List of fictional towns and villages

This is a list of fictional towns, villages and cities organized by each city's medium. This list should include only well-referenced, notable examples of fictional towns, cities, settlements and villages that are integral to a work of fiction and substantively depicted therein. Fictional cities, towns and counties are arrows in the fiction writers' quivers they lend an air of authenticity to the story, and since there are so many of them, readers find them to be a plausible addition that makes the story more realistic.[1]

Star City International Airport, shown in DC Showcase: Green Arrow.

Comics

NameDebutCreator(s)PublisherNotes
Gotham CityBatman #4 (Winter 1940)Bob Kane, Bill FingerDC ComicsA fictional American city that is the home of Batman, and the principal setting for all Batman comics, films, and other adaptations. Generally portrayed as a dark, crime-ridden locale, writer/artist Frank Miller has described Gotham City as New York City at night. It was originally strongly inspired by Trenton, Ontario's history, location, atmosphere, and various architectural styles, and has since incorporated elements from New York City, Detroit, Pittsburgh, London and Chicago. Anton Furst's designs of Gotham for Tim Burton's Batman (1989) have been influential on subsequent portrayals: he set out to "make Gotham City the ugliest and bleakest metropolis imaginable."[2]
MetropolisAction Comics #16 (Sept 1939)DC ComicsA fictional American city that is the home of Superman, and along with Smallville, one of the principal settings for all Superman comics, films, and other adaptations.
Blüdhaven Nightwing Vol 1 #1 Chuck Dixon, Scott McDaniel DC Comics A fictional American city located in New Jersey. A former whaling town, which was officially incorporated as a "Commonwealth" in 1912. The town had a generally poor socio-economic populace, owing in part to failed efforts to transform itself into a manufacturing and shipping center. In modern times, it became more dangerous than Gotham, ruled by gangs and a corrupt police department. Nightwing is the most common heroic presence.
Duckburg Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #49 (1944) Carl Barks Disney Fictional city that appears in various Disney comic books and animated projects, located in the fictional state of Calisota. It is the home of Donald Duck, Scrooge McDuck, Huey, Dewey and Louie Duck, Daisy Duck, and most of their supporting cast. Various writers have given it a long and complex history; it was originally known as "Fort Drake Borough", a fort built in the 16th century by British explorer Sir Francis Drake. By the 19th century, the fort had been handed over by its departing British occupants to Cornelius Coot, who renamed the fort "Duckburg".
District X New X-Men #127 Grant Morrison, John Paul Leon Marvel Comics A ghetto like neighbourhood of New York City, where most of the inhabitants are Mutants, with the rise of Manhattan's mutant population coupled with racism among normal humans, led to mutants forming their own community in a ghetto established in or around Alphabet City, Manhattan; Middle East Side, Mutant Town are its other names. A series of explosions incinerated much of the neighborhood, with Arcade's force fields preventing fire fighters from entering the area until the entire district had been utterly annihilated. Now District X has been destroyed completely.
Basin City Dark Horse Presents Fifth Anniversary Special (April 1991) Frank Miller Dark Horse Comics A fictional town in the American west, almost universally called "Sin City". Founded as a mining town, the Roark family "imported" prostitutes to keep the miners happy, eventually making great profit both from the ore and "tourism". In the modern era, the town is governed by criminal organizations, most of them descendants of both the Roarks and the original prostitutes, Basin City becoming a dangerous red-light district.
Rajnagar Raj Comics A fictional Indian town where some of India's iconic superheroes like Super Commando Dhruva, Chandika resides.
Riverdale Pep Comics #22 (Dec 1941) Maurice Coyne, Louis Silberkleit, John L. Goldwater Archie Comic Publications, Inc. Riverdale is a fictional city that appears in the Archie Comics. Its exact location is unknown but it is presented to be a suburban town with parks, shopping malls, and restaurants. Publisher John L. Goldwater has said that the town is based on his own hometown of Hiawatha, Kansas, while Archie artist Bob Montana has said that it is based on his hometown of Haverhill, Massachusetts.
Smallville, KansasSuperboy #2 (May 1949)DC ComicsA fictional town in Kansas that is the hometown of Superman, where he landed on earth as an infant and was raised under an ordinary human identity in a small, idyllic farming community. Comics and adapted media that portray Superman's origin typically show his growing up in Smallville (such as Superman: The Movie (1978)), and the adult Superman also returns to visit. Smallville debuted in comics as the setting for Superboy (originally the identity of Superman as a youth, later made into a separate character) but was first mentioned in The Adventures of Superman radio show. The television series Smallville broadcast from 2001 to 2011.
Star City Green Arrow George Papp, Mort Weisinger DC comics Home of the fictional vigilantes Green Arrow and Black Canary. They fight crime in this city.
Central City Flash Gardner Fox, Harry Lampert DC comics Home of the fictional crimefighter the Flash.
Kamar-Taj Strange Tales #110 (July 1963) Stan Lee, Steve Ditko Marvel Comics A village hidden high in the Himalayas, where Doctor Strange learns magic from the Ancient One.

