1752

1752 (MDCCLII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1752nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 752nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 52nd year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1750s decade. As of the start of 1752, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1752 by topic
Arts and science
Countries
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
  • Births
  • Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments
Works category
  • Works
1752 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1752
MDCCLII
Ab urbe condita2505
Armenian calendar1201
ԹՎ ՌՄԱ
Assyrian calendar6502
Balinese saka calendar1673–1674
Bengali calendar1159
Berber calendar2702
British Regnal year25 Geo. 2 – 26 Geo. 2
Buddhist calendar2296
Burmese calendar1114
Byzantine calendar7260–7261
Chinese calendar辛未年 (Metal Goat)
4448 or 4388
    — to —
壬申年 (Water Monkey)
4449 or 4389
Coptic calendar1468–1469
Discordian calendar2918
Ethiopian calendar1744–1745
Hebrew calendar5512–5513
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1808–1809
 - Shaka Samvat1673–1674
 - Kali Yuga4852–4853
Holocene calendar11752
Igbo calendar752–753
Iranian calendar1130–1131
Islamic calendar1165–1166
Japanese calendarHōreki 2
(宝暦２年)
Javanese calendar1677–1678
Julian calendarGregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar4085
Minguo calendar160 before ROC
民前160年
Nanakshahi calendar284
Thai solar calendar2294–2295
Tibetan calendar阴金羊年
(female Iron-Goat)
1878 or 1497 or 725
    — to —
阳水猴年
(male Water-Monkey)
1879 or 1498 or 726
February 29: The Konbaung Dynasty is founded by Alaungpaya
Map of New Spain in 1752

In the British Empire, it was the only year with 355 days, as 3–13 September were skipped when the Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January–March

April–June
  • April 6 – Spanish Governor Tomás Vélez Cachupín of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, a province that now comprises most of the American state of New Mexico, begins the first peace negotiations with the indigenous Comanche tribe after inviting tribal representatives to his home in Taos.[5] As a sign of good faith, he unconditionally releases the four Comanche prisoners of war held at Taos. One of the released Comanches reports to his father, Chief Guanacante, about the hospitality extended to him during his imprisonment, and more meetings take place in July and in the autumn.
  • April 12
    • The Kingdom of Afghanistan, under the rule of Ahmad Shah Durrani, recaptures the city of Lahore four years after its capture by the Sikhs of Punjab.[6]
    • The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Spain's Royal Academy of the Fine Arts, is formally established in Spain, eight years after first being proposed to King Fernando VI by Jeronimo Antonio Gil as a small school in Madrid. The foundation of the Royal Academy is considered by historians to be "an essential step in modernizing Spain" during the Spanish Enlightenment.[7]
  • April 13 – The oldest property insurance company in the United States, "Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire", holds its organizational meeting at the courthouse in Philadelphia to elect a board of directors, largely through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin. Franklin's newspaper, The Pennsylvania Gazette, has been advertising the meeting since February 18, with a notice that "All persons inclined to subscribe to the articles of insurance of houses from fire, in or near this city, are desired to appear at the Court-house, where attendance will be given, to take in their subscriptions, every seventh day of the week, in the afternoon, until the 13th of April next, being the day appointed by the said articles for electing twelve directors and a treasurer." [8][9] The property insurance company is still in existence more than 250 years later.
  • April 22 – Adam Smith, appointed the year before as a professor of logic, is unanimously elected by the faculty of the University of Glasgow to be the new Professor of Moral Philosophy "on the express condition that he would content himself with the emoluments of the Logic Professorship until 10 October",[10] in that the 1751-1752 salary budgeted for the job has already been distributed to faculty members who had substituted for the previous moral philosophy professor, Thomas Craigie; from April to October, Smith's remuneration for teaching moral philosophy is limited to fees paid directly to him by his students (a half guinea per semester for the public class, and a guinea per semester for the private class. Smith's lectures on ethics are first published in 1759 in his work The Theory of Moral Sentiments.
  • May 10 – At Marly-la-Ville in France, physicist Thomas-François Dalibard successfully conducts the kite experiment proposed by Benjamin Franklin in the 1750 book Franklin's Experiments and Observations on Electricity.[11]
  • June – Benjamin Franklin reportedly carries out his famous kite experiment, duplicating experiments that show that lightning and electricity are the same. According to Franklin, lightning strikes the kite that he is flying during a thunderstorm and produces sparks identical to what he has previously generated artificially in a Leyden jar. However, the report of his experiment is not made until October 19, in Franklin's newspaper, The Pennsylvania Gazette, leading 20th century researchers to doubt that he conducted the experiment, if at all, until sometime after September 28, when he had written in the Gazette about other such experiments, and that he was making a claim that he had conceived the experiment independently.[11]
  • June 3 – A fire destroys 13,000 houses in Moscow, capital of the Russian Empire, only 11 days after a May 23 fire destroyed 5,000 homes; by June 6, two-thirds of the city has been damaged or destroyed.[12]
  • June 21 – Pickawillany (now Piqua, Ohio), the capital of the Miami Indian nation, is attacked and burned by Odawa, Ojibwe and French soldiers under the command of Odawa War Chief Charles Michel de Langlade.[13] News of the destruction soon reaches the Miami delegates to the summit meeting with the British colonial delegation at Logstown, leading the American Indian delegates to suggest that the British build a fortress at what is now Pittsburgh.

