China Railways SL3

The China Railways SL3 (勝利3, Shènglì, "victory") class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-2 passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway, the Manchukuo National Railway and the North China Transportation Company by several Japanese manufacturers between 1934 and 1940. They were designed in 1933 based on the design of the first Pashisa class locomotives (later reclassified Pashishi class); the first order was placed by Mantetsu in March of that year.[1]

China Railways SL3 (勝利3)
South Manchuria Railway Pashisa class (パシサ)
Manchukuo National Pashisa class (パシサ)
North China Transport Pashisa class (パシサ)
Korean State Railway Pasisŏ class (바시서)
China Railway PX3 class ㄆㄒ3 120 in October 1952
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderHitachi, Kisha Seizō
Build date1934–1940
Total produced96
Specifications
Gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)

History
Builder's photo of Manchukuo National Railway locomotive パシシ5845
Builder's photo of North China Transport locomotive パシサ1523

After the Chosen Government Railway Bureau entrusted the management of the North Chosen Line between Cheongjin and Unggi in Korea to the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), Mantetsu ordered sixteen of these locomotives, which were built in 1934 and 1935 by Hitachi and Kisha Seizō of Japan.[1] These were designated Pashisa (パシサ) class, after the previous class of locomotives with that designation were reclassified Pashiha class in 1933. Care was taken during the design process to maximise the commonality of parts between these engines and those of the MNR Mikaro, Mantetsu Mikasa and Mantetsu Mikaro class freight locomotives.[1]

The Mantetsu Pashisa class was identical to the Manchukuo National's Pashishi (パシシ) class, which were built to use lignite fuel. The first ten of these were built by Hitachi in 1934, these were called the "National Small Pashi" (國小パシ).[1] After the acquisition of the Chinese Eastern Railway in March 1935 and the conversion of its mainline from Harbin to Xinjing from 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 27⁄32 in) Russian gauge to standard gauge, they were used to pull express trains, including the Asia Express, on that section. At the end of 1935, when the emperor of Manchukuo, Puyi, visited Harbin for the first time, his train was hauled by one of these locomotives.

The firegrate on the MNR Pashishis proved to be too small and so were increased by 0.5 m2 (5.4 sq ft), and at the same time, the firebox area was also enlarged by 0.4 m2 (4.3 sq ft). This new design, dubbed "New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ), were 2.60 t (2.56 long tons; 2.87 short tons) heavier than the National Small Pashi, and twenty were built for the Manchukuo National in 1936 by Hitachi and Kisha Seizō.[1]

In the unified classification scheme of 1938, the Mantetsu Pashisa and Manchukuo National Pashishi classes were combined as the Pashisa class.[1]

Twenty were built by Hitachi in 1939 for North China Transport, numbered 1501 through 1520, followed by another 30 in 1939–1940 from Kisha Seizō, numbered 1521 through 1550.

OwnerClass & numbers
(1934–1938)		Class & numbers
(1938–1945)		BuilderYears BuiltNotes
Mantetsuパシサ860–パシニ875パシサ1–パシサ16Hitachi, Kisha Seizō1934–1935North Chosen Line
Manchukuo Nationalパシシ5830–パシシ5834パシサ501–パシサ505Kisha Seizō1934"National Small Pashi" (國小パシ)
Manchukuo Nationalパシシ5835–パシシ5839パシサ506–パシサ510Hitachi1934"National Small Pashi" (國小パシ)
Manchukuo Nationalパシシ5840–パシシ5842パシサ511–パシサ513Kisha Seizō1936"New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ)
Manchukuo Nationalパシシ5843–パシシ5844パシサ514–パシサ515Hitachi1936"New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ)
Manchukuo Nationalパシシ5845–パシシ5849パシサ516–パシサ520Kisha Seizō1936"New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ)
Manchukuo Nationalパシシ5850–パシシ5859パシサ521–パシサ530Hitachi1936"New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ)
North China-パシサ1501–パシサ1520Hitachi1939"New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ)
North China-パシサ1521–パシサ1550Kisha Seizō1939–1940"New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ)

Postwar

China Railways SL3 (勝利3)
China Railways SL3 152 at the China Railway Museum

The thirty Pashisa-class locomotives belonging to the Manchukuo National were assigned to the Fengtian (1), the Jilin (5), the Mudanjiang (7), and the Qiqihar Railway Bureaus (11), and six were out on loan to other railways. These, along with the thirty belonging to North China Transport, were taken over by the Republic of China Railway. In 1951, they were classified class ㄆㄒ三 (PX3) by the China Railway, becoming class SL3 (勝利, Shènglì, "victory") in 1959; they were initially numbered in the 101–270 range (other sources say 101–188). In 1980, twelve locomotives with numbers ranging from 114 to 264 were seen in service around China, including in Shanghai, Beijing, Zhengzhou and Guangzhou. SL3 152 is preserved at the China Railway Museum in Beijing.

