List of massacres in Sri Lanka

The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Sri Lanka and its predecessors (numbers may be approximate):

Massacres in chronological order
Main articles: List of attacks on civilians attributed to Sri Lankan government forces, List of attacks on civilians attributed to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, and List of attacks attributed to the LTTE
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Massacre Date Location District Province Death
toll		 Perpetrators Refs
Madulla massacre9 December 1817MadullaCentral22British Colonial Army[1][2][3]
Uva-Wellassa Uprising massacre1818UvaThousands[lower-alpha 1]British Colonial Army[6][7][8][9][10][11]
Tamil conference incident10 January 1974JaffnaJaffnaNorthern9Police[12][13][14]
Puttalam massacre2 February 1976PuttalamPuttalamNorth Western6-7Police[12][15][16][17]
Murunkan massacre7 April 1978MurunkanVavuniyaNorthern51LTTE
Thirunelveli massacre24 July 1983ThirunelveliJaffnaNorthern51Army[18]
Welikada prison massacre25–27 July 1983Welikada Prison, ColomboColomboWestern53Sinhalese prisoners aided by Sinhalese prison guards[19][20][21]
Sampalthoddam massacreJanuary 1984SampalthoddamVavuniyaNorthern55-70Army[18]
Chunnakam Police station massacre8 January 1984ChunnakamJaffnaNorthern19-20Police[18]
Chunnakam market massacre18 March 1984ChunnakamJaffnaNorthern10Air Force[22][23][24]
Point Pedro massacre16 September 1984Point PedroJaffnaNorthern16Police[18]
Kent and Dollar Farm massacres30 November 1984MullaitivuNorthern62LTTE
Kokilai massacre1 December 1984KokilaiMullaitivuNorthern11LTTE
Othiyamalai massacre1 December 1984OthiyamalaiMullaitivuNorthern29-32Army[25][26][27]
Thennamarawadi massacre2-4 December 1984ThennamarawadiTrincomaleeEastern26Army[28]
Manal Aru massacre3 December 1984Manal AruMullaitivuNorthern100+Army[18]
Amaravayal massacre3-4 December 1984AmarivayalTrincomaleeEastern30-50Army[28]
Mannar massacre4 December 1984MurunkanMannarNorthern107-150Army[29][30][31][32][33]
Kokkilai massacres15 December 1984Several locationsMullaitivuNorthern131Army[18]
Mulliyavalai massacre16 January 1985MulliyavalaiMullaitivuNorthern52Army[18]
Vadakkandal massacre30 January 1985VadakkandalMannarNorthern52Air Force, Army[18]
Puthukkudiyiruppu massacre21 April 1985PuthukkudiyiruppuMullaitivuNorthern30Army[18]
Trincomalee massacresMay–September 1985Several placesTrincomaleeEastern280+Army, Home Guards, Navy[18][34]
Valvettithurai massacre12 May 1985ValvettithuraiJaffnaNorthern46-70Army[18][31][35][36]
Anuradhapura massacre14 May 1985AnuradhapuraAnuradhapuraNorth Central146LTTE[37][38]
Kumudini boat massacre15 May 1985SeaJaffnaNorthern23Navy[39][40]
Thambiluvil massacre17 May 1985ThambiluvilAmparaEastern20 - 40Police (STF)[41] [42]
Killiveddy massacre30 May 1985KilliveddyTrincomaleeEastern44Police[43]
Muttur massacre8-11 November 1985MutturTrincomaleeEastern30-100Air Force, Army, Navy[18]
Kantalai massacre9 November 1985KantalaiTrincomaleeEastern6Army[18]
Akkaraipattu massacre19 February 1986AkkaraipattuAmparaEastern80Army[44][45][46]
Air Lanka Flight 5123 May 1986BIA, KatunayakeGampahaWestern21LTTE[47]
Prawn farm massacre / Kokkadichcholai massacre27 January 1987KokkadichcholaiBatticaloaEastern83Police (STF)[48][49][50][51][52]
Aluth Oya massacre17 April 1987HabaranaAnuradhapuraNorth Central127LTTE[53][54][55]
Central Bus Station bombing21 April 1987ColomboColomboWestern116LTTE
