United States Senate elections, 1802 and 1803
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11 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 17 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1802 and 1803 were elections for the United States Senate which had the Democratic-Republican Party assume an overwhelming control thereof.
As these election were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 Ran |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority → | DR17 Ran | ||||||||
| F7 Ran |
F8 Ran |
F9 Ran |
F10 Ran |
F11 Ran |
F12 Ran |
F13 Unknown |
F14 Unknown |
F15 Retired | |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
Result of the elections
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 Re-elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority → | DR17 Re-elected | ||||||||
| F7 Re-elected |
F8 Re-elected |
F9 Hold |
V1 Fed loss |
DR22 Gain |
DR21 Gain |
DR20 Gain |
DR19 Gain |
DR18 Gain | |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
Beginning of the 1st session, October 17, 1803
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| F8 | F9 | DR25 Gain |
DR24 Gain |
DR23 Gain |
DR22 Hold |
DR21 | DR20 | DR19 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
| Key: |
|
Race summaries
Unless noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the 7th Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1803; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| New York (Class 3) |
John Armstrong, Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1801 (Special) | Incumbent resigned February 5, 1802. Winner elected February 11, 1802. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ DeWitt Clinton (Democratic-Republican) 82 Matthew Clarkson 45[1] |
| New Hampshire (Class 3) |
James Sheafe | Federalist | 1800 | Incumbent resigned June 14, 1802. Winner elected June 17, 1802. Federalist hold. |
√ William Plumer (Federalist) 86 Nicholas Gilman 70 Nahum Parker 2[2] |
| South Carolina (Class 3) |
John E. Colhoun | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent died October 26, 1802. Winner elected November 4, 1802. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Pierce Butler (Democratic-Republican) 103 Thomas Edwards 3 R. Anderson 1 John Douglass 1 E. More 1 Pickens 1 A. B. Stark 1 Tucker 1 B. Waring 1 Nothing 1 blank 11[3] |
Races leading to the 8th Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1803; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | James Hillhouse | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected October 27, 1802. | √ James Hillhouse (Federalist) 117 Ephraim Kirby 53 Oliver Ellsworth (Federalist) 2 Nathaniel Smith 1[4] |
| Delaware | Samuel White | Federalist | 1801 (Appointed) | Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1803. | √ Samuel White (Federalist) 20 George Read (Democratic-Republican) 9[5] |
| Maryland | John E. Howard | Federalist | 1796 (Special) 1796 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 17, 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 46 John Eager Howard (Federalist) 30[6] |
| Massachusetts | Jonathan Mason | Federalist | 1800 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 7, 1803 on the fourth ballot. Federalist hold. |
√ John Quincy Adams (Federalist) 105 Thompson J. Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 70 Nicholas Tillinghast (Federalist) 9 Timothy Pickering (Federalist) 6[7] |
| New Jersey | Aaron Ogden | Federalist | 1801 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Federalist loss. |
Joseph Bloomfield (Democratic-Republican) 26 Aaron Ogden (Federalist) 26[8] |
| New York | Gouverneur Morris | Federalist | 1800 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 1, 1803 on the 2nd ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Theodorus Bailey (Democratic-Republican) 59 John Woodworth (Democratic-Republican) 57 Gouverneur Morris (Federalist) eliminated on 1st ballot[9] |
| Pennsylvania | James Ross | Federalist | 1794 (Special) 1797 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 14, 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Samuel Maclay (Democratic-Republican) 59.46% Isaac Weaver (Democratic-Republican) 25.23% William Maclay (Democratic-Republican) 9.91% Not voting 5.41% |
| Rhode Island | Theodore Foster | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Samuel J. Potter (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed[10] |
| Tennessee | Joseph Anderson | Democratic- Republican |
1799 (Special) | Legislature did not elect until September 22, 1803, after the term began, see below. Democratic-Republican loss. |
None. |
| Vermont | Nathaniel Chipman | Federalist | 1797 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Israel Smith (Democratic-Republican), 111 Abel Spencer (Federalist), 79 Scattering, 6.[11] |
| Virginia | Stevens Mason | Democratic- Republican |
1794 (Special) 1796 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1803. | √ Stevens Mason (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Special elections during the 8th Congress
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1803 after March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Ohio (Class 1) |
New seat | Ohio joined the Union in 1803. Winner elected April 1, 1803. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Smith (Democratic-Republican) | ||
| Ohio (Class 3) |
New seat | Ohio joined the Union in 1803. Winner elected April 1, 1803. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Thomas Worthington (Democratic-Republican) | ||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Predecessor re-elected late September 22, 1803 on the 4th ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Joseph Anderson (Democratic-Republican) 19 Daniel Smith 17[12] | ||
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
John Condit | Democratic-Republican | 1803 (Appointed) | Legislature had failed to elect. Condit was then appointed September 1, 1803 to continue the term. He was then elected November 3, 1803. |
√ John Condit (Democratic-Republican) Unanimous[13][14] |
| Virginia (Class 1) |
John Taylor | Democratic-Republican | 1792 (Special) 1793 |
Predecessor Stevens T. Mason (DR) had died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term. Interim appointee served from June 4, 1803, and did not seek election to finish the term. Winner elected December 7, 1803. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Abraham B. Venable (Democratic-Republican) Unanimous[15] |
Early race leading to the Congress-after-next
In this general election, the winner was seated on March 4, 1805; ordered by state.