Film

City/Town Film Name Distributor(s) Notes
Bedford Falls It’s a Wonderful Life Liberty Films Bedford Falls is a fictitious town in upstate New York, named Pottersville in the timeline where George was never born.
Derry, Maine It Warner Bros. Derry is a fictional town created by Stephen King to serve as a nexus of horror in books such as It, Insomnia, The Tommyknockers, and 11/22/63.
Hill Valley, California Back to the Future Universal Hill Valley is a fictional town in California, located in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and 16 miles from Grass Valley.
Emerald City The Wizard of Oz MGM The Emerald City is the fictional capital city of the Land of Oz based on L. Frank Baum's series of Oz books. It was first described in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The city is sometimes called the City of Emeralds due to its extensively green architecture.
Zion The Matrix Warner Brothers Zion is a fictional city in The Matrix films. It is the last human city on the planet Earth after a cataclysmic nuclear war between humankind and sentient Machines, which resulted in artificial lifeforms dominating the world.
Mos Eisley Star Wars 20th Century Fox Mos Eisley is a setting in the fictional Star Wars universe. It is introduced as a spaceport[3] town on the planet Tatooine which Obi-Wan Kenobi (played by Alec Guinness) describes as a "wretched hive of scum and villainy." It is the home of the Mos Eisley cantina and Figrin D'an and the Modal Nodes.
Coruscant Star Wars 20th Century Fox Coruscant is a fictional planet and city in the Star Wars universe. It has a population of about a trillion.
Stepford The Stepford Wives Fadsin Cinema Associates (1975), Paramount Pictures (2004) Stepford, Connecticut is the setting in the Stepford Wives films and novel The Stepford Wives. Although the focus is on the wives, the fictional location is also worthy of note.
Questa Verde Poltergeist MGM Studios Questa Verde, California is a setting in the 1982 Poltergeist film. The film centered around Carol Anne Freeling and her family who experience poltergeist activity in their house and their attempts at rescuing Carol Anne who was abducted and held captive in another dimension.
Toontown Who Framed Roger Rabbit Touchstone Pictures (1988) Fictional town that borders Burbank, California, it is designed specifically to act as a home for Toons, and as a result, the laws of physics are subject to change within its borders, often making it hazardous for human visitors. Formerly owned by tycoon Marvin Acme, his death and apparent absence of a will triggers an ownership dispute that drives the main plot of the film.
Haddonfield, Illinois Halloween Independent Horror Film Haddonfield, Illinois is the setting of serial killer Michael Myers' childhood and mass murder spree of Halloween 1978. The town name was named after Haddonfield, New Jersey, the hometown of the film’s co-writer and producer Debra Hill. The town appears in all of the films in the franchise, except for Halloween H20.

Television

Town Name Origin Network Notes
Angel Grove, California Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Fox Kids, ABC Angel Grove, California is the fictional city where the original team of the Power Rangers was based. Presumably a fictionalized version of Los Angeles or San Francisco, the town was shown as being settled by the British, a historical impossibility. The population is 376,000 and the elevation is 241 ft. According to a computer trivia program it was established in 1775, another historical impossibility. Various episodes show every single sort of climate imaginable: mountains on one side, forest on another, desert on another, and an ocean shore on another.

The most frequented location in the city on the series was the Youth Center. The city also has a shopping mall, several schools, and a public library.