Aranthalawa massacre2 June 1987AranthalawaAmparaEastern33LTTE
1987 Eastern Province massacres29 September 1987-8 October 1987Eastern200+LTTE[56]
Jaffna hospital massacre21–22 October 1987JaffnaJaffnaNorthern68-70IPKF50 injured
Valvettiturai massacre2–3 August 1989ValvettituraiJaffnaNorthern64IPKF43 injured
Nittambuwa massacre27 February 1990NittambuwaGampahaWestern12Police[57]
Police officers massacre11 June 1990Eastern600-774LTTE[58][59]
Thiriyai massacremid-June 1990ThiriyaiTrincomaleeEastern25-35Army[60]
Kalmunai massacre12 June 1990KalmunaiAmparaEastern160-250Army[61][62][63][64]
Kattankudy mosque massacre3 August 1990KattankudyBatticaloaEastern147LTTE[65]
Veeramunai massacre12 August 1990VeeramunaiAmparaEastern21Home Guards[66]
Eastern University massacre / Vantharamulai campus massacre5 September 1990BatticaloaBatticaloaEastern158Army[41][67][68]
Batticaloa massacre / Sathurukondan massacre9 September 1990BatticaloaBatticaloaEastern184Army[41][69][70][71][72][73][74]
Chavakachcheri market massacre9 October 1990ChavakachcheriJaffnaNorthern12Army[66]
Kondaichchi massacreFebruary 1991KondaichchiMannarNorthern4Army[66]
Eravur massacre20 February 1991EravurBatticaloaEastern6Home Guards[66]
Iruthayapuram massacreMarch 1991IruthayapuramBatticaloaEastern11Police[66]
Nayanmar Thidal massacre12 April 1991Nayanmar Thidal, TampalakamamTrincomaleeEastern4[75]
Kokkadichcholai massacre12 June 1991KokkadichcholaiBatticaloaEastern152Army[41][49][50][68][76][77][78]
Palliyagodella massacre15 October 1991PalliyagodellaPolonnaruwaNorth Central109LTTE[38][53]
Polonnaruwa massacre29 April 1992Muthugal and KarapolaPolonnaruwaNorth Central87Home Guards, LTTE, Police[41][79][80]
Mylanthanai massacre9 August 1992MylanthanaiBatticaloaEastern35Army[41][81][82][83]
Paliyadvaddai massacre24 October 1992PaliyadvaddaiBatticaloaEastern10-11[84]
Jaffna lagoon massacre / Kilaly massacre2 January 1993Jaffna LagoonJaffnaNorthern35-100Navy[85][86][87][88]
Vannathi Aru massacre17 February 1993Vannathi AruBatticaloaEastern16Army[41]
Kalviankadu massacre27 July 1993KalviankaduJaffnaNorthern6Air Force[89]
Jaffna lagoon massacre29 July 1993Jaffna LagoonJaffnaNorthern19Navy[89]
Kallarawa massacre25 May 1995KallarawaTrincomaleeEastern42LTTE
Pulmoddai massacre6 May 1995PulmoddaiTrincomaleeEastern5Army[90]
Navaly church bombing9 July 1995NavalyJaffnaNorthern125Air Force[91][92][93]
Nagerkovil school bombing22 September 1995NagerkovilJaffnaNorthern39Air Force[94][95][96]
Eastern Sri Lanka massacres16 October 1995Villages in eastern Sri LankaEastern120LTTE
Central Bank bombing31 January 1996ColomboColomboWestern91LTTE[37]
Kumarapuram massacre / Trincomalee massacre / Killiveddy massacre11 February 1996KumarapuramTrincomaleeEastern24Army[97][98][99][100][101]
Dehiwala train bombing24 July 1996DehiwalaColomboWestern64LTTE
Temple of the Tooth attack25 January 1998Temple of the Tooth, KandyKandyCentral17LTTE[102][103][104]
Tampalakamam massacre3 February 1998TampalakamamTrincomaleeEastern8Home Guards, Police[105][106][107][107]
Lionair Flight 60229 September 1998SeaMannarNorthern55LTTE[108]
Puthukkudiyiruppu bombing15 September 1999PuthukkudiyiruppuMullaitivuNorthern21Air Force[109]
Gonagala massacre18 September 1999GonagalaAmparaEastern50LTTE
Pallikuda bombing12 May 2000PallikudaKilinochchiNorthern5Air Force[110]
Silivaturai massacre13 May 2000SilivaturaiMannarNorthern5Navy[110]
Columbuthurai massacre15 May 2000ColumbuthuraiJaffnaNorthern5Army[110]
