United States Senate elections, 1818 and 1819
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14 of the 42 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 22 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1818 and 1819 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party gain two seats. The Federalists had only three seats being contested, of which they lost two and the third was left vacant due to a failure to elect.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Results summary
Senate Party Division, 16th Congress (1819–1821)
- Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (30–37)
- Minority Party: Federalist (9)
- Vacant: 3–0
- Total Seats: 42–46
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
At the beginning of 1818.
| DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 |
| DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 Ran |
DR20 Ran |
| Majority → | DR21 Ran | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F11 Ran |
F12 Ran |
DR28 Resigned |
DR27 Retired |
DR26 Retired |
DR25 Retired |
DR24 Unknown |
DR23 Unknown |
DR22 Unknown | |
| F10 Ran |
F9 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Result of the general elections
| DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 |
| DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 Re-elected |
DR20 Re-elected |
| Majority → | DR21 Re-elected | ||||||||
| V1 F Loss |
DR30 New seat |
DR29 Gain |
DR28 Hold |
DR27 Hold |
DR26 Hold |
DR25 Hold |
DR24 Hold |
DR23 Hold |
DR22 Hold |
| V2 F Loss |
F9 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Results of the special elections
| DR1 Hold | |||||||||
| DR11 | DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 Hold |
DR4 | DR3 | DR2 |
| DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20 | DR21 |
| Majority → | DR22 | ||||||||
| DR31 New seat |
DR30 New seat |
DR29 | DR28 | DR27 | DR26 | DR25 | DR24 | DR23 Hold | |
| V1 | V2 | F9 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 Hold |
F4 | F3 | F2 |
| F1 | |||||||||
| Key: |
|
|---|
Race summaries
Special elections during the 15th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1818 or before March 4, 1819; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Louisiana (Class 2) |
William C. C. Claiborne | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent died November 23, 1817. New senator elected January 12, 1818. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Henry Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 30 votes Mr. Livingston 5 votes John MacDonough 4 votes Dr. Hood 2 votes[1] |
| Massachusetts (Class 1) |
Eli P. Ashmun | Federalist | 1816 (Special) | Incumbent resigned May 10, 1818. New senator elected June 5, 1818. Federalist hold. |
√ Prentiss Mellen (Democratic-Republican) 85 votes William King 37 votes James Bridge 2 votes Mark L. Hill 1 vote[2] |
| Illinois (Class 3) |
New State | New State. New senators elected October 7, 1818[3] on the first and third ballot. Lots were drawn to assign them, respectively, to Classes 3 and 2. The Class 3 senator had to run again for re-election in 1819, see below. Two Democratic-Republican gains. |
First ballot: √ Ninian Edwards (Democratic-Republican) 32 votes[3][4] | ||
| Illinois (Class 2) |
Third ballot: √ Jesse B. Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 21 votes Leonard White 18 votes Michael Jones 1 vote[5] | ||||
| Vermont (Class 3) |
James Fisk | Democratic-Republican | 1817 (Special) | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont. New senator elected October 20, 1818 to finish the term. Winner also elected to the following term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William Palmer (Democratic-Republican) 116 votes Dudley Chase (Federalist) 54 votes William A. Griswold (Democratic-Republican) 11 votes Paul Brigham (Democratic-Republican) 7 votes Scattering 4 votes[6] |
| Georgia (Class 2) |
George M. Troup | Democratic-Republican | 1816 (Special) 1816 |
Incumbent resigned September 23, 1818. New senator elected November 7, 1818 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican) 86 votes Nicholas Ware 29 votes John M. Dooley 10 votes[7] |
Races leading to the 16th Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1819 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | David Daggett | Federalist | 1813 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected October 22, 1818 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Lanman (Democratic-Republican) 114 votes David Daggett (Federalist) 84 votes Elijah Boardman (Democratic-Republican) 7 votes Nathan Smith (Democratic-Republican) 3 votes William Bristol (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote[8] |
| Georgia | Charles Tait | Democratic-Republican | 1809 (Special) 1813 |
Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected November 11, 1818. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Elliot (Democratic-Republican) 72 John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican) 53 votes[9] |
| Illinois | Ninian Edwards | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected in early February 1819.[3] | √ Ninian Edwards (Democratic-Republican) 23 votes Michael Jones 19 votes[10][3] |
| Indiana | Waller Taylor | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected December 16, 1818. | √ Waller Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 21 votes James Scott 15 votes Isaac Blackford 2 votes[11] |
| Kentucky | Isham Talbot | Democratic-Republican | 1814 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected December 17, 1818. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William Logan (Democratic-Republican) 67 votes Richard M. Johnson 55 votes[12] |
| Louisiana | Eligius Fromentin | Democratic-Republican | 1813 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in January 11, 1819 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Brown (Democratic-Republican) John McDonough 9 votes A. L. Duncan 12 votes Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote[13] |
| Maryland | Robert Goldsborough | Federalist | 1813 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Federalist loss. |
None. |
| New Hampshire | Clement Storer | Democratic-Republican | 1817 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1818 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Fabyan Parrott (Democratic-Republican) 97 votes William Plumer 54 votes Jeremiah Smith 11 votes Josiah Butler 5 votes Clement Storer 1 vote[14] |
| New York | Rufus King | Federalist | 1813 | Incumbent ran for re-election. Legislature failed to elect and the seat became vacant. Federalist loss. Incumbent would later be re-elected in 1820, late in the next Congress. |