Cabot Cove Murder, She Wrote CBS Cabot Cove, Maine, is the small, fictional fishing village in which Jessica Fletcher lives in the television series Murder, She Wrote. Many episodes of Murder, She Wrote used Cabot Cove as a location because the show's producers were contractually obliged to deliver five Cabot Cove episodes a year.[4] Despite the town's population of 3,560,[4] Cabot Cove became notable as a place where a large number of murders took place. The New York Times calculated that almost 2% of Cabot Cove's residents died during the show's run. More visitors to Cabot Cove died than residents.[4]

Cabot Cove is named after the town's founder, Winfred Cabot. Perhaps setting the stage for the town's reputation for murders, Cabot was killed in a murder-suicide situation with his wife Hepzibah. It has an architectural heritage of Victorian houses. Given the village's rich history, coastal location and close proximity to eastern U.S. cities, Cabot Cove was transformed from a small, sleepy fishing village to a tourist destination for the people coming from New York City.

Fer-de-Lance, Louisiana G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero Syndication Fer-de-Lance, Louisiana, is the town listed as the birthplace and hometown of Ettienne R. LaFitte, aka Gung-Ho on the television series G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero. While the exact location of the town is never given, some maps lead one to believe that it is located in north central Louisiana. However, LaFitte's stated French Cajun ancestry and descriptions of living in a swamp make southern Louisiana a more likely location for the town.
Hazzard County, Georgia The Dukes of Hazzard CBS Hazzard County is a fictional county in Georgia that was the setting for the 1980s television series The Dukes of Hazzard and its 2005 film of the same name.
Mayberry Andy Griffith Show CBS Mayberry is a fictional community in North Carolina that was the setting for two American television sitcoms, The Andy Griffith Show and Mayberry R.F.D. Mayberry was also the setting for a 1986 reunion television movie titled Return to Mayberry. It is said to be based on Andy Griffith's hometown, Mount Airy, North Carolina.
Sunnydale, California Buffy the Vampire Slayer The WB Sunnydale, California is the fictional setting for the U.S. television drama Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Series creator Joss Whedon conceived the town as a representation of a generic California city, as well as a narrative parody of the all-too-serene towns typical in traditional horror movies.

Sunnydale is located on a "Hellmouth"; a portal "between this reality and the next", and convergence point of mystical energies.[5]

Radio

Town Name Origin Network Notes
Ambridge The Archers BBC Radio 4 Village in the fictional county of Borsetshire, in The Midlands. Possibly based on the village of Cutnall Green.[6]
Lake Wobegon A Prairie Home Companion Minnesota Public Radio Lake Wobegon is the seat of Mist County, Minnesota, a tiny county near the geographic center of Minnesota that supposedly does not appear on maps because of the "incompetence of surveyors who mapped out the state in the 19th century".
Wistful Vista Fibber McGee and Molly NBC Red Network Wistful Vista is a fictional community that is home to the McGees and their neighbors.

Animated

Town Name Origin Network Notes
Bedrock The Flintstones ABC Bedrock is the fictional prehistoric city, which is home to the characters of the animated television series, The Flintstones (1960).[7]
Quahog, Rhode Island Family Guy Fox Quahog, Rhode Island is the setting for the U.S. animated television sitcom Family Guy. A popular bar in the town is The Drunken Clam.[8]
South Park, Colorado South Park CMDY A fictional small town of South Park, located within the real life South Park basin in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado.[9] The town is also home to an assortment of frequent characters such as students, families, elementary school staff, and other various residents, who tend to regard South Park as a bland and quiet place to live.[10]
Springfield The Simpsons FOX Springfield is the fictional town in which the American animated sitcom The Simpsons is set. A mid-sized town in an undetermined state of the United States, Springfield acts as a complete universe in which characters can explore the issues faced by modern society.[11] The geography of the town and its surroundings are flexible, changing to address whatever an episode’s plot calls for.[12] Springfield's location is impossible to determine; the show is deliberately evasive on the subject, providing contradictory clues and impossible information about an actual geographic location. The town was founded by Jebediah Springfield.

