2001 in spaceflight

This article outlines notable events occurring in 2001 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.

2001 in spaceflight
The Mir space station, which was deorbited on 23 March
Orbital launches
First9 January
Last28 December
Total59
Successes58
Failures1
Catalogued58
Rockets
Maiden flightsGSLV
H-IIA 202
Proton-M
Soyuz-FG
RetirementsAriane 4 44P
Ariane 4 44LP
Athena I
Crewed flights
Orbital8
Total travellers44

Launches
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)		 Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

9 January
17:00		 Long March 2F Jiuquan
Shenzhou 2 CASC Low Earth Test spacecraft16 January
11:22		Successful
Shenzhou spacecraft orbital module CASC Low Earth Test spacecraft24 August
09:05		Successful
10 January
22:09		 Ariane 4 44P Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Turksat 2A Eurasiasat SAM Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
24 January
04:28		 Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M1-5 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Deorbit Mir23 March
05:50		Successful
Final spacecraft to dock with the Mir space station.
Remained docked during re-entry.
30 January
07:55		 Delta II 7925-9.5 Cape Canaveral SLC-17A Boeing IDS
GPS IIR-7 (USA-156) US Air Force Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational

February

7 February
23:05		 Ariane 4 44L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Sicral Geostationary CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Skynet 4F MoD (UK) Geostationary CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Skynet 4F is the final ECS-class satellite.
7 February
23:13		 Space Shuttle Atlantis Kennedy LC-39A United Space Alliance
STS-98 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly20 February
20:33		Successful
Destiny NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronauts
20 February
08:48		 Start-1 Svobodniy Site 5
Odin SSC Low Earth Infrared astronomyIn orbitOperational
26 February
08:09		 Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M-44 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics16 April
13:23		Successful
ISS flight 3P
27 February
21:20		 Titan IVB (401)/Centaur Cape Canaveral SLC-40 Lockheed Martin
Milstar 2 (USA-157) US Air Force Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

March

8 March
11:42		 Space Shuttle Discovery Kennedy LC-39B United Space Alliance
STS-102 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly21 March
07:31		Successful
Leonardo MPLM ASI/NASA Low Earth (ISS) LogisticsSuccessful
Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts, ISS crew exchange (launched Expedition 2)
Maiden flight of Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
8 March
22:51		 Ariane 5G Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
Eurobird Eutelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
BSAT-2A BSAT Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
18 March
22:33		 Zenit-3SL Ocean Odyssey Sea Launch
XM-2 "Rock" XM Satellite Radio Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitPartial satellite failure
Design fault with solar panels led to shorter operational life, deactivated November 2006

April

7 April
03:47		 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur Site 81/24
Ekran-M 18 GPKS Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Maiden flight of Proton-M
7 April
15:02		 Delta II 7925-9.5 Cape Canaveral SLC-17A Boeing IDS
2001 Mars Odyssey NASA Areocentric Mars orbiterIn orbitOperational
18 April
10:13		 GSLV Satish Dhawan ISRO
GSAT-1 ISRO Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitFailure
Payload placed in incorrect orbit due to underpowered upper stage of launch vehicle
Maiden flight of GSLV
19 April
18:40		 Space Shuttle Endeavour Kennedy LC-39A United Space Alliance
STS-100 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly1 May
16:10		Successful
Raffaello MPLM ASI/NASA Low Earth (ISS) LogisticsSuccessful
Canadarm2 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts
28 April
07:37		 Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Soyuz TM-32 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS escape craft31 OctoberSuccessful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts including the first space tourist, whose flight was arranged by the American company Space Adventures

May

8 May
22:10		 Zenit-3SL Ocean Odyssey Sea Launch
XM-1 "Roll" XM Satellite Radio Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitPartial satellite failure
Design fault with solar panels led to shorter operational life, deactivated November 2006
15 May
01:11		 Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
Panamsat 10 PanAmSat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
18 May
17:45		 Delta II 7925-9.5 Cape Canaveral SLC-17B Boeing IDS
GeoLITE (USA-158) NRO Geostationary Experimental communicationsIn orbitOperational
20 May
22:32		 Soyuz-FG Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M1-6 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics22 AugustSuccessful
Maiden flight of Soyuz-FG
ISS flight 4P
29 May
17:55		 Soyuz-U Plesetsk Site 43/4 VKS
Kosmos 2377 MO RF Low Earth Reconnaissance10 OctoberSuccessful