Bindunuwewa massacre25 October 2000BindunuwewaBadullaUva26Sinhalese villagers[111][112][113][114][115]
Mirusuvil massacre20 December 2000MirusuvilJaffnaNorthern8Army[116][116][117][118][119]
Trincomalee massacre2 January 2006TrincomaleeTrincomaleeEastern5Police (STF)[120][121][121][122][123]
Gomarankadawala massacre23 April 2006GomarankadawalaTrincomaleeEastern6LTTE
Allaipiddy massacre13 May 2006AllaipiddyJaffnaNorthern13EPDP, Navy[124][125][126]
Kebithigollewa massacre15 June 2006KebithigollewaAnuradhapuraNorth Central66LTTE
Pesalai Church attack17 June 2006PesalaiMannarNorthern6Navy[127][128][129]
Trincomalee massacre of NGO workers / Muttur massacre4 August 2006MutturTrincomaleeEastern17Home Guards, Police[130][131]
St. Philip Neri Church shelling13 August 2006AllaipiddyJaffnaNorthern15 - 36Army[132][133][134][135]
Chencholai bombing14 August 2006MullaitivuMullaitivuNorthern61Air Force[136][137][138][139]
Digampathana bombing / Habarana massacre16 October 2006DigampathahaMatale DistrictCentral92-103LTTE
Vaharai Bombing / Vaharai Shelling7 November 2006KathiraveliBatticaloaEastern45Army[140]
Massacre at Thandikulam19 November 2006ThandikulamVavuniyaNorthern5Army, Police[141][142][143]
Padahuthurai bombing / Illuppaikadavai bombing2 January 2007IlluppaikadavaiMannarNorthern15Air Force[144][145]
Murukandy claymore attack23 May 2008MurukandyMullaitivuNorthern16Army[146]
Tharmapuram Hospital shelling8 January 2009TharmapuramMullaitivuNorthern7Army[147]
Vallipuram Hospital shelling22 January 2009VallipuramMullaitivuNorthern5Army[147]
Suthanthirapuram shelling24 January 2009Suthanthirapuram JunctionMullaitivuNorthern11+Army[148]
Udayaarkaddu Hospital shelling26 January 2009UdayaarkadduMullaitivuNorthern12Army[147]
Puthukkudiyiruppu Hospital shelling1-3 February 2009PuthukkudiyiruppuMullaitivuNorthern9+Army[147][148][149][150]
Ponnambalam Memorial Hospital bombing5-6 February 2009Near PuthukkudiyiruppuMullaitivuNorthern75 (up to)[147][148][150]
Putumattalan Hospital shelling9 February-20 April 2009PutumattalanMullaitivuNorthern51+Army[147][148][151][152]
Valayanmadam makeshift hospital bombing21 April 2009ValayanmadamMullaitivuNorthern4-5Air Force[147]
Mullivaikkal Hospital bombings23 April-12 May 2009MullivaikkalMullaitivuNorthern100+Air Force, Army[147][153][154][155][156][157][158]
Mulivaikal massacre (2009)May 2009MullivaikkalMullaitivuNorthern40,000 Tamil civiliansArmy[159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168]
Welikada prison riot9-10 November 2012Welikada PrisonColomboWestern27Army, Police (STF)[169][170]
Weliweriya Protestors' Attack1 August 2013WeliweiryaGampahaWestern3Army[171][172][173]
Easter sunday massacre21 April 2019Colombo, Batticaloa, NegomboColombo, Gampaha, BatticaloaWestern, Eastern250+ISIS, NTJ

Notes
  1. Male population above 18 years in Uva Province were ordered to kill by the British governor of Ceylon Sir Robert Brownrigg.[4][5]

References
  1. Appuhamy, Durand. "The Madulla massacre by the British (9th of Dec. 1817)". WWW Virtual Library Sri Lanka.
  2. "British Massacres". New British Empire. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  3. [Report of the Sinhala Commission, Part 1], page 55,National Joint Committee, 1998
  4. Lessons on British ‘decency’, The Nation
  5. British time Gazette to be revoked, Daily Mirror
  6. "A Moral Audit of the British Empire". Brendon, Piers. History Today.
