1584
1584 (MDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. As of the start of 1584, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1584 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1584 MDLXXXIV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2337 |
| Armenian calendar | 1033 ԹՎ ՌԼԳ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6334 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1505–1506 |
| Bengali calendar | 991 |
| Berber calendar | 2534 |
| English Regnal year | 26 Eliz. 1 – 27 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2128 |
| Burmese calendar | 946 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7092–7093 |
| Chinese calendar | 癸未年 (Water Goat) 4280 or 4220 — to — 甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 4281 or 4221 |
| Coptic calendar | 1300–1301 |
| Discordian calendar | 2750 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1576–1577 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5344–5345 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1640–1641 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1505–1506 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4684–4685 |
| Holocene calendar | 11584 |
| Igbo calendar | 584–585 |
| Iranian calendar | 962–963 |
| Islamic calendar | 991–992 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenshō 12 (天正１２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1503–1504 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3917 |
| Minguo calendar | 328 before ROC 民前328年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 116 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2126–2127 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴水羊年 (female Water-Goat) 1710 or 1329 or 557 — to — 阳木猴年 (male Wood-Monkey) 1711 or 1330 or 558 |
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Events
June 4: Roanoke Island is discovered.
January–June
- January–March – Archangelsk is founded as New Kholmogory in northern Russia, by Ivan the Terrible.
- January 11 – Sir Walter Mildmay is given a royal licence to found Emmanuel College, Cambridge.[1]
- March 18 (N.S. March 28) – Ivan the Terrible, ruler of Russia since 1533, dies; he is succeeded as Tsar by his son, Feodor.
- May 17 – The conflict between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu culminates in the Battle of Nagakute.
- June 1 – With the death of the Duc d'Anjou, the Huguenot Henry of Navarre becomes heir-presumptive to the throne of France.
- June 4 – Walter Raleigh sends Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore the Outer Banks of Virginia (now North Carolina), with a view to establishing an English colony; they locate Roanoke Island.[2]
- June 11 – Walk (modern-day Valka and Valga, towns in Latvia and Estonia respectively), receive city rights from Polish king Stefan Bathory.
July–December
- July – The Siege of Antwerp[3] begins.
- July 5 – The Maronite College is established in Rome, Papal States.
- July 10 – William I of Orange is assassinated.
- September 17 – Ghent falls into the hands of Alexander Farnese, governor of the Spanish Netherlands.[4]
- December – The Treaty of Joinville is signed secretly between the French Catholic League and Spain.
Date unknown
- Ratu Hijau becomes queen regnant of the once Malay Pattani Kingdom.
- Belgian cartographer and geographer Abraham Ortelius features Ming Dynasty-era Chinese carriages with masts and sails, in his atlas Theatrum Orbis Terrarum; concurrent and later Western writers also take note of this peculiar Chinese invention.
- This year, according to Italian heretic Jacopo Brocardo, is regarded as an apocalyptic inauguration of a major new cycle.
Births
Archduchess Marie of Austria
- January 1 – Charles de Lorme, French physician (d. 1678)
- January 7 – Karan Singh II, Maharana of Mewar (d. 1628)
- January 29 – Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (d. 1647)
- February 9 – Francesco Maria Richini, Italian architect (d. 1658)
- February 12 – Caspar Barlaeus, Dutch polymath (d. 1648)
- February 18 – Philippe de Carteret II, son of Philippe de Carteret I (1552– (d. 1643)
- February 19 – Angelo Nardi, Italian painter (d. 1664)
- February 26 – Albert VI of Bavaria (d. 1666)
- March 15 – Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (d. 1663)
- March 22 – Grégoire de Saint-Vincent, Flemish Jesuit and mathematician (d. 1667)
- March 26 – John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1635)
- March 29 – Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English parliamentary general (d. 1648)
- April 6 – Bridget de Vere, Countess of Berkshire, English countess (d. 1630)
- April 10 – Sibylle Elisabeth of Württemberg, Duchess consort of Saxony (d. 1606)
- April 20 – Sir John Langham, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1671)
- April 23 – Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara, Spanish noble (d. 1644)
- April 29 – Melchior Teschner, German cantor, composer and theologian (d. 1635)
- May 17 – John Jacob Hess, Swiss minister (d. 1639)
- May 23 – Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff, Austrian diplomat (d. 1650)
- May 27 – Michael Altenburg, German composer (d. 1640)
- June 6 – Yuan Chonghuan, Chinese politician, military general and writer (d. 1630)
- June 15 – Anna Sophie of Anhalt, German noblewoman (d. 1652)
- June 16 – Archduchess Maria of Austria (d. 1649)