July–September
  • July 1 – In Istanbul, Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha is dismissed from his position as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire by the Ottoman Sultan, Mahmud I. The Sultan appoints Çorlulu Ali Pasha as the new Grand Vizier.
  • July 30 – The first of the Kronstadt canals, conceived by Peter the Great and designed to link two of the harbors of the Russian city, is completed and opened to maritime traffic.[14]
  • August 3 – Edward Cornwallis, the British Governor of Nova Scotia, is recalled to Britain after being unsuccessful in pressuring Nova Scotia's Acadian population to take an oath of allegiance to the Crown or to face expulsion. His replacement, Peregrine Hopson, is more lenient with the Acadians but is reassigned less than two years later.[15]
  • August 21 – The "Covenanters" a Scottish Presbyterian group whose members have fled Scotland for America, holds the first Covenanter communion in the 13 American colonies, meeting in New Kingstown, Pennsylvania.[16]
  • August 25 – The first group of the United Brethren church, commonly called the Moravians, leaves Bethlehem, Pennsylvania on a mission to find 100,000 acres (40,000 ha) of land on which to build "Villages of the Lord" for German emigres to settle upon in America; after a 450 miles (720 km) journey, they arrive in Edenton, North Carolina on September 10 and eventually purchase the Wachovia tract, a set of lands in the western North Carolina colony.[17]
  • September 2 of Julian calendar (Wednesday) (September 13 "New Style") – Great Britain and the British Empire use the Julian calendar for the last time and adopt the Gregorian calendar, making the next day Thursday, September 14 in the English-speaking world. A newspaper at the time notes the next day that "Altho' we have more than once, for the Information of our Readers, publish'd some Accounts of the Alteration of the Style, which took Place this Day, agreeable to a late Act of Parliament, in all his Majesty's Dominions in Europe, Asia, Africa and America" and notes that "The Supputation of the Year began on the first Day of January last, and for the future the first Day of that Month will be stiled the first Day of every Year in all Accounts whatsoever, which Supputation or Reckoning never took Place before this Year in any Courts of Law until the 25th Day of March", and adds, "This Day, had not this Act passed, would have been the 3rd of September, but is now reckoned the 14th, eleven nominal Days being omitted." [18]

October–December
  • October 19 — In his Philadelphia newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette, Benjamin Franklin first describes the performance, in Philadelphia of the kite experiment that he had proposed in his 1750 book. Although the original account makes no claim that he was the first to do the experiment (which had been done by other scientists (including Thomas-François Dalibard in May), nor that he conducted the test, and it does not give a date for the experiment, it becomes embellished as the story that Franklin "discovered electricity"; in 1766, the story first circulates that Franklin flew the kite in June, 1752, without specifying a date (as Franklin had done in other scientific accounts).[11]
  • November 3 – A hurricane destroys the Spanish settlement on Florida's Santa Rosa Island, leaving only two buildings standing;[19] the remaining residents decide to move from the barrier island on the Gulf of Mexico and to start a settlement on the nearby mainland and construct the Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola, which later forms the nucleus of the city of Pensacola, Florida.
  • November 8 – British Governor Hopson of Nova Scotia and French Governor General of New France, the Marquis Duquesne, agree to a free exchange of deserters from each other's armies in Canada, with the understanding that neither side will execute a deserter once returned.[20]
  • November 22 – "Father Le Loutre's War", the war between the British Canadian colonists of Nova Scotia and the indigenous Mi'kmaq (Micmac) tribe halts temporarily when a peace treaty is signed between the warring parties at Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia.[21] Governor Hopson, accompanied by former Governor Cornwallis, signs on behalf of the British and Chief Kopit (Jean-Baptiste Cope), the Sakamaw of the Mi'kmaq, signs on behalf of his people.
  • December 5 – The first presentation of a Shakespearean play in America is performed when a company of players stages The Merchant of Venice in Williamsburg, Virginia.[22]

