Foreign relations of Panama

Panama's foreign relations are conventional in outlook, with Panama being especially aligned with United States since the 1989 US invasion to topple the regime of General Manuel Noriega. The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies.

Diplomatic relations list
Countries with diplomatic relations with Panama

Panama has established diplomatic relations with following countries:[1]

#CountryDate
1 United States13 November 1903
2 France18 November 1903
3 Russia21 November 1903
4 Costa Rica29 December 1903
5 Italy15 January 1904
6 Venezuela3 February 1904
7 Cuba7 April 1904
8 Netherlands10 April 1904
9  Switzerland6 May 1904
10 Spain10 May 1904
11 Portugal21 May 1904
12 Uruguay28 October 1904
13 Japan7 January 1904
14 Honduras18 September 1907
15 Belgium15 February 1908
16 Chile1 March 1908
17 Peru2 March 1908
18 Brazil3 March 1908
19 United Kingdom9 April 1908
20 Ecuador1908
21 El Salvador9 March 1909
22 Argentina5 November 1920
23 Republic of China
 People's Republic of China		2 January 1922–12 June 2017
12 June 2017
24 Mexico29 May 1923
–  Holy See21 September 1923
25 Colombia9 July 1924
26 Guatemala25 January 1937
27 Dominican Republic17 March 1937
28 Sweden3 July 1937
29 Denmark30 July 1937
30 Norway31 July 1937
31 Nicaragua13 December 1938
32 Bolivia28 August 1942
33 Paraguay31 October 1942
34 Haiti11 October 1945
35 Lebanon30 April 1946
– Sovereign Order of Malta2 August 1948
36 Turkey14 April 1950
37 Germany17 December 1951
38 Serbia26 March 1953
39 Austria18 October 1955
40 Greece17 May 1956
41 Egypt21 February 1958
42 Madagascar20 September 1960[2]
43 Canada11 August 1961
44 India1 July 1962
45 South Korea30 September 1962
46 Jamaica18 August 1966
47 Ethiopia17 August 1967
48 Pakistan7 November 1967
49 Cyprus1 April 1971
50 Romania5 October 1971
51 Bangladesh5 June 1972
52 Algeria9 February 1973
53 Guyana16 March 1973
54 Bulgaria29 March 1973
55 Libya29 March 1973
56 Guinea29 March 1973
57 Poland15 August 1973
58 Philippines28 September 1973
59 Guinea-Bissau16 October 1973
60 Australia20 February 1974
61 Grenada18 November 1974
62 Iran7 January 1975
63 Bahrain27 February 1975
64 Kiribati25 June 1975[2]
65 Hungary5 August 1975
66 Vietnam28 August 1975
67 Syria17 February 1976
68 Finland19 February 1976
69 Malta19 February 1976
70 Sri Lanka8 March 1976
71 Kuwait23 March 1976
72 Iraq8 June 1976
73 Israel18 June 1976
74 Morocco15 February 1977
75 Albania20 August 1978
76 Indonesia27 March 1979
77 Suriname1 May 1979
– Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic1 June 1979
78 Equatorial Guinea13 May 1981
79 Belize1 December 1981
80 Myanmar15 July 1982
81 Singapore6 August 1982
82 Thailand20 August 1982
83 Barbados3 March 1983
84   Nepal15 February 1984
85 Luxembourg12 November 1985
86 Senegal27 August 1987
87 Sudan13 September 1988
88 Angola16 February 1989
89 Maldives19 February 1989
90 Ghana24 February 1989
91 Bahamas1 May 1991
92 Lithuania19 November 1992
93 Saint Kitts and Nevis19 November 1992
94 Czechia15 February 1993
95 Moldova15 February 1993
96 Slovakia15 February 1993
97 United Arab Emirates9 March 1993
98 New Zealand22 March 1993
99 Seychelles21 May 1993
100 Ukraine21 May 1993
101 Malaysia24 July 1993
102 Jordan7 February 1994
103 Oman25 February 1994
104 Latvia22 March 1994
105 Trinidad and Tobago24 May 1994
106 Laos9 September 1994[3]
107 South Africa10 January 1995
108 Estonia13 January 1995
109 Azerbaijan6 April 1995
110 Slovenia10 May 1995
111 Saint Lucia10 July 1995
112 Kazakhstan28 July 1995
113 Cambodia15 February 1996
114 Papua New Guinea5 March 1996
115 Brunei28 March 1996
116 Croatia12 July 1996
117 Andorra16 July 1996
118 Antigua and Barbuda27 September 1996
119 Armenia7 August 1998
120 Belarus22 October 1998
121 Georgia18 November 1998
122 Iceland4 June 1999
123 Nigeria12 February 2001
124 Ireland14 February 2001
125 Qatar8 February 2002
126 North Macedonia18 April 2002
127 NamibiaApril 2002[4]
128 Afghanistan3 May 2002
129 San Marino22 January 2004
130 Bosnia and Herzegovina31 March 2004
131 Benin20 September 2005
132 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines17 July 2006
133 Tunisia15 June 2007
134 Montenegro29 May 2008
135 Yemen29 June 2009[5]
136 Burkina Faso29 July 2009
137 Botswana15 December 2009
138 Djibouti15 December 2009
139 Monaco22 November 2010
140 Cameroon14 August 2011
141 Liechtenstein3 January 2012
142 Mongolia17 January 2012
143 Dominica13 March 2012
144 Palau18 April 2012
145 Solomon Islands11 September 2012
146 Fiji9 November 2012[6]
– Kosovo27 August 2013[7]
147 Saudi Arabia15 January 2015[8]
148 Turkmenistan28 July 2015[9]
149 Ivory Coast29 April 2016[10]
150 Tajikistan26 May 2018[11]
151 Togo28 March 2019[12]
152 Kenya26 September 2019[13]

