paradip Port Trust, Odisha
Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, Maharashtra
Visakhapatnam Port Trust, [[Andhra Pradesh]]

V. O. Chidambaranar Port Trust, Tamil Nadu
New Mangaluru Port Trust, Karnataka
Kochi Port Trust, Kerala
Mundra Port Trust, Gujarat
Haldia Port Trust, West Bengal

Government of India plans to modernise these ports and has approved a project called Sagarmala.[2] The ports and shipping industry in India play a vital role in sustaining growth in the country's trade and commerce. The Indian Government has allowed Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) of up to 100 per cent under the automatic route for port and harbour construction and maintenance projects. The government has also initiated National Maritime Development Programme (NMDP), an initiative to develop the maritime sector with a planned outlay of US$11.8 billion.

Classification of ports

Indian government has a quasi-federal structure, and according to its constitution, maritime transport is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's shipping ministry administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving public–private partnership.

Major ports handled over 74% of all cargo traffic in 2007. All except Kamarajar Port Limited are government administered, but private sector participation in ports has increased. There are also 7 shipyards under the control of the central government of India, 2 shipyards controlled by state governments, and 19 privately owned shipyards.

As of 2000, there were 102 shipping companies operating in India, of which five were privately owned and based in India and one was owned by Shipping Corporation of India. There were 639 government-owned ships, including 91 oil tankers, 79 dry cargo bulk carriers, and 10 cellular container vessels. Indian-flagged vessels carried about 15 percent of overseas cargo at Indian ports for financial year 2003.

Ship breaking

As of January 2020, India has 30% share of ship breaking with annual US$1.1 billion revenue, which is lower than its potential business since India is not a signatory to Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. Due to which treaty signatory nations, such as USA, Europe and Japan are not sending ships to India for breaking. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratifies the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target.[3] India's Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard is world's largest ships' graveyard.[3] Other ships' graveyard in India is the "Steel Industrials Kerala Limited".

Cargo handled

The following table gives the detailed data about the major ports of India[4] (Source: Indian Ports Association):

Deendayal Port Trust, Gujarat
Port of Quilon - The oldest and second largest port in Kerala, situated at Kollam city
Name State Cargo Handled
(FY2017-18)		 Container Traffic

(FY2017-18)

million tonnes% Increase
(over previous FY)		 '000 TEUs% Increase
(over previous FY)
Deendayal Port TrustGujarat110.104.42% ↑11795.73% ↑
Paradip Port TrustOdisha102.0114.68% ↑771.43% ↑
Jawaharlal Nehru Port TrustMaharashtra66.006.20% ↑4,8336.89% ↑
Visakhapatnam Port TrustAndhra Pradesh63.544.12% ↑3895.66% ↑
Mumbai Port TrustMaharashtra62.83-0.35% ↓42-2.38% ↓
Dr. Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port TrustWest Bengal57.8913.61% ↑7963.02% ↑
Chennai Port TrustTamil Nadu51.883.32% ↑1,5493.49% ↑
New Mangaluru Port TrustKarnataka42.065.28% ↑11517.39% ↑
V. O. Chidambaranar Port TrustTamil Nadu36.58-4.91% ↓6988.02% ↑
Kamarajar Port LimitedTamil Nadu30.451.42% ↑3100.00% ↑
Kochi Port TrustKerala29.1416.52% ↑55611.69% ↑
Mormugao Port TrustGoa26.90-18.94% ↓326.25% ↑
All PortsIndia679.374.77% ↑9,1387.62% ↑

References
  1. "MoS, GoI". Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2019.
  2. "Cabinet gives 'in principle' nod to concept of Sagarmala project". Economic Times, Times of India. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  3. India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
  4. "Operational Details". Indian Ports Association. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
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