Ananke (moon)

Ananke /əˈnæŋkiː/ is a retrograde irregular moon of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in 1951[5] and is named after the mythological Ananke, the personification of Necessity, and the mother of the Moirai (Fates) by Zeus. The adjectival form of the name is Anankean.

Ananke
Discovery
Discovered byS. B. Nicholson
Discovery dateSeptember 28, 1951
Designations
Designation
Jupiter XII
Pronunciation/əˈnæŋkiː/[1]
Named after
Ἀνάγκη Anagkē
AdjectivesAnankean /ænəŋˈkiːən/[2]
Orbital characteristics [3]
21276000 km
Eccentricity0.244
−610.5 days
248.8°
Inclination148.9°
7.6°
100.6°
Satellite ofJupiter
GroupAnanke group
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
28 km
Mass4.0×1016 kg
Mean density
2.6 g/cm3 (assumed)
Albedo0.04 (assumed)[4]
Temperature~124 K
18.9

    Ananke did not receive its present name[6] until 1975;[7] before then, it was simply known as Jupiter XII. It was sometimes called "Adrastea"[8] between 1955 and 1975 (Adrastea is now the name of another satellite of Jupiter).

    Ananke gives its name to the Ananke group, retrograde irregular moons which orbit Jupiter between 19.3 and 22.7 Gm, at inclinations of roughly 150°.[4]

    Orbit

    Ananke orbits Jupiter on a high-eccentricity and high-inclination retrograde orbit. Eight irregular satellites orbiting Jupiter have been discovered since 2000 following similar orbits.[4] The orbital elements are as of January 2000.[9] They are continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations. The diagram illustrates Ananke's orbit in relation to other retrograde irregular satellites of Jupiter. The eccentricity of selected orbits is represented by the yellow segments (extending from the pericentre to the apocentre). The outermost regular satellite Callisto is located for reference.

    Given these orbital elements and the physical characteristics known so far, Ananke is thought to be the largest remnant[10] of an original break-up forming the Ananke group.[11][12]

    Physical characteristics

    In the visible spectrum, Ananke appears neutral to light-red (colour indices B-V=0.90 V-R=0.38).[12]

    The infrared spectrum is similar to P-type asteroids but with a possible indication of water.[13]

    Retrograde irregular satellites of Jupiter.

    See also
    • Irregular satellites

    References
    1. "Ananke". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House.
    2. Yenne (1987) The Atlas of the Solar System.
    3. S.S. Sheppard (2019), Moons of Jupiter, Carnegie Science, on line
    4. Sheppard, S. S., Jewitt, D. C., Porco, C.; Jupiter's Outer Satellites and Trojans Archived 2007-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, in Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, edited by Fran Bagenal, Timothy E. Dowling, William B. McKinnon, Cambridge Planetary Science, Vol. 1, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-81808-7, 2004, pp. 263-280
    5. Nicholson, S. B. (1951). "An unidentified object near Jupiter, probably a new satellite". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 63 (375): 297–299. Bibcode:1951PASP...63..297N. doi:10.1086/126402.
    6. Nicholson, S.B. (April 1939). "S. B. Nicholson declines to name the satellites of Jupiter he has discovered". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 51 (300): 85–94. Bibcode:1939PASP...51...85N. doi:10.1086/125010.
    7. Marsden, B. G. (7 October 1974). "Satellites of Jupiter". IAU Circular. 2846.
    8. Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Katherine Haramundanis (1970). Introduction to Astronomy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-478107-4.
    9. Jacobson, R. A. (2000). "The Orbits of Outer Jovian Satellites" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): 2679–2686. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2679J. doi:10.1086/316817.
    10. Sheppard, S.S.; Jewitt, D.C. (2003). "An abundant population of small irregular satellites around Jupiter" (PDF). Nature. 423 (6937): 261–263. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..261S. doi:10.1038/nature01584. PMID 12748634. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 13, 2006.
    11. Nesvorný, D.; Beaugé, C.; Dones, L. (2004). "Collisional Origin of Families of Irregular Satellites". The Astronomical Journal. 127 (3): 1768–1783. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.1768N. doi:10.1086/382099.
    12. Grav, Tommy; Holman, M. J.; Gladman, B. J.; Aksnes, K. (2003). "Photometric survey of the irregular satellites". Icarus. 166 (1): 33–45. arXiv:astro-ph/0301016. Bibcode:2003Icar..166...33G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.07.005.
    13. Grav, Tommy; Holman, Matthew J. (2004). "Near-Infrared Photometry of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal. 605 (2): L141–L144. arXiv:astro-ph/0312571. Bibcode:2004ApJ...605L.141G. doi:10.1086/420881.

    Sources

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