Bilateral relations
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina5 November 1920
 Belize1 December 1981
  • Belize has an honorary consulate in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Belize City.
 Bolivia28 August 1942
  • Bolivia has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in La Paz.
 Brazil3 March 1908
 Canada11 August 1961[1]See Canada–Panama relations
 China2 January 1909[1]See China–Panama relations

Panama established a diplomatic relationship with the Qing Dynasty in 1909. After the Xinhai Revolution, Panama recognized the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC), and has retained diplomatic ties with the ROC. In 2009, after President Ricardo Martinelli took office, Panama wished to switch diplomatic relations from the ROC to the People's Republic of China (PRC), but this was rejected by the PRC government based on violation of PRC's viewpoint on the One-China policy. Martinelli reaffirmed its commitment to Taiwan in the diplomatic arena, clearing doubts he could establish official ties with PRC; he also thanked the Taiwanese for cooperation and expressed the hope that cooperation and investments would intensify. "Panama reaffirms its determination to strengthen diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as strengthening trade ties with the People's Republic of China (PRC)," said Foreign Minister Juan Carlos Varela, at a meeting in the Council of Taiwan Affairs.[16] On June 12, 2017, President Juan Carlos Varela announced that Panama has established a diplomatic relationship with People's Republic of China, and Panama has severed diplomatic relationship with the Republic of China (Taiwan).

 Chile1 March 1908
  • Chile has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Santiago and consulate-general in Valparaíso.
 Colombia9 July 1924
 Costa Rica29 December 1903
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Panama City and a consulate in David.
  • Panama has an embassy in San José.
 Cuba7 April 1904
  • Cuba has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Havana.
 Dominican Republic17 March 1937
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Ecuador1908
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Quito and a consulate-general in Guayquil.
 El Salvador9 March 1909
  • El Salvador has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in San Salvador.
 France18 November 1903
  • France has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Paris and a consulate-general in Marseille.
 Guatemala25 January 1937
  • Guatemala has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Guatemala City.
 Haiti11 October 1945
  • Haiti has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.
 Honduras18 September 1907
  • Honduras has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Tegucigalpa.
 India1 June 1962[1]See India–Panama relations

Panama is the first country in Central America where India established a resident embassy in 1973. Bilateral commercial and trade relations are steadily growing between India and Panama, with Panama seen as the gateway for expansion into Latin America.[17]

 Kosovo27 August 2013[7]

Panama officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 16 January 2009.[21] Kosovo and Panama established diplomatic relations on 27 August 2013, following the establishment of diplomatic relations Kosovo announced it would be opening an embassy in Panama and that this embassy would be Kosovo's 'gateway to Latin America'.[22]

Kosovo has an embassy in Panama City.[23] Both countries enjoy excellent relationships.

 Mexico29 May 1923[1]See Mexico–Panama relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Panama City.[24]
  • Panama has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in Veracruz City and a consulate in Guadalajara.[25]
 Nicaragua13 December 1938
  • Nicaragua has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Managua.
 Paraguay31 October 1942
  • Panama has an embassy in Asunción
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Panama City.
 Peru2 March 1908
  • Panama has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Panama City.
 Poland15 August 1973
  • Panama has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Panama City.
 Russia21 November 1903[1]See Panama–Russia relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Moscow.[26]
  • Russia has an embassy in Panama city.[27]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic1 June 1979[1]See Panama–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations

Panama was the first Latin American country on recognizing the SADR in 1978, during the military rule of Omar Torrijos. [28] Panama also has the oldest Sahrawi embassy in Latin America. Relations are suspended from 20 November 2013.

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines2006[1]
 Serbia1953[1]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1953.[30]
  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[31]
 South Africa1995[1]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1995.[1][32]
  • Panama has an embassy Pretoria.
  • South Africa is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Lima, Peru.[32]
 South Korea30 September 1962[1]See Panama–South Korea relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on Sep 30, 1962.