June

8 June
15:08		 Kosmos-3M Plesetsk Site 132 VKS
Kosmos 2378 MO RF Low Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
9 June
06:45		 Ariane 4 44L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Intelsat 901 Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
16 June
01:49		 Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
Astra 2C SES Astra Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
19 June
04:41		 Atlas IIAS Cape Canaveral SLC-36B International Launch Services
ICO F2 ICO Medium Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
30 June
17:45		 Delta II 7425-10 Cape Canaveral SLC-17B Boeing IDS
WMAP NASA Earth-Sun L2 Lagrange Point AstronomyIn orbitSuccessful
Ceased operations on 20 August 2010, subsequently manoeuvred into heliocentric orbit on 8 September[1]

July

12 July
09:03		 Space Shuttle Atlantis Kennedy LC-39B United Space Alliance
STS-104 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly25 July
03:38		Successful
Quest NASA Low Earth ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts
12 July
21:58		 Ariane 5G Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
Artemis ESA Geosynchronous NavigationIn orbitPartial launch failure
Operational
BSAT-2B BSAT Intended: Geosynchronous
Achieved: Medium Earth		 Communications28 January 2014Launch failure
Premature cutoff of 2nd stage. Artemis reached correct orbit under own power, BSAT abandoned in useless orbit
20 July
00:17		 Molniya-M Plesetsk Site 43/4 VKS
Molniya 3–51 MO RF Molniya Communications19 December 2016[3]Successful
23 July
07:23		 Atlas IIA Cape Canaveral SLC-36A
GOES-12 (GOES-M) NOAA Geosynchronous Weather satelliteIn orbitOperational
31 July
08:00		 Tsyklon-3 Plesetsk Site 32/2 VKS
Koronas F RAKA Sun-synchronous Solar observation6 December 2005[5]Successful

August

6 August
07:28		 Titan IVB (402)/IUS Cape Canaveral SLC-40 Lockheed Martin
DSP-21 (USA-159) US Air Force Geosynchronous Missile early warningIn orbitOperational
8 August
16:13		 Delta II 7326-9.5 Cape Canaveral SLC-17A Boeing IDS
Genesis NASA Earth-Sun L1 Lagrange Point Solar Wind sample return8 September 2004Partial failure
Parachute failed to deploy upon return to Earth, some samples recovered from wreckage
10 August
21:10		 Space Shuttle Discovery Kennedy LC-39A United Space Alliance
STS-105 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly22 August
03:38		Successful
Leonardo MPLM ASI/NASA Low Earth (ISS) LogisticsSuccessful
Simplesat NASA Low Earth Astronomy30 January 2002Failure
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
ISS crew exchange (launched Expedition 3)
Simplesat released 20 August 18:30 UTC, and failed to contact ground
21 August
09:23		 Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M-45 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics22 NovemberSuccessful
ISS flight 5P
24 August
20:35		 Proton-K/DM-2 Baikonur Site 81/24 VKS
Kosmos 2379 VKS Geosynchronous Early warningIn orbitOperational
29 August
07:00		 H-IIA 202 Tanegashima LA-Y1
LRE NASDA Geostationary transfer Orbit determinationIn orbitSuccessful
VEP-2 NASDA Geostationary transfer Boilerplate spacecraftIn orbitSuccessful
Maiden flight of H-IIA
30 August
06:46		 Ariane 4 44L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Intelsat 902 Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

September

8 September
15:25		 Atlas IIAS Vandenberg SLC-3E
NOSS C1-1 (USA-160) NRO Low Earth SIGINTIn orbitOperational
NOSS C1-1 (USA-160-2) NRO Low Earth SIGINTIn orbitOperational
14 September
23:34		 Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M-SO1 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Orbital tug26 SeptemberSuccessful
Pirs Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
ISS flight 4R
21 September
18:49		 Taurus 2110 Vandenberg LC-576E Orbital Sciences
Orbview-4 OrbImage Intended: Low Earth Earth observation21 SeptemberLaunch failure
QuikTOMS NASA Intended: Low Earth Ozone observation
SBD Orbital Sciences Boilerplate spacecraft
Celestis-4 Celestis Intended: Low Earth Space burial
Failed to reach orbit after control issues
25 September
23:21		 Ariane 4 44P Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Atlantic Bird 2 Eutelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Final flight of Ariane 4 44P
30 September
02:40		 Athena I Kodiak LP-1 Lockheed Martin
Starshine 3 NASA Low Earth 21 January 2003Successful
Picosat 9 US Air Force Low Earth Electronic component testingIn orbitSuccessful
PCSat US Air Force Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Sapphire Stanford University Low Earth In orbitOperational
Kodiak Star, Space Test Program mission. Final flight of Athena I, and at the time final flight of the Athena family, which was later reactivated. First orbital launch from Kodiak Island.

