1660
1660 (MDCLX) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1660th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 660th year of the 2nd millennium, the 60th year of the 17th century, and the 1st year of the 1660s decade. As of the start of 1660, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1660 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1660 MDCLX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2413 |
| Armenian calendar | 1109 ԹՎ ՌՃԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6410 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1581–1582 |
| Bengali calendar | 1067 |
| Berber calendar | 2610 |
| English Regnal year | 11 Cha. 2 – 12 Cha. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2204 |
| Burmese calendar | 1022 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7168–7169 |
| Chinese calendar | 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 4356 or 4296 — to — 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 4357 or 4297 |
| Coptic calendar | 1376–1377 |
| Discordian calendar | 2826 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1652–1653 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5420–5421 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1716–1717 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1581–1582 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4760–4761 |
| Holocene calendar | 11660 |
| Igbo calendar | 660–661 |
| Iranian calendar | 1038–1039 |
| Islamic calendar | 1070–1071 |
| Japanese calendar | Manji 3 (万治３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1582–1583 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3993 |
| Minguo calendar | 252 before ROC 民前252年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 192 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2202–2203 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1786 or 1405 or 633 — to — 阳金鼠年 (male Iron-Rat) 1787 or 1406 or 634 |
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Events
January–June
- January 1
- Colonel George Monck (with his regiment) crosses from Scotland to England at the village of Coldstream, and begins his advance towards London in support of the English Restoration.[1]
- Samuel Pepys begins his diary.[2]
- February 3 – George Monck and his regiment arrive in London.[3]
- February 13 – Charles XI becomes king of Sweden at the age of five, upon the death of his father, Charles X Gustavus.
- February 27 – John Thurloe is reinstated as England's Secretary of State, having been deprived of his offices late in the previous year.
- March 16 – The Long Parliament disbands.
- April 4 – The Declaration of Breda promises amnesty, freedom of conscience, and army back pay, in return for support for the English Restoration.[3]
- May 3 – Treaty of Oliva: Peace is made between Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Habsburgs and Brandenburg-Prussia.
- May 8 – The Parliament of England declares Prince Charles Stuart, King Charles II of England.
- May 15 – John Thurloe is arrested for high treason, for his support of Oliver Cromwell's regime.
- May 25 – Charles II of England lands at Dover.[4]
- May 27 – The Treaty of Copenhagen is signed, marking the conclusion of the Second Northern War. Sweden returns Trøndelag to Norway, and Bornholm to Denmark.
- May 29 – King Charles II of England arrives in London and assumes the throne, marking the beginning of the English Restoration.[3]
- June 1 – Mary Dyer is hanged for defying a law banning Quakers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
- June 29 – John Thurloe is released from custody.
July–December
- August 19 – Dr Edward Stanley preaches a sermon in the nave of Winchester Cathedral, to commemorate the return of the Chapter, following the English Restoration.
- September 25 – Samuel Pepys has his first cup of tea (an event recorded in his diary).[2]
- October 17 – The ten regicides who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England are hanged, drawn and quartered, a process which includes their being disemboweled and their bowels burned before their eyes.
- November 28 – At Gresham College in London, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray meet after a lecture by Wren, and decide to found "a College for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning" (later known as the Royal Society).
- December – Andres Malong, a native chieftain of Pangasinan, Philippines, leads a revolt against the Spanish regime.
- December 8 – The first English actress appears on the professional stage in England in a non-singing rôle, as Desdemona in Othello, following reopening of the theatres (variously considered to be Margaret Hughes, Anne Marshall or Katherine Corey).[5][6][7]
Date unknown
- The Royal African Company is founded by James II of England, to trade slaves along the coast of West Africa.
- Blaise Pascal's Lettres provinciales, a defense of the Jansenist Antoine Arnauld, is ordered to be shredded and burned by King Louis XIV of France.
- The expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique is carried out, by French occupying forces.
- Hopkins School is founded.
- The Rigsraad (High Council) of Denmark is abolished[8] and Denmark–Norway becomes an absolute monarchy with the Kingdom of Denmark as a hereditary monarchy by Frederik III.