- June 25 – Richard Strode, English politician (d. 1669)
- June 26 – Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster, English politician (d. 1659)
- July 17 – Agnes of Brandenburg, Duchess of Pomerania, later Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1629)
- July 26 – Gaspard III de Coligny, Marshal of France (d. 1646)
- August 1 – Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland, English earl (d. 1630)
- August 10 – John Casimir, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (1606–1627) (d. 1627)
- August 11 – Philip Ernest, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1610–1628) (d. 1628)
- August 13 – Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician (d. 1640)
- August 28 – Richard Treat, American city founder (d. 1669)
- August 29 – Patrick Young, Scottish librarian (d. 1652)
- September 11 – Thomas van Erpe, Dutch Orientialist, cartographer (d. 1624)
- September 13 – Francis Julius of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince (d. 1634)
- September 15 – Georg Rudolf Weckherlin, German poet (d. 1653)
- September 16 – Giulio Roma, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1652)
- September 17 – John Finch, 1st Baron Finch, English judge (d. 1660)
- October 10 – Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke (d. 1650)
- November 3 – Jean-Pierre Camus, French Catholic bishop (d. 1652)
- November 10 – Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg (d. 1638)
- November 16 – Barbara Sophie of Brandenburg, duchess consort and later regent of Württemberg (d. 1636)
- November 18 – Gaspar de Crayer, Flemish painter (d. 1669)
- December 15 – Queen Inmok, Korean royal consort (d. 1632)
- December 16 – John Selden, English jurist (d. 1654)
- December 25 – Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain (d. 1611)
- December 27 – Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1625)
- December 28 – Juan de Dicastillo, Spanish theologian (d. 1653)
- date unknown
- William Baffin, English explorer (d. 1622)
- Francis Beaumont, English dramatist (d. 1616)
- Antonio Cifra, Italian composer (d. 1629)
- Matthias Gallas, Austrian soldier (d. 1647)
- Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese samurai, artist, philosopher (d. 1645)
- John Hales, English theologian (d. 1656)
- Hu Zhengyan, Chinese artist, printmaker, calligrapher and publisher (d. 1674)
- Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull (d. 1643)
- Mathieu Molé, French statesman (d. 1656)
- Herman Wrangel, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1643)
Deaths
Tsar Ivan IV of Russia
Saint Charles Borromeo
- January 4 – Tobias Stimmer, Swiss painter and drawer (b. 1539)
- January 11 – Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Spanish constiquador (b. 1496)
- January 15 – Martha Leijonhufvud, politically active Swedish noble (b. 1520)
- February 18 – Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Italian writer (b. 1503)
- February 19 – Anna de' Medici, Tuscan princess (b. 1569)
- March 10 – Thomas Norton, English politician and writer (b. 1532)
- March 18 – Tsar Ivan IV of Russia (b. 1530)
- May 10 – Luigi Cornaro, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1517)
- March 12 – Kasper Franck, German theologian (b. 1543)
- May 18 – Ikeda Tsuneoki, Japanese daimyō and military commander (in battle) (b. 1536)
- May 25 – Prospero Spani, Italian sculptor (b. 1516)
- June 10 – François, Duke of Anjou (b. 1555)
- June 13 – János Zsámboky, Hungarian scholar (b. 1531)
- July – Francis Throckmorton, conspirator against Queen Elizabeth I of England (b. 1554)
- July 10 – William I of Orange (assassinated) (b. 1533)
- July 12 – Steven Borough, English explorer (b. 1525)
- July 14 – Balthasar Gérard, French assassin of William I of Orange (b. 1557)
- July 23 – John Day, English Protestant printer (b. 1522)
- August 22 – Jan Kochanowski, Polish writer (b. 1530)
- October – Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll, Scottish nobleman and politician (b. 1541)
- November 3 – Charles Borromeo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and saint (b. 1538)
- November 17 – Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1528)
- December 26 – Giovanni Francesco Commendone, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1523)
- date unknown
- Jan Borukowski, royal secretary of Poland (b. 1524)
- Yi I of Joseon, Korean Confucian scholar (b. 1536)
- Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł, Polish magnate (b. 1512)
- Carolus Sigonius, Italian humanist (b. 1524)
- Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa, viceroy of Peru (b. 1515)
- Michal Wisniowiecki, prince at Wiśniowiec (b. 1529)
- probable – James Balfour of Pittendreich, Scottish judge and politician
References
- Ford, L. L. (2004). "Mildmay, Sir Walter (1520/21–1589)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18696. Retrieved September 2, 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- Grun, Bernard (1991). The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 259. ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
- "Battle of Antwerp | Summary". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
- Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A. (1873). "Ghent". The American Cyclopaedia. 7. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
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