Carme (moon)

Carme /ˈkɑːrmiː/ is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in California in July 1938.[1] It is named after the mythological Carme, mother by Zeus of Britomartis, a Cretan goddess.

Carme
Discovery
Discovered byS. B. Nicholson
Discovery dateJuly 30, 1938[1]
Designations
Pronunciation/ˈkɑːrmiː/[2][3]
Named after
Κάρμη Karmē
AdjectivesCarmean /kɑːrˈmiːən/[4]
Orbital characteristics
23404000 km[5]
Eccentricity0.253[5]
−702.28 d (1.9228 a)[5]
2.253 km/s
Inclination164.91° (to the ecliptic)
167.53° (to Jupiter's equator)[5]
Satellite ofJupiter
GroupCarme group
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
~46 km[6]
~6600 km²
Volume~51,000 km³
Mass1.3×1017 kg
Mean density
2.6 g/cm³ (assumed)[6]
~0.017 m/s2 (0.0017 g)
~0.028 km/s
Albedo0.04 (assumed)[6]
Temperature~124 K

    History

    Carme did not receive its present name until 1975;[7] before then, it was simply known as Jupiter XI. It was sometimes called "Pan"[8] between 1955 and 1975 (Pan is now the name of a satellite of Saturn).

    It gives its name to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°. Its orbital elements are as of January 2000.[5] They are continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations.

    See also

    References
    1. Nicholson, S. B. (1938). "Two New Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 50: 292–293. Bibcode:1938PASP...50..292N. doi:10.1086/124963.
    2. Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    3. "Carme". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House.
    4. Yenne (1987) The Atlas of the Solar System
    5. Jacobson, R. A. (2000). "The Orbits of Outer Jovian Satellites" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): 2679–2686. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2679J. doi:10.1086/316817.
    6. "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL (Solar System Dynamics). 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
    7. IAUC 2846: Satellites of Jupiter 1974 October 7 (naming the moon)
    8. Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Katherine Haramundanis (1970). Introduction to Astronomy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-478107-4.
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