  7. Sri Lanka is to revoke British Governor’s infamous Gazette Notification Archived 2016-01-02 at the Wayback Machine, Asian Tribune, Sat, 2011-03-12. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  8. Sumanawathie’s success brings lustre back to Uva Wellassa, Ceylon Daily News, 21 October 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  9. Keerthisinghe, Lakshman I. (2013). "The British duplicity in protecting human rights in Sri Lanka". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  10. Human Rights came down the generations, Sunday Observer, August 2010
  11. Uva destroyed by the Brits now soars, Daily News, November 2012
  12. Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 24: Tamil militancy - a manifestation". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.
  13. Hoole, Rajan (2001). "Chapter 2: Antecedents of July 1983 and the Foundations of Impunity". Sri Lanka: the Arrogance of Power : Myths, Decadence and Murder. University Teachers for Human Rights. ISBN 978-955-9447-04-7.
  14. "35th anniversary of Tamil Conference victims held in Jaffna". TamilNet. 11 January 2009.
  15. Wilson, A. Jeyaratnam (1994). S.J.V.Chelvanayakam and the Crisis of Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism, 1947-1977 (PDF). C. Hurst & Co. p. 112.
  16. "Asia Report N°134 - Sri Lanka's Muslims: Caught in the Crossfire" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 29 May 2007. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015.
  17. Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (20 September 2014). "Ashraff's mystique still lingers among Eastern Muslims". The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka).
  18. Massacres of Tamils (1956-2008). Chennai: NESOHR/Manitham Publications. 2009. p. 15. ISBN 978-81-909737-0-0.
  19. "ASA/37/15/94 When Will Justice Be Done?". Amnesty International. 1 July 1994.
  20. Hoole, Rajan (2001). "Chapter 10: The Welikade Prison Massacres". Sri Lanka: The Arrogance of Power - Myths, Decadence & Murder. University Teachers for Human Rights. ISBN 978-955-9447-04-7.
  21. "Sri Lanka's Welikada prison clash leaves 27 dead". BBC News. 10 November 2012.
  22. "10 Die in Sri Lanka As Troops Fire at Crowd". New York Times. Associated Press. 29 March 1984.
  23. Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 30: Whirlpool of violence". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.
  24. Satyendra, Nadesan (15 April 1984). "The Chunnakam Massacre". Tamil Nation.
  25. Sabaratnam, T. (28 May 2008). "The ignored side of Balraj story". The Bottom Line (Sri Lanka). Archived from the original on 30 May 2008.
  26. "Janaka Perera". LankaNewspapers.com. 7 October 2008.
  27. Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of terror". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.
  28. Sabaratnam, T. "Chapter 23: Manal Aru becomes Weli Oya". Pirapaharan: Volume Two. Ilankai Tamil Sangam.
  29. "Report No. 1 - Chapter 2". University Teachers for Human Rights. January 1989.
  30. "Mannar human rights activist Fr Mary Bastian remembered". TamilNet. 6 January 2004.
  31. Brown, Cynthia, ed. (1995). Playing the "Communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights. Human rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-152-7.
  32. Marks, Thomas (1996). Maoist Insurgency Since Vietnam. Routledge. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-7146-4606-0.
  33. "Soldiers in Sri Lanka Are Reported to Kill 85". New York Times. Associated Press. 6 December 1984.
  34. "Special Report No. 26 - Can the East be won through Human Culling?". University Teachers for Human Rights. 3 August 2007.
  35. "Report No. 2 - Chapter 4". University Teachers for Human Rights. March 1989.
  36. Hoole, Rajan (2001). Sri Lanka: the Arrogance of Power : Myths, Decadence and Murder. University Teachers for Human Rights. p. 214. ISBN 978-955-9447-04-7.
  37. "Timeline of the Tamil conflict". BBC News. 4 September 2000.