October

5 October
21:21		 Titan IVB (404) Vandenberg SLC-4E Lockheed Martin
EIS-2 (USA-161) NRO Sun-synchronous ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
6 October
16:45		 Proton-K/DM-2 Baikonur Site 81 VKS
Raduga-1 VKS Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
11 October
02:32		 Atlas IIAS Cape Canaveral SLC-36B
Aquila (USA-162) NRO Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
18 October
18:51		 Delta II 7320-10 Vandenberg SLC-2W Boeing IDS
QuickBird 2 DigitalGlobe Low Earth Earth observation27 January 2015[7]Successful
21 October
08:59		 Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Soyuz TM-33 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS escape craft5 May 2002
03:52		Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
22 October
04:53		 PSLV Satish Dhawan ISRO
TES ISRO Low Earth ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
PROBA ESA Low Earth Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
BIRD Low Earth Earth imagingIn orbitOperational
24 October Sounding Rocket II Jiu Peng Air Base NSPO
NSPO Suborbital Ionospheric research24 OctoberLaunch failure
25 October
11:34		 Molniya-M Plesetsk Site 43/3 VKS
Molniya 3–52 VKS Molniya Communications6 December 2011Successful

November

26 November
18:24		 Soyuz-FG Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M1-7 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics20 March 2002Successful
Kolibri RAKA Low Earth Technology demonstration4 May 2002Successful
ISS flight 6P
Kolibri deployed from Progress on 19 March 2002
27 November
00:35		 Ariane 4 44LP Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
DirecTV-4S DirecTV Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Final flight of Ariane 4 44LP

December

1 December
18:04		 Proton-K/DM-2 Baikonur VKS
Kosmos 2382 (GLONASS) KNITs Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
Kosmos 2383 (GLONASS) KNITs Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
Kosmos 2384 (GLONASS) KNITs Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
5 December
22:19		 Space Shuttle Endeavour Kennedy LC-39B United Space Alliance
STS-108 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly17 December
17:55		Successful
Raffaello MPLM ASI/NASA Low Earth (ISS) LogisticsSuccessful
Starshine 2 NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration26 April 2002Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
ISS crew exchange (launched Expedition 4)
Starshine 2 released 16 December, 15:02 UTC
7 December
15:07		 Delta II 7920-10 Vandenberg SLC-2W Boeing IDS
Jason 1 CNES/NASA Low Earth OceanographyIn orbitOperational
TIMED NASA Low Earth Solar researchIn orbitOperational
10 December
17:18		 Zenit-2 Baikonur Site 45/1
Meteor 3M-1 Rosaviakosmos Low Earth Weather satelliteIn orbitOperational
Kompas IZMIRAN Low Earth Earthquake predictionIn orbitOperational
Badr B Low Earth Earth imagingIn orbitOperational
Maroc-Tubsat Centre Royal de Teledetection Spatiale Low Earth Earth imaging/CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Reflector Rosaviakosmos/US Air Force Low Earth Space debris researchIn orbitOperational
21 December
04:00		 Tsyklon-2 Baikonur Site 90/20
Kosmos 2383 Russian Navy Low Earth Reconnaissance20 March 2004
18:54[8]		Successful
28 December
03:24		 Tsyklon-3 Plesetsk Site 32/2 VKS
Kosmos 2384 (Strela) VKS Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Kosmos 2385 (Strela) VKS Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Kosmos 2386 (Strela) VKS Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Gonets D1-10 (Gonets) VKS Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Gonets D1-11 (Gonets) VKS Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Gonets D1-12 (Gonets) VKS Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

Deep space rendezvous
Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
15 JanuaryStardust1st flyby of the Earth
12 FebruaryNEARLanded on 433 ErosFirst-ever asteroid landing
25 MayGalileo8th flyby of Callisto
6 AugustGalileo4th flyby of Io
22 SeptemberDeep Space 1Flyby of 19P/Borrelly
24 OctoberMars OdysseyAreocentric orbit injection