John C. Spencer (Democratic-Republican: Clintonian) Philetus Swift Rufus King (Federalist) John Van Ness Yates (Democratic-Republican: Bucktail) John Wells (Federalist) Samuel Young (Democratic-Republican: Bucktail)[15] |
| North Carolina | Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-Republican | 1815 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1818.[16] | √ Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 166 votes Unopposed[17] |
| Ohio | Jeremiah Morrow | Democratic-Republican | 1812 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 30, 1819 on the fourth ballot.[18] Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William Trimble (Democratic-Republican) 48 votes Thomas Worthington 25 votes John Hamm 18 votes[18] |
| Pennsylvania | Abner Lacock | Democratic-Republican | 1812 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 8, 1818.[19] Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Walter Lowrie (Democratic-Republican) 87 votes Isaac Weaver, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 32 votes Not Voting 8 votes John Tod (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote[19] |
| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic-Republican | 1812 | Incumbent re-elected in 1818.[20] | √ John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 96 votes John R. Richardson 61 votes[21] |
| Vermont (Class 3) |
James Fisk | Democratic-Republican | 1817 (Special) | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont. New senator elected October 20, 1818. Winner also elected to finish the term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William Palmer (Democratic-Republican) 133 votes Dudley Chase (Federalist) 49 votes William A. Griswold (Democratic-Republican) 7 votes Paul Brigham (Democratic-Republican) 5 votes[22] |
Special elections during the 16th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1819 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
John H. Eaton | Democratic-Republican | 1818 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected October 9, 1819. | √ John H. Eaton (Democratic-Republican) 31 votes Parry W. Humphreys 29 votes[23] |
| Georgia (Class 2) |
John Forsyth | Democratic-Republican | 1818 (Special) | Incumbent resigned February 17, 1819 to become U.S. Minister to Spain. New senator elected November 6, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Freeman Walker (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed[24] |
| Kentucky (Class 2) |
John Crittenden | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1819 to return to private practice. New senator elected December 10, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Richard M. Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 68 votes John Adair (Federalist) 53 votes[25] |
| Virginia (Class 2) |
John Eppes | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health. New senator elected December 10, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Pleasants (Democratic-Republican) 146 votes John Taliaferro 42 votes[26] |
| Alabama (Class 2) |
New State | New State. New senator elected December 14, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ William R. King (Democratic-Republican) 56 votes John W. Walker 11 votes Thomas D. Crabb 2 votes[27] | ||
| Alabama (Class 3) |
New State | New State. New senator elected December 14, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John W. Walker (Democratic-Republican) 59 votes Thomas D. Crabb 7 votes George Phillips 2 votes William R. King 1 vote[28] | ||
| Maryland (Class 3) |
Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected late December 14, 1819 and qualified December 21, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 50 votes William Pinkney (Democratic-Republican) 49 votes Charles Carroll (Federalist) 37 votes Robert Goldsborough (Federalist) 34 votes Charles Goldsborough (Federalist) 4 votes Samuel Smith (Unknown) 1 vote John Graham (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote[29][30] | |||
| Maryland (Class 1) |
Alexander Hanson | Federalist | 1816 (Special) | Incumbent died April 23, 1819. New senator elected December 14, 1819 and qualified December 21, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ William Pinkney (Democratic-Republican) (2nd-place finisher to Edward Lloyd in a combined election in which both Lloyd and Pinkney were elected to the state's two seats, see above)[29][30] |
See also
References
- ↑ "Louisiana 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ↑ "Massachusetts 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 Buck, Solon J. (1917). Bill Thayer, ed. "Illinois in 1818". University of Illinois Press. p. 304. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ↑ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ↑ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ↑ "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ↑ "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ↑ "Connecticut 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ↑ "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ↑ "Illinois 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ↑ "Indiana 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ↑ "Kentucky 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ↑ "Louisiana 1819 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ↑ "New Hampshire 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
- ↑ "New York 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
- ↑ "MACON, Nathaniel, (1757 - 1837)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
- ↑ "North Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
- 1 2 Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. p. 100 – via Google Books.
- 1 2 Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
- ↑ "GAILLARD, John, (1765 - 1826)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
- ↑ "South Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
- ↑ "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ↑ "Tennessee 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ↑ "Georgia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ↑ "Kentucky 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ↑ "Virginia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ↑ "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ↑ "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- 1 2 "Maryland 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- 1 2 "MD US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 30, 2004. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
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