  38. Sturcke, James (2 November 2007). "Conflict in Sri Lanka". The Guardian.
  39. Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 32: Limbo between war and peace". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.
  40. Somasundaram, Daya (1998). Scarred Minds: The Psychological Impact of War on Sri Lankan Tamils. Sage Publications. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-7619-9267-7.
  41. "ASA 37/015/1994 Sri Lanka: When will justice be done?" (PDF). Amnesty International. 30 June 1994.
  42. Cycles of Violence: Human Rights in Sri Lanka Since the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement, Barnett R. Rubin, December 1987
  43. "Information Bulletin No.10 - Trincomalee District in February 1996: Focusing on the Killiveddy Massacre". University Teachers for Human Rights. 2 March 1996.
  44. Frerks, George; Klem, Bart (2004). Dealing with diversity: Sri Lankan Discourses on Peace and Conflict. Netherlands Institute of International Relations. p. 118. ISBN 978-90-5031-091-8.
  45. Hawksley, Humphrey (22 February 1986). "Massacre in Akkaraipattu". The Guardian/Tamil Nation.
  46. IDSA News Review on South Asia/Indian Ocean. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1985. p. 363.
  47. "3 May: 1986: Bomb kills 21 in Sri Lanka". On This Day. BBC.
  48. Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 33: India shows its hand". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.
  49. McConnell, D. (2008). "The Tamil people's right to self-determination". Cambridge Review of International Affairs. 21 (1): 59–76. doi:10.1080/09557570701828592.
  50. "Report No. 8: The Debasement of Law and of Humanity and the Drift Towards Total War - Chapter 3: The Kokkadichcholai Massacre & After". University Teachers for Human Rights. 28 August 1991.
  51. Gharavi, Hamid (1 May 1998). "Arbitration under Bilateral Investment Treaties, American Arbitration Association's A.D.R.J. and Mealey's Int. Arb. Report, May 1998". Salans. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2007.
  52. McGowan, William (1992). Only Man Is Vile: The Tragedy of Sri Lanka. Farrar Straus & Giroux. pp. 243–244. ISBN 978-0-374-22652-7.
  53. "Letter sent by the Permanent Representative of Sri Lanka to the Centre for Human Rights". United Nations Human Rights Council. 9 August 1994.
  54. Tamils Kill 18 Near Site of Massacre, Los Angeles Times, April 20, 1987
  55. Gory carnage of killing innocent civilians-Chronology of Ltte Terror - Part 30, Daily News
  56. Rubin, Barnett (1987). Cycles of Violence: Human Rights in Sri Lanka Since the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 9780938579434. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  57. "ASA 37/020/1990 Sri Lanka Briefing: A human rights crisis" (PDF). Amnesty International. 1 September 1990. p. 5.
  58. Somarathne, Rasika (11 June 2011). "Recalling 'the saddest day in Lankan Police history'". Daily News (Sri Lanka). Archived from the original on 24 August 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  59. "Killing of 774 policemen". Rivira (in Sinhala). 12 June 2011. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  60. Lanka), University of Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna, Sri (1993). A Sovereign will to self-destruct: the continuing sage of dislocation & disintegration. University Teachers for Human Rights, University of Jaffna. p. 46.
  61. Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 45: War continues with brutality". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.
  62. "Report No. 7: The Clash of Ideologies and the Continuing Tragedy in the Batticaloa and Amparai Districts - Chapter 2: Reports". University Teachers for Human Rights. 8 May 1991.
  63. "Report No. 5: August: A Bloody Stalemate - Chapter 9: The East : Looking Back". University Teachers for Human Rights. 10 September 1990.
  64. "Briefing No. 1 - Human rights and The Issues of War and Peace". University Teachers for Human Rights. August 1992.
  65. "147 Muslims Massacred by Tamil "Tigers" in Sri Lanka". Xinhua News Agency. 4 August 1990.
  66. "ASA 37/014/1991 Sri Lanka: The Northeast: Human rights violations in a context of armed conflict" (PDF). Amnesty International. 31 August 1991.
  67. "Report No. 7: The Clash of Ideologies and the Continuing Tragedy in the Batticaloa and Amparai Districts - Chapter 4: The Refugee Camp at the Eastern University, Vantharumoolai". University Teachers for Human Rights. 8 May 1991.