- A permanent standing army is established in Prussia.
Births
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- January 2 – Francis Hutchinson, Irish bishop (d. 1739)
- January 14 – Joseph Boyse, Presbyterian minister (d. 1728)
- January 27 – Felice Cignani, Italian painter (d. 1724)
- January – Hippolyte Hélyot, French historian (d. 1716)
- February 13 – Johann Sigismund Kusser, German composer (d. 1727)
- February 19 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (d. 1742)
- February 20 – Leonhard Dientzenhofer, German architect (d. 1707)
- February 24 – John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl (d. 1724)
- March 5 – George Stanhope, Dean of Canterbury (d. 1728)
- March 9 – Franz Joseph Feuchtmayer, German sculptor (d. 1718)
- March 12 – Zofia Czarnkowska Opalińska, mother-in-law of King Stanislaus I of Poland (d. 1701)
- March 15 – Olof Rudbeck the Younger, Swedish scientist and explorer (d. 1740)
- March 24 – Filippo Antonio Gualterio, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1728)
- March 25 – Samuel Crellius, Arian philosopher and theologian (d. 1747)
- March 28 – Arnold Houbraken, Dutch painter (d. 1719)
- April 6 – Johann Kuhnau, German composer, organist and harpsichordist (d. 1722)
- April 16 – Hans Sloane, British physician (d. 1753)
- April 19 – Sebastián Durón, Spanish composer (d. 1716)
- April 24 – Cornelis Dusart, Dutch painter (d. 1704)
- By May – Anne Killigrew, English poet and painter (d. 1685)
- May 2 – Alessandro Scarlatti, Italian composer (d. 1725)
- May 5 – David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven, British politician (d. 1728)
- May 20 – Andreas Schlüter, German sculptor (d. 1714)
- June 3 – Johannes Schenck, Dutch musician and composer (d. 1712)
- June 5 – Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, British aristocrat (d. 1744)
- June 7 – King George I of Great Britain (d. 1727)
- June 17 – Jan van Mieris, Dutch painter (d. 1690)
- July 24 – Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, English politician (d. 1718)
- July 27 – Johann Patkul, Livonian nobleman, politician (d. 1707)
- August 2 – Luis Francisco de la Cerda, Spanish noble, politician (d. 1711)
- August 11 – Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth of England (d. 1686)
- August 17 – Sir Richard Bulkeley, 2nd Baronet of England (d. 1710)
- August 21 – Hubert Gautier, French engineer (d. 1737)
- August 27
- Robert Wroth, British politician (d. 1720)
- Claude-François Fraguier, French churchman, writer (d. 1728)
- September 2 – Louis Chéron, French painter (d. 1725)
- September 25 – Willem Verschuring, Dutch painter (d. 1726)
- September 26 – George William, Duke of Liegnitz (d. 1675)
- September – Daniel Defoe, English writer (d. 1731)
- October 20 – Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman (d.1723)
- October 21 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German physician and chemist (d. 1734)
- October 22 – Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (d. 1661)
- October 30
- Albrecht Konrad Finck von Finckenstein, German general (d. 1735)
- Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (d. 1731)
- November 4
- Albert Angell, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1705)
- Samuel Russell, Minister of Branford, Yale co-founder (d. 1731)
- November 7 – Ferdinand Johann Adam von Pernau, Austrian ornithologist (d. 1731)
- November 11 – Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1711)
- November 15 – Hermann von der Hardt, German historian (d. 1746)
- November 20 – Daniel Ernst Jablonski, Czech bishop (d. 1741)
- November 22 – Franz Karl of Auersperg, Prince of Auersperg, Duke of Münsterberg (1705-1713) (d. 1713)
- November 28 – Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (d. 1690)
- November 30 – Victor-Marie d'Estrées, Marshal of France (d. 1737)
- December 4 – André Campra, French composer (d. 1744)
- December 18 – Countess Johanna Magdalene of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German countess (d. 1715)
- December 25 – Charles Somerset, Marquess of Worcester, English politician (d. 1698)
- December 26 – Peter Schenk the Elder, German engraver and cartographer (d. 1711)
- December 27 – Veronica Giuliani, Italian Capuchin mystic (d. 1727)
- date unknown
- Chen Shu, Chinese painter (d. 1736)
- Johann Joseph Fux, Austrian composer (d. 1741)