  • Panama has an embassy in Seoul.[33]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Panama City.[34][35][36]
 Spain10 May 1904[1]See Panama–Spain relations
 Thailand20 August 1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1982.[1][32]
  • Panama has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[32]
 Trinidad and Tobago24 May 1994
  • Panama has an embassy in Port of Spain.
  • Trinidad and Tobago has an embassy in Panama City.
 United States13 November 1903
3 April 1964[1]		See Panama–United States relations

The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies. Cultural ties between the two countries are strong, and many Panamanians go to the United States for higher education and advanced training. In 2007, the U.S. and Panama partnered to launch a regional health worker training center. The center provides training to community healthcare workers in Panama and throughout Central America. About 25,000 American citizens reside in Panama, many retirees from the Panama Canal Commission and individuals who hold dual nationality. There is also a rapidly growing enclave of American retirees in the Chiriqui Province in western Panama.

 Uruguay28 October 1904
  • Panama has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Panama City.
 Venezuela3 February 1904
  • Panama has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Panama City.

Multilateral relations
Panama
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Panama

Panama is a member of the UN General Assembly (and most major UN agencies) and has served three terms in the UN Security Council. In November 2006, it was elected to serve a two-year term on the Security Council, beginning January 1, 2007. It maintains membership in several international financial institutions, including the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the International Monetary Fund.

Panama is a member of the Organization of American States and was a founding member of the Rio Group. Although it was suspended from the Latin American Economic System — known informally both as the Group of Eight and the Rio Group — in 1988 due to its internal political system under Manuel Noriega, Panama was readmitted in September, 1994 as an acknowledgment of its present democratic credentials.

Panama is also one of the founding members of the Union of Banana Exporting Countries and belongs to the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. Panama is a member of the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN) as well as the Central American Integration System (SICA). Panama joined its six Central American neighbors at the 1994 Summit of the Americas in signing the Alliance for Sustainable Development known as the Conjunta Centroamerica-USA or CONCAUSA to promote sustainable economic development in the region.

Panama is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

See also

References
  1. "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  2. "03. ANEXO" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  3. "List of states which the Lao PDR has established diplomatic relations since 1950" (PDF). MFA of Laos. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  4. "Namibia muestra interés en fortalecer lazos con Panamá". mire.gob.pa (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  5. "Decrees establishing diplomatic relations with Panama, Venezuela". Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  6. "Formal diplomatic relations list" (PDF). Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  7. "Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina" (in Spanish). 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  8. "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Republic of Panama sign agreement on establishment of diplomatic relations". 15 January 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  9. "Turkmenistan, Panama establish diplomatic relations". 28 July 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  10. "Diplomatic Relations Between Cote D'Ivoire and Panama as of 29 Apr. 2016". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  11. "Panama establishes diplomatic relations with Tajikistan". 26 May 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  12. "Relations diplomatiques entre le Togo et le Panama". Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  13. "Panamá establece relaciones con la República de Kenia". La Estrella de Panamá (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  14. Embassy of Canada in Panama City (in English, French and Spanish)
  15. Embassy of Panama in Ottawa (in English and Spanish)
  16. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/05/12/wikileaks-china-rejects-panama-wish-ties/
  17. "India-Panama Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  18. Indian Embassy in Panama
  19. Indian mission in Panama
  20. Panama Embassy in India
  21. Panama recognised independent state of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-01-16
  22. Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina Archived 2016-09-17 at the Wayback Machine, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Panamá, 2013-08-27 (in Spanish)
  23. Panama, Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme-Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në. "Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme - Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Panama". Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme - Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Panama. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
  24. Embassy of Mexico in Panama City (in Spanish)
  25. Embassy of Panama in Mexico City (in Spanish) Archived November 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  26. "Embassy of Panama in Moscow (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2014-11-30.
  27. "Embassy of Russia in Panama City (in Russian and Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2009-06-24. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  28. "Panamá y la república Saharaui". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
  33. https://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=top_sug.pre&fbm=1&acr=1&acq=%EC%A3%BC%ED%95%9C%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98&qdt=0&ie=utf8&query=%EC%A3%BC%ED%95%9C+%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88+%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC%EA%B4%80
  34. http://pan.mofa.go.kr/worldlanguage/america/pan/main/index.jsp
  35. http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/latinamerica/countries/20070803/1_24568.jsp?menu=m_30_30
  36. https://www.premiercasa.com/en/panama/panama-guide/korean-embassy-panama-relations
  37. Embassy of Panama in Madrid (in Spanish)
  38. Embassy of Spain in Panama City (in Spanish)
  39. Embassy of Panama in Washington, DC
  40. "Embassy of the United States in Panama City (in English and Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2019-12-18.

30. Embassy of Japan in Panama

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