Literature

Town Name Author Origin Notes
Castle Rock Stephen King various novels Castle Rock, Maine is part of Stephen King’s fictional Maine topography and provides the setting for a number of his novels, novellas, and short stories. Built similarly to the fictional towns of Jerusalem's Lot (featured in the novel 'Salem's Lot) and Derry (featured in the novels It, Insomnia, and Dreamcatcher), Castle Rock is a typical small New England town with many dark secrets.
Cittàgazze Philip Pullman The Subtle Knife Cittàgazze (sometimes abbreviated to Ci'gazze), meaning "City of the Magpies" in Italian, is a fictional city within an unknown world (and parallel universe).
Ember Jeanne DuPrau The City of Ember Ember is a fictional underground city, created by Jeanne DuPrau in a series of science fiction novels.
Hogsmeade J.K. Rowling Harry Potter series Hogsmeade Village is the only settlement in Britain inhabited solely by magical beings, and is located to the northwest of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. It was founded by medieval wizard Hengist of Woodcroft.[13] Much of Hogsmeade's architecture reflects its medieval origin; the village is known for its leaning medieval houses. Hogsmeade primarily consists of a single thoroughfare, called High Street, on which most shops and other magical venues reside.
Shangri-La James Hilton Lost Horizon Shangri-La is a fictional place described in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon by British author James Hilton. Hilton describes Shangri-La as a mystical, harmonious valley, gently guided from a lamasery, enclosed in the western end of the Kunlun Mountains. Shangri-La has become synonymous with any earthly paradise, and particularly a mythical Himalayan utopia.
Brigadoon Alan Jay Lerner Brigadoon Brigadoon is a fictional Scottish town and is the main subject of the Broadway musical of the same name. The town only appears in our world for one day every 100 years.
Lake Wobegon Garrison Keillor A Prairie Home Companion Lake Wobegon is a fictional lake and town in Minnesota. It is the setting for Garrison Keillor's segment "The News from Lake Wobegon" from the radio program A Prairie Home Companion as well Kellior's books Lake Wobegon Days (1985) and Leaving Home (1987). It is said to be located in the fictional Mist County in Central Minnesota presumably near St. Cloud. The town is based on the small town life of various Minnesota lake communities, most notably Kellior's hometown of Anoka, Minnesota.
Middlemarch George Eliot Middlemarch Middlemarch is a fictional town in 19th century England circa 1832. It is the setting for George Eliot's 1872 novel. A small town in New Zealand bears the same name, possibly because the wife of a 19th-century surveyor was reading the novel at the time settlements were being catalogued.
Amber Roger Zelazny The Chronicles of Amber The Castle, City and State of Amber is a fictional place created by Roger Zelazny in a series of fantasy novels.
Lankhmar Fritz Leiber Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser Lankhmar is a populous, labyrinthine city rife with corruption. It serves as the home of Leiber's two anti-heroes Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser. It also forms a Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting.
Ankh-Morpork Terry Pratchett Discworld Pratchett describes Ankh-Morpork as on the far side of corrupt and polluted, and as subject to outbreaks of comedic violence and brouhaha on a fairly regular basis. Ankh-Morpork is also the mercantile capital of the Discworld. As the series proceeds, Ankh-Morpork is more and more portrayed as multi-cultural (which in this case means multi-species, with increasingly prominent populations of creatures such as dwarves, trolls, vampires, gnomes, bogeymen, zombies and werewolves) and struggling with modern real-world challenges. Even when it is under attack from a dragon, the vegetable carts still have to come in. In The Art of Discworld, Pratchett explains that the city is similar to Tallinn and central Prague, but adds that it has elements of 18th-century London, 19th-century Seattle and modern New York City.
Alicante Cassandra Clare The Mortal Instruments This city is the home to all shadow hunters in The Mortal Instrument series. However, not all shadow hunters live in Alicante. They have to live across the world to protect humanity from demons, but Alicante is always in their hearts. (Not the city in Spain)
Starvation Lake Bryan Gruley Starvation Lake Starvation Lake is a small town in the fake Pine County, Michigan. The town is based on real-life Bellaire, Michigan.[14] The lake the book is named after is in nearby Kalkaska County, and mentions its location in Northern Michigan.
Ulthar H.P. Lovecraft Various short stories Ulthar is both a fictional town and a fictional deity. The town of Ulthar is part of H. P. Lovecraft's Dream Cycle, appearing in such stories as "The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath" (1926), "The Cats of Ulthar" (1920) and "The Other Gods" (1933).