EVAs
Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Function Remarks
10 February
15:50		 7 hours
34 minutes		 23:24 STS-98
ISS Atlantis		 Thomas D. Jones
Robert Curbeam		 Removed protective launch covers and disconnected power and cooling cables between Destiny and Atlantis, while crewmembers inside moved the 3,800-cubic-foot (110 m3) laboratory from the payload bay to its home on the Unity node. Curbeam and Jones then connected electrical, data and cooling lines to the lab, during which a small amount of ammonia crystals leaked from one of the hoses, prompting a decontamination procedure.[9][10]
12 February
15:59		 6 hours
50 minutes		 22:49 STS-98
ISS Atlantis		 Thomas D. Jones
Robert Curbeam		 Installed the shuttle docking adapter onto Destiny, installed insulating covers over the pins that held Destiny in place during launch, attached a vent to the lab's air system, installed handrails and sockets on the exterior of Destiny, and attached a base for the future space station robotic arm.[11]
14 February
14:48		 5 hours
25 minutes		 20:13 STS-98
ISS Atlantis		 Thomas D. Jones
Robert Curbeam		 Attached a spare communications antenna to the station, double-checked connections between the Destiny lab and its docking port, released a cooling radiator on the station, inspected solar array connections at the top of the station, and tested the ability of a spacewalker to carry an immobile crew member back to the shuttle airlock.[12] 100th American spacewalk.
11 March
05:12		 8 hours
56 minutes		 14:08 STS-102
ISS Discovery		 James S. Voss
Susan J. Helms		 Prepared PMA-3 for repositioning from Unity's Earth-facing berth to the port-side berth to make room for the Leonardo MPLM. Removed a Lab Cradle Assembly from the shuttle's cargo bay and installed it on the side of Destiny, and installed a cable tray to Destiny for later use by the station's robot arm. After re-entering the shuttle's airlock, the spacewalkers remained ready to assist if any troubles were encountered by the crew inside the shuttle.[13] Longest-duration EVA in history.
13 March
05:23		 6 hours
21 minutes		 11:44 STS-102
ISS Discovery		 /Andy Thomas
Paul W. Richards		 Installed an External Stowage Platform for spare station parts, attached a spare ammonia coolant pump to the platform, finished connecting several cables put in place on the first EVA for the station's robotic arm. Inspected a Unity node heater connection, and inspected of an exterior experiment, the Floating Potential Probe.[14]
22 April
11:45		 7 hours
10 minutes		 18:55 STS-100
ISS Endeavour		 Chris Hadfield
Scott E. Parazynski		 Installed the station's UHF antenna, and the Canadian Space Agency made Canadarm2. Connected cables to give the arm power and allow it to accept computer commands from inside the lab.[15] Hadfield became the first Canadian spacewalker.
24 April
12:34		 7 hours
40 minutes		 20:14 STS-100
ISS Endeavour		 Chris Hadfield
Scott E. Parazynski		 Connected the Power Data Grapple Fixture circuits for Canadarm2 onto Destiny, removed an early communications antenna, transferred a spare Direct Current Switching Unit from the shuttle's payload bay to an equipment storage rack on the outside of Destiny.[16]
8 June
14:21		 19 minutes 14:40 Expedition 2
ISS Zvezda		 Yury Usachyov
James S. Voss		 Installed the docking cone onto the Zvezda module, in preparation for the arrival of the Russian Pirs docking compartment.[17] Conducted from the transfer compartment of the Zvezda Service Module.
15 July
03:10		 5 hours
59 minutes		 09:09 STS-104
ISS Atlantis		 Michael L. Gernhardt
James F. Reilly		 Installed the Quest Joint Airlock onto the Unity node.[18][19][20]
18 July
03:04		 6 hours
29 minutes		 09:33 STS-104
ISS Atlantis		 Michael L. Gernhardt
James F. Reilly		 Installed one of two high-pressure nitrogen tanks, and one of two high-pressure oxygen tanks onto Quest, and installed grapple fixture and trunion covers.[18][20][21]
21 July
04:35		 4 hours
2 minutes		 08:37 STS-104
ISS Quest		 Michael L. Gernhardt
James F. Reilly		 Installed the second high-pressure nitrogen tank, and the second oxygen tank onto the Quest airlock.[20][22][23] First EVA conducted from the Quest airlock.
16 August
13:58		 6 hours
16 minutes		 20:14 STS-105
ISS Discovery		 Daniel T. Barry
Patrick G. Forrester		 Installed an Early Ammonia Servicer onto the station's P6 truss, co-location of the foot restraint in a stowed location, and installed the MISSE-1 and 2 containers onto the Quest airlock.[24][25]
18 August
13:42		 5 hours
29 minutes		 19:11 STS-105
ISS Discovery		 Daniel T. Barry
Patrick G. Forrester		 Installed heater cables and handrails onto the Destiny laboratory.[24][25]
8 October
14:24		 4 hours
58 minutes		 19:22 Expedition 3
ISS Pirs		 Vladimir Dezhurov
Mikhail Tyurin		 Installed cables between Pirs, and Zvezda to allow spacewalk radio communications between the two sections. Installed handrails onto Pirs, and installed an exterior ladder to assist spacewalkers leaving Pirs. Installed a Strela cargo crane.[26] First EVA conducted from the Pirs docking compartment.
15 October
09:17		 5 hours
51 minutes		 15:08 Expedition 3
ISS Pirs		 Vladimir Dezhurov
Mikhail Tyurin		 Installed Russian commercial experiments (MPAC-SEEDS) onto the exterior of the Pirs docking compartment.[26]
12 November
21:41		 5 hours
5 minutes		 13 November
02:46		 Expedition 3
ISS Pirs		 Vladimir Dezhurov
Frank L. Culbertson		 Connected cables on the exterior of Pirs for the Kurs automated docking system, completed checks of the Strela cargo crane, and inspected and photographed a panel of a solar array on Zvezda that had a portion of a panel not fully unfolded.[26]
3 December
13:20		 2 hours
46 minutes		 16:06 Expedition 3
ISS Pirs		 Vladimir Dezhurov
Mikhail Tyurin		 Removed an obstruction that prevented a Progress resupply ship from firmly docking with the station, and took pictures of the debris and of the docking interface.[26]
10 December
17:52		 4 hours
12 minutes		 22:04 STS-108
ISS Endeavour		 Linda M. Godwin
Daniel M. Tani		 Installed insulating blankets around two Beta Gimbal Assemblies that rotate the station's solar array wings, and performed get-ahead tasks in preparation for STS-110's spacewalks.[27][28][29]

