Wuqiao mutiny

Wuqiao Mutiny
	Part of the Qing conquest of the Ming
Date	1632-1633
Location	Dengzhou and Laizhou
Result	Pyrrhic Ming victory,; Some rebels defect to the Later Jin
Belligerents
Rebels	Ming dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Kong Youde; Geng Zhongming; Li Jiucheng †; Mao Chenglu †	Sun Yuanhua; Xu Congzhi †; Gao Qiqian; Wu Xiang; Wu Sangui; Zhu Dadian; Liu Zeqing; Chen Hongfan
Strength
100,000 infantry[1]; 10,000 cavalry[1]	12,000[1]

The Wuqiao Mutiny (吳橋兵變) was a rebellion by Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming, formerly commanders under Mao Wenlong, who was executed by Yuan Chonghuan in 1629. After Mao's death, Geng Zhongming started raiding Joseon for supplies, but was found out and jailed by his superior Huang Long. Zhongming's brother Zhongyu revolted against Huang Long and imprisoned him. Although Huang was eventually released, he was impeached by Sun Yuanhua for embezzling army funds. Conflicts between officers led to the transfer of Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming to Dengzhou in Shandong. In late 1631, Kong was called in to reinforce Ming forces at the Battle of Dalinghe, but his soldiers were under supplied and were forced to steal chickens and dogs while passing the city of Wuqiao. The local official arrested the thieves and flogged them, which Kong allowed, causing great anger among his men. Under a soldier named Li Jiucheng, the soldiers apprehended Kong and forced him to join them in mutiny. The mutineers raided Jinan and fanned out to take Dengzhou on 22 February 1632, and then Laizhou in March. The failure to defend Dengzhou led to the impeachment of Sun Yuanhua and his replacement by Zhang Fengyi. Sun Yuanhua and Yu Dacheng were executed in 1633.^[2]

The Ming dynasty mobilized Gao Qiqian, Wu Xiang, and Wu Sangui with 12,000 men to relieve Laizhou. Rebel forces were smashed and forced to retreat to Dengzhou, where they were reduced to cannibalism before Kong and Geng escaped by sea with their remaining followers. Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming then defected to the Later Jin in the spring of 1633.^[3]

References

1 2 3 Swope 2014, p. 100.
↑ Swope 2014, p. 96-97.
↑ Swope 2014, p. 101.

Bibliography

Swope, Kenneth M. (2009), A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592-1598, University of Oklahoma Press .
Swope, Kenneth (2014), The Military Collapse of China's Ming Dynasty, Routledge

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[FOOTNOTESwope2014100-1] 1 2 3 Swope 2014, p. 100.

[FOOTNOTESwope201496-97-2] Swope 2014, p. 96-97.

[FOOTNOTESwope2014101-3] Swope 2014, p. 101.

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