  68. "World Report 2002 - Events of 2001 : Sri Lanka". Human Rights Watch.
  69. Hoole, Rajan (2001). Sri Lanka: the Arrogance of Power : Myths, Decadence and Murder. University Teachers for Human Rights. pp. 378–397. ISBN 978-955-9447-04-7.
  70. McDermott, Rachel Fell, ed. (2008). Encountering Kali: In the Margins, at the Center, in the West. University of California Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-520-23240-2.
  71. "Report No. 8: The Debasement of Law and of Humanity and the Drift Towards Total War - Chapter 2: Batticaloa and Amparai Districts". University Teachers for Human Rights. 28 August 1991.
  72. Caron, Cynthia (15 March 2003). "Floundering Peace Process: Need to Widen Participation". Economic and Political Weekly. 38 (11): 1029–1031. JSTOR 4413336.
  73. Lawrence, Patricia (2001). The Ocean of Stories ; Children's Imagination, Creativity, and Reconciliation in Eastern Sri Lanka. International Centre for Ethnic Studies. p. 40. ISBN 978-955-580-076-1.
  74. "Sri Lankan Tamil rebels commemorate civilian killings in eastern town". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
  75. "ASA 37/001/1992 Sri Lanka: Summary of human rights concerns during 1991" (PDF). Amnesty International. 1 January 1992.
  76. "The Tamil people's right to self-determination" (PDF). Cambridge Review of International Affairs. 1 March 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
  77. Disappearances and political crisis: Human Rights crisis of 1990s, A manual for action. Amnesty International. 1994. pp. 16–22. ISBN 978-90-6463-095-8.
  78. Jayawardena, Kishali Pinto (19 July 1998). "Recognizing some valuable lessons: The Krishanthi case in retrospect". The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka).
  79. "ASA 37/010/1992 Sri Lanka: Deliberate killings of Muslim and Tamil villagers in Polonnaruwa" (PDF). Amnesty International. 31 May 1992.
  80. "Report No. 11: Land, Human rights & The Eastern Predicament - Chapter 7: Massacres In The Polonnaruwa District". University Teachers for Human Rights. 15 April 1993.
  81. "Soldiers acquitted in Sri Lanka". BBC News. 26 November 2002.
  82. "Jury finds Mylanthanai massacre accused not guilty". Sri Lanka Monitor. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012.
  83. "Special Report No. 16 - Child Conscription and Peace: A Tragedy of Contradictions". University Teachers for Human Rights. 18 March 2003.
  84. "ASA 37/001/1993 Sri Lanka: An assessment of the human rights situation" (PDF). Amnesty International. 1 February 1993.
  85. "Report No. 10: Rays of Hope Amidst Deepening Gloom - Chapter 0: Special Feature : Massacre in the Jaffna Lagoon". University Teachers for Human Rights. 15 January 1993.
  86. Fernando, Shamindra (5 January 1993). "Navy demolishes Tiger boats". The Island (Sri Lanka).
  87. Olsen, Bendigt (1994). Human Rights in Developing Countries - Yearbook. Springer. p. 368. ISBN 978-90-6544-845-3.
  88. Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 53: The Kilaly massacre". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.
  89. "Special Report No. 5 - From Manal Aru To Weli Oya and The spirit of July 1983". University Teachers for Human Rights. 15 September 1993.
  90. "ASA 37/010/1995 Sri Lanka: Reports of extrajudicial executions during May 1995" (PDF). Amnesty International. 31 May 1995.
  91. "Sri Lanka: Stop Killings of Civilians". Human Rights Watch. July 1995.
  92. "Sri Lanka Human Rights Practices, 1995". United States Department of State/University of Illinois at Chicago. March 1996. Archived from the original on 20 March 2005.
  93. Somasundaram, D. (1997). "Abandoning jaffna hospital: Ethical and moral dilemmas". Medicine, Conflict and Survival . 13 (4): 333–347. doi:10.1080/13623699708409357.
  94. "World Report 1996: Sri Lanka". Human Rights Watch.
  95. "Navy assault on fishermen". Sri Lanka Monitor. Archived from the original on 12 June 2003.