This election involved a Class 2 seat.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee | William Cocke | Democratic- Republican |
1799 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected early September 23, 1803. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Daniel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 35 Jenkin Whiteside 1[16] |
New Jersey (special)
The New Jersey legislature had failed to elect by March 4, 1803. The governor appointed John Condit (DR) September 1, 1803 to continue the term. Condit was then unanimously elected November 3, 1803 to finish the term. No vote totals were recorded.[17]
Ohio
Ohio joined the Union in 1803. New Democratic-Republican senators were elected April 1, 1803. Official records indicate that John Smith and Thomas Worthington were elected, and that Smith received the "long" term, while Worthington received the "short" one. They do not indicate if there were other candidates, or what the vote totals were.[18]
Vermont
Federalist Senator Nathaniel Chipman lost re-election to Democratic-Republican Israel Smith. Smith received 102 votes in the Vermont House of Representatives and 9 from the Governor and Council.[11] Spencer received 75 votes from the House and 4 from the Governor and Council.[11]
Virginia
Two-term Democratic-Republican incumbent Stevens Mason was re-elected in 1803.
Virginia (special)
Democratic-Republican Senator Stevens T. Mason died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term. John Taylor (DR) was appointed but chose not to run to finish the term. Abraham B. Venable (DR) was elected December 7, 1803 as the unanimous choice of the Virginia General Assembly. No vote totals were recorded.[15]
See also
References
- ↑ "New York 1802 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing The Poughkeepsie Journal (Poughkeepsie, NY). February 16, 1802.
- ↑ "New Hampshire 1802 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing Courier of New Hampshire (Concord, NH). June 24, 1802. The Providence Gazette (Providence, RI). July 3, 1802.
- ↑ "South Carolina 1802 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing Original Election Returns. South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia. The Carolina Gazette (Charleston, SC). December 16, 1802. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (Washington, DC). December 22, 1802.
- ↑ "Connecticut 1802 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing American Mercury (Hartford, CT). November 4, 1802.
- ↑ "Delaware 1803 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1803. 13-14.
- ↑ "Maryland 1802 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1802. 10.
- ↑ "Massachusetts 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing Columbian Centinel. Massachusetts Federalist (Boston, MA). February 5, 1803. The Independent Chronicle (Boston, MA). February 7, 1803. Columbian Centinel. Massachusetts Federalist (Boston, MA). February 9, 1803. Hampshire Gazette (Northampton, MA). February 9, 1803. Boston Gazette (Boston, MA). February 10, 1803. Republican Star or Eastern Shore General Advertiser (Easton, MD). March 1, 1803. Frederick-Town Herald (Fredericktown, MD). March 5, 1803.
- ↑ "New Jersey 1802 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing Middlebury Mercury (Middlebury, VT). December 15, 1802.
- ↑ "New York 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1803. 39-40.
- ↑ "Rhode Island 1802 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 31, 2018. , citing The Providence Phoenix (Providence, RI). November 2, 1802.
- 1 2 3 "Bennington: October 25, 1802". City Gazette. Charleston, South Carolina. November 20, 1802. p. 2 – via GenealogyBank.com. (Subscription required (help)).
- ↑ "Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 1, 2018. , citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 21-22.
- ↑ "New Jersey 1803 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 8, 1803.
- ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=112577
- 1 2 "Richmond: December 10, 1803". Wilmington, North Carolina: Wilmington Gazette. December 27, 1803. p. 4. (Subscription required (help)).
Mr. Taylor having declined to serve longer, Abraham B. Venable, esq., was on Wednesday last unanimously elected by the General Assembly in the room of Mr. Taylor.
- ↑ "Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018. , citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 27. Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia, PA). October 18, 1803. White, Robert Hiram. Messages of the Governors of Tennessee, 1796-1821. Vol. 1. Nashville: The Tennessee Historical Commission, 1952.
- ↑ New Jersey Legislature (1804). Minutes and Proceedings of the Joint Meeting, November 3, 1803. Trenton, NJ: Sherman, Mershon & Thomas. p. 44.
- ↑ Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901. Columbus, Ohio: Century Publishing Co. p. 96 – via Google books.
Sources
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
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