References
Generic references:
Spaceflight portal
  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

Footnotes
  1. Clark, Stephen (6 October 2010). "WMAP finishes nine-year probe of infant universe". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  2. "MOLNIYA 3-51". N2YO.com. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. "MOLNIYA 3-51". N2YO.com. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. "CORONAS F". N2YO.com. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. "CORONAS F". N2YO.com. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  6. "QUICKBIRD 2". N2YO.com. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  7. "QUICKBIRD 2". N2YO.com. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  8. "Reentry of the Cosmos-2383 naval reconnaissance satellite". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. 20 March 2004. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  9. NASA (2001). "STS-98 Day 4 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  10. Boeing/NASA/United Space Alliance (2001). "Three Space Walks Will Add Sophisticated Laboratory". Shuttle Press Kits. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  11. NASA (2001). "STS-98 Day 6 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  12. NASA (2001). "STS-98 Day 8 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  13. NASA (2001). "STS-102 Day 4 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  14. NASA (2001). "STS-102 Day 6 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  15. NASA (2001). "STS-100 Day 4 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  16. NASA (2001). "STS-100 Day 6 Highlights". NASA. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  17. NASA (2001). "ISS Status Report #01-18 Friday, June 9, 2001 – Expedition Two Crew". NASA. Archived from the original on 6 November 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  18. Jim Banke (2001). "First spacewalk concludes". Space.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  19. Boeing/NASA/United Space Alliance (2001). "STS-104 Spacewalks: Installing a Spacewalking Portal". Shuttle Press Kits. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  20. NASA (2001). "STS-104 Extravehicular Activities". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  21. NASA (2001). "STS-104". NASA. Archived from the original on 21 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  22. Todd Halvorson (2001). "Quest Airlock Makes Orbital Debut as Astronauts Wrap Up Station Construction Work". Space.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  23. Jim Banke (2001). "Historic milestone at Alpha". Space.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  24. NASA (2001). "STS-105 Extravehicular Activities". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  25. NASA/Boeing/United Space Alliance (2001). "Two Spacewalks to Lay Groundwork for Future ISS Construction". Shuttle Press Kit. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  26. NASA (2001). "Expedition Three Spacewalks". NASA. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  27. NASA (2001). "STS-108 Extravehicular Activities". NASA. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  28. NASA (2001). "STS-108, Mission Control Center Status Report #11". NASA. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  29. Jim Banke (2001). "STS-108 Mission Update Archive". Space.com. Archived from the original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
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