United States Senate elections, 1816 and 1817
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12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 19 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1816 and 1817 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party gain a net of two seats from the admission of a new state, and which coincided with the presidential election.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Results summary
Senate Party Division, 15th Congress (1817–1819)
- Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (25–28)
- Minority Party: Federalist (13–12)
- Total Seats: 38–42
Change in Senate composition
Results of the January 1816 special elections
| DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||
| DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 |
| Majority → | DR19 | ||||||||
| F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 Gain |
DR23 Gain |
DR22 | DR21 | DR20 | |
| F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||
Before the general elections
After the January 1816 special elections.
| DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||
| DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 Ran |
DR16 Unknown |
DR17 Unknown |
DR18 Unknown |
| Majority → | DR19 Unknown | ||||||||
| F9 | F10 | F11 Ran |
F12 Unknown |
F13 Unknown |
DR23 Resigned |
DR22 Resigned |
DR21 Resigned |
DR20 Retired | |
| F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||
Results of the general elections
| DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||
| DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 Hold |
DR16 Hold |
DR17 Hold |
DR18 Hold |
| Majority → | DR19 Hold | ||||||||
| F9 | F10 | F11 Hold |
F12 Gain |
F13 Gain |
V1 DR Loss |
DR22 Gain |
DR21 Gain |
DR20 Hold | |
| F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||
Results of the later special elections
| DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |
| DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 Hold |
DR18 Hold |
DR19 Hold |
| Majority → | DR20 | ||||||||
| F10 Hold |
F11 | F12 | F13 | V1 | DR24 Gain |
DR23 Gain |
DR22 Hold |
DR21 | |
| F9 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 Hold |
F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |
| Key: |
|
|---|
Race summaries
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1816 or before March 4, 1817; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Virginia (Class 2) |
Vacant | William B. Giles (DR) had resigned March 3, 1815. New senator elected January 3, 1816 on the fourth ballot despite being legally too young to serve. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Armistead Mason (Democratic-Republican) 128 votes Scattering 33 votes[1] | ||
| Maryland (Class 1) |
Vacant | The Maryland General Assembly failed to elect in time for the March 4, 1815 beginning of the term. New senator elected January 29, 1816. Federalist gain. |
√ Robert Harper (Federalist) 45 votes John T. Mason (Democratic-Republican) 44 votes[2] | ||
| Massachusetts (Class 1) |
Christopher Gore | Federalist | 1813 (Appointed) 1815 (Special) |
Incumbent resigned May 30, 1816, unhappy with the politics of Washington and suffering from poor health. New senator elected June 12, 1816. Federalist hold. |
√ Eli P. Ashmun (Federalist) 158 votes Scattering 137 votes[3] |
| Georgia (Class 2) |
William Wyatt Bibb | Democratic-Republican | 1813 (Special) | Incumbent resigned November 9, 1816. New senator elected November 13, 1816. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ George M. Troup (Democratic-Republican) 62 votes Clark 49 votes Spalding 6 votes[4] |
| North Carolina (Class 2) |
James Turner | Democratic-Republican | 1804 1810 |
Incumbent resigned November 21, 1816 due to ill health. New senator elected December 4, 1816 on the third ballot. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Montfort Stokes (Democratic-Republican) 98 votes John Branch 87 votes[5] |
| South Carolina (Class 2) |
John Taylor | Democratic-Republican | 1810 (Special) 1810 |
Incumbent resigned November 1816. New senator elected December 4, 1816. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William Smith (Federalist) 101 votes James R. Pringle 51 votes[6] |
| Kentucky (Class 2) |
Martin D. Hardin | Federalist | 1814 (Appointed) | Incumbent appointee elected December 5, 1816.[7] | √ Martin D. Hardin (Democratic-Republican) 74 votes Samuel H. Woodson (Democratic-Republican) 31 votes Norborn B. Beall (Democratic-Republican) 12 votes Matthew Lyon 2 votes[8] |
| Indiana (Class 1) |