Korean State Railway 바시서 (Pasisŏ) class

At the end of the Pacific War, all of Mantetsu's Pashisa-class locomotives were in northern Korea: eleven were assigned to the Rajin Railway Burea for operations on Mantetsu's North Chosen Line, whilst the remaining five were out on loan to the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu). These were taken over by the Korean State Railway in North Korea, where they were designated 바시서 (Pasisŏ) class (not to be confused with the Pashisa-class inherited from Sentetsu). Little is known about their service lives in North Korea, but they were likely retired by the late 1960s.

Class Specifications[1]
Pashisa
(Mantetsu)		Pashisa
(MNR Small Pashi)		Pashisa
(New MNR Small Pashi)
BuilderHitachi, Kisha SeizōHitachiHitachi, Kisha Seizō
Build date1934–193519341936–1940
Driver diameter1,750 mm (69 in)1,750 mm (69 in)1,750 mm (69 in)
Length21,498 mm (846.4 in)21,498 mm (846.4 in)21,498 mm (846.4 in)
Width2,995 mm (117.9 in)2,995 mm (117.9 in)2,995 mm (117.9 in)
Height4,434 mm (174.6 in)4,434 mm (174.6 in)4,434 mm (174.6 in)
Loco weight89.40 t (87.99 long tons; 98.55 short tons)91.10 t (89.66 long tons; 100.42 short tons)91.00 t (89.56 long tons; 100.31 short tons)
Tender weight58.48 t (57.56 long tons; 64.46 short tons)57.52 t (56.61 long tons; 63.40 short tons)58.48 t (57.56 long tons; 64.46 short tons)
Adhesive weight55.60 t (54.72 long tons; 61.29 short tons)57.70 t (56.79 long tons; 63.60 short tons)56.00 t (55.12 long tons; 61.73 short tons)
Valve gearWalschaertsWalschaertsWalschaerts
Tractive effort123.7 kN (27,800 lbf)123.7 kN (27,800 lbf)123.7 kN (27,800 lbf)
Cylinder size533 mm × 660 mm (21.0 in × 26.0 in)533 mm × 660 mm (21.0 in × 26.0 in)533 mm × 660 mm (21.0 in × 26.0 in)
Boiler pressure14.0 kgf/cm2 (199 psi)14.0 kgf/cm2 (199 psi)14.0 kgf/cm2 (199 psi)
Firegrate area4.07 m2 (43.8 sq ft)4.07 m2 (43.8 sq ft)4.57 m2 (49.2 sq ft)
Heating surface220.60 m2 (2,374.5 sq ft)220.60 m2 (2,374.5 sq ft)221.00 m2 (2,378.8 sq ft)
Superheater area44.60 m2 (480.1 sq ft)44.60 m2 (480.1 sq ft)44.60 m2 (480.1 sq ft)
Tube area156.10 m2 (1,680.2 sq ft)156.10 m2 (1,680.2 sq ft)156.10 m2 (1,680.2 sq ft)
Firebox area19.90 m2 (214.2 sq ft)19.90 m2 (214.2 sq ft)20.30 m2 (218.5 sq ft)
Small tubes
(Number x diameter)		131 x 51 mm (2.0 in)131 x 51 mm (2.0 in)131 x 51 mm (2.0 in)
Large tubes
(Number x diameter)		26 x 137 mm (5.4 in)26 x 137 mm (5.4 in)26 x 137 mm (5.4 in)
Water capacity24.00 m3 (848 cu ft)24.00 m3 (848 cu ft)24.00 m3 (848 cu ft)
Fuel capacity9.60 t (9.45 long tons; 10.58 short tons)9.60 t (9.45 long tons; 10.58 short tons)9.60 t (9.45 long tons; 10.58 short tons)
Operator South Manchuria Railway
Korean State Railway		Manchukuo National Railway
China Railway		Manchukuo National Railway
North China Transport
China Railway
Numbers in class161070

References
  1. Ichihara, Yoshizumi, 写真集南満洲鉄道 (South Manchuria Railway Photo Collection) pp. 117-118, 138, 1998 Seibundo Shinkosha Publishing Co. Ltd. (in Japanese)
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