Births

January
John Nash
Gouverneur Morris

February
John Graves Simcoe

March

April
Humphry Repton

May
Albrecht Thaer

June
Frances Burney

July
St. George Tucker

August
Maria Carolina of Austria

September
Adrien-Marie Legendre

October

November
Józef Zajączek
George Rogers Clark
Thomas Chatterton

December
Gabriel Duvall

Deaths
Joseph Butler
William Whiston

References
  1. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 315–316. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  2. Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Penn Reading Project Edition, ed. by Nathan G. Goodman (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1937), updated by ed. Peter Conn (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010) p92
  3. James L. Chen and Adam Chen, A Guide to Hubble Space Telescope Objects: Their Selection, Location, and Significance (Springer, 2015) p53
  4. Hening, William Walter. "Hening's Statutes at Large". Retrieved April 9, 2011.
  5. Elizabeth A. H. John, Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of Indians, Spanish, and French in the Southwest, 1540-1795 (University of Oklahoma Press, 1996) p324
  6. "Afghan-Sikh Wars (Durrani-Sikh Wars)", by Melodee M. Baines, in Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century, ed. by Tom Lansford (ABC-CLIO, 2017) p20
  7. Kelly Donahue-Wallace, Jerónimo Antonio Gil and the Idea of the Spanish Enlightenment (University of New Mexico Press, 2017) p38
  8. The Pennsylvania Gazette, February 18, 1752, p2
  9. The Pennsylvania Gazette, March 17, 1752, p2
  10. Ian Simpson Ross, The Life of Adam Smith (Oxford University Press, 2010)
  11. Tom Tucker, Bolt Of Fate: Benjamin Franklin And His Fabulous Kite (PublicAffairs, 2009) p135-140
  12. "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p52
  13. Alan Axelrod, A Savage Empire: Trappers, Traders, Tribes, and the Wars That Made America (Macmillan, 2011) p131
  14. "A. P. Gannibal: On the Occasion of the Three Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Pushkin's Great-Grandfather", by N. K. Teletova, in Under the Sky of My Africa: Alexander Pushkin and Blackness, ed. by Catharine Theimer Nepomnyashchy, et al. (Northwestern University Press, 2006) p69
  15. William Arceneaux, No Spark of Malice: The Murder of Martin Begnaud (Louisiana State University Press, 2004) p56
  16. Christine Clepper Musser, Images of America: Silver Spring Township (Arcadia Publishing, 2014) p31
  17. Beverly Hamel, American Chronicles: Bethania— The Village by the Black Walnut Bottom (Arcadia Publishing, 2009)
  18. "Saturday's Post from the Whitehall and General Evening Posts", The Derby Mercury (Derby, Derbyshire), September 15, 1752, p1
  19. Jay Barnes, Florida's Hurricane History (University of North Carolina Press, 2012) p47
  20. Dianne Marshall, Heroes of the Acadian Resistance: The Story of Joseph Beausoleil Broussard and Pierre II Surette 1702-1765 (Formac Publishing, 2011) p105
  21. "Aboriginal Rights v. Government Legislation", by Graydon Nicholas, in The Maritimes: Tradition, Challenge, ed. by George Peabody, et al. (Maritext, Ltd., 1987) p257
  22. "Shylock as the American Capitalist", by Elaine Brousseau, in Merchants, Barons, Sellers and Suits: The Changing Images of the Businessman through Literature, ed. by Christa Mahalik (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010) p95
  23. Wisbey, Herbert A. Jr (2009) [1965]. Pioneer Prophetess: Jemima Wilkinson, the Publick Universal Friend. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-7551-1., p. 3; Moyer, Paul B. The Public Universal Friend: Jemima Wilkinson and Religious Enthusiasm in Revolutionary America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015, p. 13
  24. Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F. Pietà: Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. pp. 339–340. ISBN 9789993291329.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.