- Jeanne Dumée, French astronomer (d. 1706)
- Thomas Southerne, Irish playwright (d. 1746)
Deaths
- January 16 – Peter Wtewael, Dutch painter (b. 1596)
- February 2
- Govert Flinck, Dutch painter (b. 1615)
- Gaston, Duke of Orléans, French politician (b. 1608)
- February 6 – Martin de Redin, Spanish 58th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1579)
- February 10 – Judith Leyster, Dutch painter (b. 1609)
- February 13 – King Charles X Gustav of Sweden (b. 1622)
- March – Philip Skippon, English soldier
- March 5 – Felice Ficherelli, Italian painter (b. 1605)
- March 15 – Louise de Marillac, French co-founder of the Daughters of Charity (b. 1591)
- April 4 – Enno Louis, Prince of East Frisia, Frisian prince (b. 1632)
- April 6
- Giovanni Battista Hodierna, Italian astronomer (b. 1597)
- Michelangelo Cerquozzi, Italian painter (b. 1602)
- April 25 – Henry Hammond, English churchman (b. 1605)
- April 26 – Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, wife of George William (b. 1597)
- April 30 – Petrus Scriverius, Dutch writer (b. 1576)
- May 21 – Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, iconic figure in the history of New France (b. 1635)
- May 29
- Frans van Schooten, Dutch mathematician (b. 1615)
- George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare, Irish earl (b. 1612)
- June 1 – Mary Dyer, English Quaker (hanged) (b. c. 1611)
- June 2 – Annet de Clermont-Gessant, French 59th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1587)
- June 5 –Anne Holck, Danish noble and war heroine (b. 1602)
- June 7 – George II Rákóczi, Transylvanian ruler (b. 1621)
- June 8 – Lorentz Eichstadt, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1596)
- June 13 – Lady Katherine Ferrers, English aristocrat and heiress (b. 1634)
- June 30 – William Oughtred, English mathematician (b. 1575)
- July 7 – Anna of Pomerania, Duchess-Consort of Croy and Havré (b. 1590)
- August 2 – Agostino Mitelli, Italian painter (b. 1609)
- August 6 – Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (b. 1599)
- August 10 – Esmé Stewart, 2nd Duke of Richmond (b. 1649)
- August 14
- Maria Gonzaga, Duchess of Montferrat, Italian noble (b. 1609)
- William Lytton, Member of Parliament (b. 1586)
- August 31 – Johann Freinsheim, German classical scholar, critic (b. 1608)
- September 12 – Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist and politician (b. 1577)
- September 13 – Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester, son of Charles I (b. 1640)
- September 15 – John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1596)
- September 27 – Vincent de Paul, French saint (b. 1580)
- October 4 – Francesco Albani, Italian painter (b. 1578)
- October 6 – Paul Scarron, French writer (b. 1610)
- October 14 – Thomas Harrison, English soldier (b. 1616)
- October 17 – Adrian Scrope, English regicide (b. 1601)
- November 5
- Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, English socialite (b. 1599)
- Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1591)
- November 27 – John Finch, 1st Baron Finch, English judge (b. 1584)
- November 30 – Prince Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1591)
- December 1 – Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1592)
- December 22 – André Tacquet, Belgian mathematician (b. 1612)
- December 24 – Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (b. 1631)
- December 27 – Hervey Bagot, English politician (b. 1591)
- approximate – William Stone, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. c. 1603)
References
- "January 1". Chambers' Book of Days. Archived from the original on December 17, 2007. Retrieved December 9, 2007.
- Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 187–188. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- "Friday 25 May 1660". The Diary of Samuel Pepys. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
- The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- Howe, Elizabeth (1992). The First English Actresses: Women and Drama, 1660–1700. Cambridge University Press. p. 24.
- Gilder, Rosamond (1931). Enter the Actress: The First Women in the Theatre. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 166.
- Krig og Enevælde: 1648–1746 Archived October 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
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