  96. "Srilanka : Civilian well being in a time of war : A lost hope?". University Teachers for Human Rights. 10 October 1995.
  97. "Amnesty International report".
  98. "Report on Kumarapuram massacre". Archived from the original on 4 October 2006.
  99. "probe Trincomalee massacre".
  100. "HRW Report".
  101. "Kumarapuram village".
  102. "Eleven die in Sri Lankan temple suicide bomb". BBC News. 25 January 1998.
  103. "Religious ceremonies to commemorate the LTTE attack on Temple of tooth in Sri Lanka". Colombo Page. 25 January 2009. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  104. Nubin, Walter (2003). Sri Lanka: Current Issues and Historical Background. Nova Publishers. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-59033-573-4.
  105. "Amnesty International Report". Amnesty International.org. Retrieved 6 January 2006.
  106. "Tampalakamam accused shot dead". Tamilnet.com. Retrieved 6 January 2006.
  107. "Amnesty International Report". Amnesty International.org. Retrieved 28 February 2007.
  108. Mehta, Ashok K. (April 2000). "More than ever, Eelam seems a reality now". Rediff.com.
  109. Sri Lanka: Air Force bombing at Puthukkudiyiruppu -- Amnesty International's concerns, Amnesty International, 16 September 1999
  110. MSF urges respect for the safety of civilians caught in Sri Lanka fighting, Médecins Sans Frontières, 16 May 2000
  111. "Sri Lanka: Ethnic Violence Escalates". Human Rights Watch. 1 November 2000.
  112. "Special Report No: 19 The Curse of Impunity Part I Bindunuwewa, the Thin End of the Wedge of Impunity". University Teachers for Human Rights. 12 June 2005.
  113. "ASA 37/031/2000 Sri Lanka: Open letter to Sri Lanka's President on the killing of 26 detainees". Amnesty International. 27 October 2000.
  114. "Sri Lanka: The Bindunuwewa Massacre and Sri Lanka's defective justice system". Asian Human Rights Commission. 30 May 2005.
  115. "25 killed in detention centre massacre". TamilNet. 25 October 2000.
  116. "Mirusuvil massacre case". BBC.com. 9 May 2007.
  117. "Child soldiers:Understanding the context" (PDF). BMJ.com. 6 May 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2007.
  118. "Mirusuvil mass graves". British Refugee Council: Sri Lanka Monitor. 9 May 2007. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008.
  119. "Activities of Center for Human Rights Development". chrdsrilanka.org. 9 May 2007. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  120. Unfinished Business of the Five Students and ACF Cases– A Time to call the Bluff
  121. "Is the State complacent?". The Nation. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
  122. "'Murder of five Tamil youths highlights need to end impunity' – Govt must protect witnesses to Trinco killings – HRW". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
  123. "Tamil journalist gunned down in Trincomalee after covering paramilitary abuses". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 28 February 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2007.
  124. Sri Lanka: Amnesty International condemns killings of civilians Archived 11 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Amnesty International Canada, 16 May 2006
  125. The Choice between Anarchy and International Law with Monitoring, University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna) Special Report No. 23, 7 November 2006
  126. Sri Lanka villagers flee massacre, BBC News, 20 May 2006
  127. Probe on Pesalai church attack - Acting on local and international reports Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, LankaNewspapers.com, 24 June 2006
  128. Sri Lankan forces 'target church', BBC News, 18 June 2006
  129. Catholic church attacked; bishop accuses navy, National Catholic Reporter, 20 June 2006
  130. "15 NGO workers killed". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 8 August 2006. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
  131. Huggler, Justin (31 August 2006). "Europe accuses Sri Lankan army of assassinating aid workers". The Independent, UK. London. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
  132. The Killing Match Archived 24 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Amnesty International Magazine, Winter 2006
  133. From Welikade to Mutur and Pottuvil: A Generation of Moral Denudation and the Rise of Heroes with Feet of Clay, University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna) Special Report No. 25, 31 May 2007
  134. Sri Lanka church shelled in gov’t attack on rebels Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Catholic Online, 14 August 2006
  135. Hell in the north: church and children's home destroyed Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, AsiaNews.it, 14 August 2006
  136. "61 girls killed in airstrike, 8 dead in Colombo blast (2nd Roundup)". Monsters and Critics. 14 August 2006. Archived from the original on 21 May 2007.
