1756
1756 (MDCCLVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1756th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 756th year of the 2nd millennium, the 56th year of the 18th century, and the 7th year of the 1750s decade. As of the start of 1756, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1756 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
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| Lists of leaders |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1756 MDCCLVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2509 |
| Armenian calendar | 1205 ԹՎ ՌՄԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6506 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1677–1678 |
| Bengali calendar | 1163 |
| Berber calendar | 2706 |
| British Regnal year | 29 Geo. 2 – 30 Geo. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2300 |
| Burmese calendar | 1118 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7264–7265 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙亥年 (Wood Pig) 4452 or 4392 — to — 丙子年 (Fire Rat) 4453 or 4393 |
| Coptic calendar | 1472–1473 |
| Discordian calendar | 2922 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1748–1749 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5516–5517 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1812–1813 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1677–1678 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4856–4857 |
| Holocene calendar | 11756 |
| Igbo calendar | 756–757 |
| Iranian calendar | 1134–1135 |
| Islamic calendar | 1169–1170 |
| Japanese calendar | Hōreki 6 (宝暦６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1681–1682 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
| Korean calendar | 4089 |
| Minguo calendar | 156 before ROC 民前156年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 288 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2298–2299 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴木猪年 (female Wood-Pig) 1882 or 1501 or 729 — to — 阳火鼠年 (male Fire-Rat) 1883 or 1502 or 730 |
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Events
January–March
- January 16 – The Treaty of Westminster is signed between Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the German province of Hanover, controlled by King George II of Great Britain.[1]
- February 10 – The massacre of the Guaraní rebels in the Jesuit reduction of Caaibaté takes place in Brazil after their leader, Noicola Neenguiru, defies an ultimatum to surrender by 2:00 in the afternoon.[2] Three days earlier, on February 7, Neenguiru's predecessor Sepé Tiaraju had been killed in a brief skirmish. As two o'clock arrives, a combined force of Spanish and Portuguese troops makes an assault on the first of the Seven Towns established as Jesuit missions. Defending their town with cannons made out of bamboo, the Guaraní suffer 1,511 dead, compared to three Spaniards and two Portuguese killed in battle.[3]
- February 14 – The Maratha Navy that has controlled the western coast of India for the Maratha Empire for more than a century, is destroyed in the Battle of Vijaydurg by British attackers fighting for the East India Company. On orders of Royal Navy Admiral Charles Watson, the Royal Navy captures a Maratha ship (the former British warship HMS Restoration), sets it on fire, and then floats the burning vessel into the Vijaydurg Port where most of Maratha Admiral Tulaji Angre's ships are anchored. The fire soon spreads to the other ships, destroying one large warship armed with 74 cannon, eight gurabs of 200 tonnes apiece, and sixty galbat ships.[4]
- March 17 – St. Patrick's Day is celebrated in New York City for the first time (at the Crown and Thistle Tavern).
April–June
- April 1 – Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha resigns as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He is replaced by Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha, who had been Grand Vizier from 1752 to 1755.
- April 12 – Seven Years' War: The French invade Menorca, at this time under British control.
- May 18 – Seven Years' War: The Seven Years' War formally begins, when Great Britain declares war on France.[1]
- May 20 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Minorca: The British fleet under John Byng is defeated by the French, under Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière.
- June 20 – A garrison of the British Army in India is imprisoned, in the Black Hole of Calcutta.[1]
- June 22 – The Coup of 1756, an attempted coup d'état planned by Queen Louisa Ulrika of Sweden, to abolish the rule of the Riksdag of the Estates and reinstate absolute monarchy in Sweden with the support of the Hovpartiet, is exposed and subdued.
- June 25 – The Marine Society is founded in London, the world's oldest seafarers' charity.[5]
- June 29 – Seven Years' War – Siege of Fort St Philip at Port Mahon: The British garrison in Menorca surrenders to the French, after two months' siege by Armand de Vignerot du Plessis.
July–September
- July 30 – Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers in Russia.
- August 14 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Fort Oswego falls to the French.
- August 29 – Frederick II of Prussia invades Saxony, beginning the Seven Years' War on the continent.
- September 2 – Abu l-Hasan Ali I, Bey of Tunis is forcibly removed after 23 years as the ruler of the North African emirate by his cousins, who are avenging the overthrow and execution of their father, Husayn in 1735. Hasan Ali surrenders to the rebels and is imprisoned in Algiers, then executed on September 22 on orders of the new Bey of Tunis, Muhammad I ar-Rashid.
October–December
- October 1 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Lobositz: Frederick defeats an Austrian army under Marshal Maximilian Ulysses Count Browne.
- October 14 – An "Agreement of Friendship and Trade" is signed by Sultan Osman III and King Frederick V. Denmark appoints an extraordinary representative to the Ottoman Empire.[6]
- November 16 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, the Duke of Newcastle, is forced to resign as Prime Minister of Great Britain after the British surrender of Minorca to the French. The office of Prime Minister remains vacant for eight months as William Pitt and the Duke of Devonshire leading the cabinet.
