S/2003 J 12

S/2003 J 12 is a natural satellite of Jupiter, and is one of the smallest known natural satellites in the Solar System. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003.[2][3]

S/2003 J 12
Discovery
Discovered byScott S. Sheppard et al.
Discovery date2003
Orbital characteristics [1]
19002480 km
Eccentricity0.376
−533.3 days
Inclination145.8°
Satellite ofJupiter
GroupAnanke group?
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
1 km
23.9

    S/2003 J 12 is about 1 kilometre (0.6 miles) in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 17,883 Mm in 489.72 days, at an inclination of 143° to the ecliptic (143° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.4920.[4]

    It is the innermost of the outer irregular retrograde satellites of Jupiter, and might belong to the Ananke group.

    This moon has not been seen since its discovery in 2003 and is currently considered lost.[5][6][7][8]

    References
    1. S.S. Sheppard (2019), Moons of Jupiter, Carnegie Science, on line
    2. Daniel W. E. Green (March 7, 2003). "IAUC 8089: Satellites of Jupiter". International Astronomical Union.
    3. MPEC 2003-E29: S/2003 J 9, 2003 J 10, 2003 J 11, 2003 J 12; S/2003 J 1, 2003 J 6 April 3, 2003 (discovery and ephemeris)
    4. Jacobson, R. A. (June 28, 2007). "Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters". JPL/NASA. Retrieved January 21, 2008.
    5. Beatty, Kelly (April 4, 2012). "Outer-Planet Moons Found — and Lost". www.skyandtelescope.com. Sky & Telescope. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
    6. Brozović, Marina; Jacobson, Robert A. (March 9, 2017). "The Orbits of Jupiter's Irregular Satellites". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (4): 147. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..147B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa5e4d.
    7. Jacobson, B.; Brozović, M.; Gladman, B.; Alexandersen, M.; Nicholson, P. D.; Veillet, C. (September 28, 2012). "Irregular Satellites of the Outer Planets: Orbital Uncertainties and Astrometric Recoveries in 2009–2011". The Astronomical Journal. 144 (5): 132. Bibcode:2012AJ....144..132J. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/144/5/132.
    8. Sheppard, Scott S. (2017). "New Moons of Jupiter Announced in 2017". home.dtm.ciw.edu. Retrieved June 27, 2017. We likely have all of the lost moons in our new observations from 2017, but to link them back to the remaining lost 2003 objects requires more observations a year later to confirm the linkages, which will not happen until early 2018. ... There are likely a few more new moons as well in our 2017 observations, but we need to reobserve them in 2018 to determine which of the discoveries are new and which are lost 2003 moons.
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