  137. Huggler, Justin (16 August 2006). "Sri Lankan army warns children can be targets". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  138. "Dispute over Sri Lanka air raids". BBC News. 15 August 2006. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  139. Sri Lankan schoolgirls killed
  140. "Lanka army 'kills 45 civilians'". BBC. 8 November 2006. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
  141. Sri Lanka to open road to Jaffna, BBC News, 20 November 2006
  142. Soldier, PC arrested in Thandikulam killing Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Daily News, 27 November 2006
  143. Sri Lanka Troops Kill 5 Youths, Monitors Say, New York Times, 20 November 2006
  144. Sri Lanka raid 'kills civilians', BBC News, 2 January 2007
  145. War of words and figures as press gets less access to the field Archived 24 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Reporters Sans Frontiers, 5 January 2007
  146. http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=25734
  147. "Sri Lanka: Repeated Shelling of Hospitals Evidence of War Crimes". Human Rights Watch. 8 May 2010.
  148. "Asia Report N°191 - WAR CRIMES IN SRI LANKA". International Crisis Group. 17 May 2010. Archived from the original on 10 July 2010.
  149. "Sri Lanka: ICRC maintains support for hospital hit by shelling". International Committee of the Red Cross. 2 February 2009.
  150. "Report to Congress on Incidents During the Recent Conflict in Sri Lanka" (PDF). Department of State. 22 October 2009.
  151. "Sri Lanka: ICRC evacuates over 240 wounded and sick from the Vanni by sea". International Committee of the Red Cross. 10 February 2009.
  152. Chamberlain, Gethin (9 April 2010). "Sri Lankan hospital shelled in Tamil no-fire zone". The Guardian. London.
  153. "Hospital 'hit by Sri Lankan army'". BBC News. 2 May 2009.
  154. Paton Walsh, Nick (2 May 2009). "Sri Lankan army hits hospital". Channel 4 News.
  155. "64 civilians killed in Sri Lanka hospital attack". Daily Telegraph. London. 2 May 2009.
  156. "Sri Lanka war zone hospital 'hit'". BBC News. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
  157. "Doctor says 49 killed in Sri Lanka hospital attack". London: The Guardian. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
  158. "49 patients killed as shell hits Lanka hospital". The Times of India. 12 May 2009. Archived from the original on 22 May 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
  159. "Sri Lanka justice: leaked UN document casts doubts". Channel 4. 28 July 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  160. "The broken survivors of Sri Lanka's civil war". Frances Harrison. BBC. 11 October 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  161. "Sri Lanka: Satellite imagery of safe zone". BBC News. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  162. "UN 'failed Sri Lanka civilians', says internal probe". Lyse Doucet. BBC. 13 November 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  163. "UN calls for Sri Lanka war crimes court to investigate atrocities". The Guardian. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  164. "Revisiting May 2009 - Civilians walk into SL camps after thousands killed in night of shelling, surrendering LTTE leadership killed, Tamils blockade Westminster". Tamil Guardian. 18 May 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  165. "U.N. Report Urges Sri Lanka to Set Up War Crimes Tribunal". Wall Street Journal. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  166. "Tamil leaders honor dead from Sri Lankan war at battle zone". Krishan Francis. Yahoo News. 18 May 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  167. "British envoy banned in war without witnesses". The Independent. 14 February 2009. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  168. "Sri Lanka Massacred Tens of Thousands of Tamils While the World Looked Away". Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. 11 August 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  169. "Sri Lanka's prison clash 'a massacre'". BBC News. 1 November 2012.
  170. "Sri Lanka Opposition Says 27 Prisoners Died in a 'Massacre'". Associated Press/The New York Times. 11 November 2012.
  171. Srinivasan, Meera (5 August 2013). "Three killed as Sri Lankan Army clamps down on protesters". The Hindu.
  172. "Sri Lanka: Investigate 'Clean Water' Protest Deaths". Human Rights Watch. 9 August 2013.
  173. Kannangara, Nirmala (11 August 2013). "The Cry For Water At Weliweriya". The Sunday Leader.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.