- December – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Militias of the Royal Colony of North Carolina build a fort on the province's western frontier to protect it against natives allied with the French. The fort is named Fort Dobbs in honor of North Carolina Governor Arthur Dobbs, who persuaded the North Carolina legislature to fund the construction a year earlier.
- December 14 – The play Douglas is performed for the first time in Edinburgh, with overwhelming success, in spite of the opposition of the local church presbytery, who summon Alexander Carlyle to answer for having attended its representation. However, it fails in its early promise to set up a new Scottish dramatic tradition.
Date unknown
- Frederick II of Prussia forces his country's peasants to grow the unpopular and obscure potato.
- The town of Gus-Khrustalny is established in Russia, with the setting up of a crystal glass factory.[7]
- The first chocolate-candy factory begins operations in Germany.
- Leopold Mozart publishes his book on his method for learning to play the violin, Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule.
Births
- January 19 – Guillaume-Antoine Olivier, French entomologist (d. 1814)
- January 27 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (d. 1791)
- February 6 – Aaron Burr, 3rd Vice President of the United States (d. 1836)
- February 20 – Angelica Schuyler Church, daughter of Genl.Philip Schuyler, sister to Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton (d. 1814)
- March 3 – William Godwin, English writer (d. 1836)
- March 4 – Sir Henry Raeburn, Scottish painter (d. 1823)
- May 18 – Ignaz Aurelius Fessler, Hungarian-born court councillor, minister to Czar Alexander I of Russia (d. 1839)
- May 27 – King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (d. 1825)
- May 31 – Abbé Faria, Luso-Goan Catholic monk, student of hypnotism (d. 1819)
- June 6 – John Trumbull, American painter (d. 1843)
- June 20 – Joseph Martin Kraus, German-Swedish composer (d. 1792)
- July 7 – Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, Swedish statesman (d. 1813)
- July 31 – Dheeran Chinnamalai, Tamil king (d. 1805)
- August 1 – Pierre Louis Prieur, French politician (d. 1827)
- August 29 – Heinrich Graf von Bellegarde, Austrian field marshal, statesman (d. 1845)
- September 7 – Willem Bilderdijk, Dutch author (d. 1831)
- September 23 – John Loudon McAdam, Scottish engineer, road-builder (d. 1836)
- October 21 – Philippine Engelhard, German writer, scholar (d. 1831)
- October 27 - Nathaniel Pendleton, Amer. lawyer, judge. Famous "second" to A. Hamilton. (d.1821)
- November 3 – Pierre Laromiguière, French philosopher (d. 1837)
- date unknown –
- Maria Pellegrina Amoretti, Italian lawyer (d. 1787)
- Gideon Morris, trans-Appalachian pioneer (d. 1798)
- Hilchen Sommerschild, Norwegian educator (d. 1831)
Deaths
- January 17 – Isabella Simons, banker in the Austrian Netherlands (b. 1694)
- January 18 – Francis George of Schönborn-Buchheim (b. 1682)
- February 22 – Akdun, Chinese Manchu statesman (b. 1685)
- February 25 – Eliza Haywood, English actress, writer (b. 1693)
- March 1 – Antonio Bernacchi, Italian opera singer (b. 1685)
- April 4 – Marie Sophie de Courcillon, French noblewoman and Duchess of Rohan-Rohan, Princess of Soubise by marriage (b. 1713)
- April 10 – Giacomo Antonio Perti, Italian composer (b. 1661)
- April 18 – Jacques Cassini, French astronomer (b. 1677)
- May 11 – Alexander Hamilton, Scottish-born doctor and writer from colonial Maryland (b. 1712)
- July 1 – Giambattista Nolli, Italian architect (b. 1701)
- July 24 – George Vertue, English engraver, antiquary (b. 1684)
- September 8 – Jonathan Nichols, Jr., Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (b. 1712)
- September 22 – Abu l-Hasan Ali I, ruler of Tunisia (b. 1688)
- October 13 – John Henley, English minister (b. 1692)
- October 15 – William Grimston, 1st Viscount Grimston, Irish noble (b. 1684)
- October 26 – Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière, governor of New France (b. 1693)
- October 28 – Charles Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort (b. 1709)
- December 8 – William Stanhope, 1st Earl of Harrington, English statesman, diplomat (b. c. 1690)
- December 11 – Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1701)
- date unknown
- Bernard Accama, Dutch painter (b. 1697)
- Frehat Bat Avraham, Jewish Poet
References
- Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 318. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- David Marley, Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the Present (ABC-CLIO, 2008) p414
- Barbara Ganson, The Guaraní Under Spanish Rule in the Río de la Plata (Stanford University Press, 2005) pp107-108
- Anglo-Maratha Struggle for Empire: The Importance of Maritime Power, by Col. Anil Athale, in Indian Defence Review (Apr-Jun 2017)
- "History". Marine Society. Archived from the original on January 21, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- "Danish Business Delegation to Turkey" (PDF). Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-01. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
Trade between our two countries can be dated centuries back. In 1756 Denmark and The Ottoman Empire signed a treaty on commerce and friendship, which paved the way for closer ties both human and commercial between our two people...
- Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 114. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
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