Video games

Name Debut Notes
Carcer City Manhunt Setting for the Manhunt videogame series.
D'ni Myst D'ni is a fictional underground city, located in a big cavern system under the US state of New Mexico.
Grestin Papers, Please Grestin is a city that was divided into two after a 6-year war between fictional countries of Kolechia and Arstotzka. In 1982, a border checkpoint opened in the center of the city, and it is the only pass to Arstotzka. It resembles post-war Berlin, which was divided by the Berlin Wall until 1990.
Hinamizawa Higurashi When They Cry A rural village in Japan based on the village of Shirakawa, Gifu, a World Heritage Site;[15][16] it has a population of approximately 2,000. Hinamizawa appears to be a normal, peaceful, rural village; however, the tranquility abruptly ends after the annual Watanagashi Festival, a celebration to commemorate and give thanks to the local god, Oyashiro. Every year for the past four years, one person has been murdered, and another has gone missing on the evening of the Watanagashi Festival. The video game series and its related anime and manga present various scenarios from crazed locals to actual supernatural occurrences.
Hyrule Castle Town The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess Castle Town is the city in front of Hyrule Castle in the game "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess". There are many side-quests and mini-games offered that give you rewards like rupees (currency) and pieces of heart, the treasure required to extend your health bar.
Kakariko Village The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past Kakariko Village (カカリコ村, Kakariko-mura) is a fictional village of The Legend of Zelda series that appears in A Link to the Past, Ocarina of Time, Four Swords Adventures, Twilight Princess, A Link Between Worlds, and Breath of the Wild. Kakariko is often portrayed as a prosperous small town.
Las Venturas Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas Counterpart of Las Vegas.
Lavender Town Pokémon Red and Blue Lavender Town (シオンタウン, Shion Taun, Shion Town) is a fictional village in the Kanto region of the Pokémon series. Stylized as a haunted location, Lavender Town is home to a large, indoor Japanese-style graveyard in a building called the Pokémon Tower. The town appears in Pokémon Red and Blue, Yellow, Gold and Silver, Crystal, FireRed and LeafGreen, HeartGold and SoulSilver, and Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee!.
Liberty City Grand Theft Auto Liberty City is a copy of New York City. It is shown in GTA I, GTA III, Liberty City Stories, Advance, Chinatown Wars and GTA IV. In all games it is shown in the 1990s and 2000s. It is located in the Liberty state, and it borders with Carcer City (appears in Manhunt and in some dialogues in another games of Grand Theft Auto).
Los Santos Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas Like its counterpart of Los Angeles, Los Santos comprises several diverse areas. The urban area of Los Santos holds a population comparable to Los Angeles. Los Santos features several interpretations of many of Los Angeles' districts, landmarks, and neighborhoods, including Compton (Ganton), Willowbrook (Willowfield), Watts (Jefferson), Inglewood (Idlewood), East Los Angeles (East Los Santos), MacArthur Park (Glen Park), Downtown Los Angeles (Downtown Los Santos), Beverly Hills (Rodeo), Mulholland Drive (Mulholland), Santa Monica (Santa Maria Beach), Venice Beach (Verona Beach), Hollywood (Vinewood) and its Hollywood Sign (Vinewood Sign).

Los Santos is also part of the setting for Grand Theft Auto V. The new rendition of the city is now much more detailed, larger, and looks more alive than ever before. The city can be divided into four big sections: North, East, West and South Los Santos, in which beneath the sections, the streets are divided into districts. There are two incorporated cities in Los Santos: Davis, Del Perro.

Ludendorff Grand Theft Auto V The main setting in the Grand Theft Auto V's prologue. Located in the Midwestern State of North Yankton (North Dakota).
New Donk City Super Mario Odyssey
Northtown Dead or Alive 7 Northtown is a fictional, mysterious, sleepy, remote rural, mining and resort city in Northwest Washington, United States. It's the city first appeared in the novel Dead or Alive: Northtown: Chapter 1 - Welcome to Northtown, Washington in which the novel series takes place.
Pallet Town Pokémon Red and Blue Pallet Town (マサラタウン, Masara Town) is a fictional town located in western region of Kanto in the Pokémon universe. It based on Machida, Tokyo, Satoshi Tajiri's hometown although its map location correlates better with some place in Shizuoka Prefecture. The town only has two entrances, north via Route 1 to Viridian City and Route 21 south accessible through water only.
Pepsi City Pepsiman A fictional city, presumably located in the United States, where violent riots erupted after its citizens were deprived of their favourite Pepsi beverage due to an unforeseen production problem.[17]
Raccoon City Resident Evil 2 Raccoon City is a town located in Arklay County in an unnamed state in Midwest United States. Originally the location of the headquarters and research facilities of the corrupt Umbrella Pharmaceuticals, it is the setting of many games in the Resident Evil franchise.
Saffron City Pokémon Red and Blue Saffron City is a fictional city located in the Kanto region in the Pokémon universe. Modeled after a Japanese city of Tokyo, the city is home of the Gym Leader Sabrina.
San Fierro Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas Counterpart of San Francisco
Sapienza Hitman An Italian town of which many of the scenarios for the 2016 video game are situated.
Seaside Town Kingdom of Loathing Seaside Town is the capital of the eponymous Kingdom of Loathing.
Silent Hill Silent Hill Silent Hill is a fictional resort town in Maine, United States. It is the eponymous setting of all games in the Silent Hill franchise.
South Town Fatal Fury South Town is a fictional location in SNK's Fatal Fury, Art of Fighting and The King of Fighters series of video games. It's a coastal city located in the United States and is home of Terry Bogard and the nemesis Geese Howard. The city hosted The King of Fighters Tournaments before the NESTS saga blow up.
Tilted Towers Fortnite: Battle Royale Tilted Towers used to be the largest city in the game, until it was destroyed in a volcanic eruption in May 2019. Was replaced by a neo-futuristic city named Neo Tilted in Season 9, which in turn was replaced by the Old West-esque Tilted Town, and then by Gotham City in September.
Vice City Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Vice City, as depicted in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, is set in 1986. A reference to 1980s Miami, Vice City is specifically indicated to be located within the state of Florida, while Vice City was suggested to exist alongside Miami in Grand Theft Auto III.

Vice City was also featured in the game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories.

Mythology

Other

Town Name Origin Notes
Nightvale Welcome to Nightvale
Waterdeep Dungeons & Dragons fictional city-state that forms part of a popular Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game campaign setting called the Forgotten Realms.[18] It is a port city that is located along the western coast of the Faerûn sub-continent. Known as the City of Splendors, Waterdeep is one of the largest and busiest cities—and one of the most important political powers—on the continent. The population is primarily human, although other races dwell therein.
Sigil Planescape Fictional city located inside a ring hovering above the Spire, and the most popular locale in the setting. Nicknamed the City of Door and the Cage, it contains portals to potentially every plane, dimension, and world in the Multiverse, and is inhabited by every race of Primes and Planars imaginable. Ruled by the enigmatic Lady of Pain.

See also

References

  1. Wolf, Mark J.P. (March 14, 2014). Building Imaginary Worlds: The Theory and History of Subcreation. Routledge. p. 45. ISBN 9781136220807. Fictional counties, cities, and towns, however, are easier to accept, because there are so many real ones, that quite likely no audience member will know them all (though the invention may seem contrived if one happens to live right there...
  2. Anton Furst, Derek Meddings, Visualizing Gotham: The Production Design of Batman, 2005, Warner Home Video.
  3. StarWars.com Databank: Mos Eisley
  4. Barron, James, 1996-04-14, Whodunit? That Under-40 Crowd, New York Times.
  5. Welcome to the Hellmouth (1.01) introduces the Hellmouth, which is referred to numerous times throughout the series. The entrance to the Hellmouth is seen under the school in The Zeppo, Doomed, Conversations with Dead People, and throughout the second half of season seven.
  6. Wynne-Jones, Jonathan; Howie, Michael (17 April 2011). "Have they found the real Ambridge?". www.telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Newspapers. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  7. Blake, Heidi (30 September 2010). "The Flintstones' 50th anniversary: 15 things you don't know". Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  8. "Top 10 Anime City [Best List]". Blog.honeyfeed.fm. 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  9. Griffiths, Eric (June 21, 2007). "Young offenders". New Statesman. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
  10. Heffernan, Virginia (April 28, 2004). "Critic's Notebook; What? Morals in 'South Park'?". The New York Times. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  11. Turner, p. 55
  12. Turner, p. 30
  13. "HPL: Wizards, Witches and Beings: H". Retrieved 27 July 2008.
  14. Giest, Mary Ellen (October 24, 2011). "Bryan Gruley's Northern Michigan: {...} Gruley sets his dark novels in a fictional Northern Michigan town called Starvation Lake". Traverse City, Michigan: MyNorth Media (mynorth.com). Retrieved 2013-11-10.
  15. "Hinamizawa is based on Shirakawa, Gifu" (in Japanese). 07th Expansion. Retrieved 2006-07-12.
  16. "More references to Shirakawa, Gifu" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-16.
  17. Matulef, Jeffrey (12 July 2016). "Watch highlights from Summer Games Done Quick". Eurogamer. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  18. Schick, Lawrence (1991). Heroic Worlds: A History and Guide to Role-Playing Games. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. ISBN 0-87975-653-5.
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