New seat | Indiana was admitted to the Union December 11, 1816. New senator elected November 8, 1816. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Noble (Democratic-Republican) 265 votes √ Waller Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 20 votes James Scott 16 votes Jesse L. Holman 3 votes Ezra Ferris 2 votes Davis Floyd 2 votes Walter Wilson 2 votes Elias MacNamee 1 vote[9] | ||
| Indiana (Class 3) |
New seat | Indiana was admitted to the Union December 11, 1816. New senator elected November 8, 1816. Democratic-Republican gain. | |||
| Maryland (Class 1) |
Robert Goodloe Harper | Federalist | 1816 (Special) | Incumbent resigned December 6, 1816. New senator elected December 20, 1816. Federalist hold. |
√ Alexander Hanson (Federalist) 46 votes William H. Winder (Federalist) 39 votes Scattering (Federalist) 3 votes[10] |
Races leading to the next Congress
In these general elections, the winners were seated March 4, 1817; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware | William H. Wells | Federalist | 1799 (Special) 1799 1804 (Resigned) 1813 (Special) |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 31, 1817 on the third ballot. Federalist hold. |
√ Nicholas Van Dyke (Federalist) 14 votes William Hill Wells (Federalist) 11 votes James Tilton (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote[11] |
| Georgia | William Wyatt Bibb | Democratic-Republican | 1813 (Special) | Resigned November 9, 1816. New senator elected November 13, 1816 on the second ballot. Winner was also elected to finish the previous term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ George M. Troup (Democratic-Republican) 62 votes Clark 49 votes Spalding 6 votes[4] |
| Kentucky | Martin D. Hardin | Federalist | 1816 (Appointed) 1816 (Special) |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 10, 1816 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John J. Crittenden (Democratic-Republican) 72 votes John Adair (Federalist) 47 votes[12] |
| Louisiana | James Brown | Democratic-Republican | 1813 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1816 or 1817. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William Claiborne (Democratic-Republican) 27 votes James Brown 22 votes Blank 1 vote[13] |
| Massachusetts | Joseph Bradley Varnum | Democratic-Republican | 1811 | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected June 12, 1816. Federalist gain. |
√ Harrison Gray Otis (Federalist) 183 votes John Holmes 130 votes Levi Lincoln Jr. 6 votes Scattering 5 votes[14] |
| New Hampshire | Thomas W. Thompson | Federalist | 1814 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1816 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ David L. Morrill (Democratic-Republican) 92 votes John F. Parrott 86 votes Scattering 5 votes[15] |
| New Jersey | John Condit | Democratic-Republican | 1809 (Special) 1810 |
Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected January 23, 1817. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Mahlon Dickerson (Democratic-Republican) Unanimous Unopposed[16] |
| North Carolina | James Turner | Democratic-Republican | 1804 1810 |
Resigned November 21, 1816 due to ill health. New senator elected December 4, 1816 on the second ballot. Winner was also elected to finish the previous term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Montfort Stokes (Democratic-Republican) 96 votes Bartlett Yancey 91 votes [Data unknown/missing.][17] |
| Rhode Island | Jeremiah Howell | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1816 or 1817. Federalist gain. |
√ James Burrill, Jr. (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing.] |
| South Carolina | John Taylor | Democratic-Republican | 1810 (Special) 1810 |
Incumbent resigned November 1816. New senator elected December 4, 1816. Winner was also elected to the previous term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William Smith (Federalist) 101 votes James R. Pringle 51 votes[6] |
| Tennessee | John Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1815 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Incumbent was then appointed to start the term. Democratic-Republican loss. |
None. |
| Virginia | Armistead T. Mason | Democratic-Republican | 1816 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election, but he was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives. New senator elected December 9, 1816. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John W. Eppes (Democratic-Republican) 103 votes John Mercer (Democratic-Republican) 93 votes[18][19] |
Special elections during the next Congress
In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1817 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 2) |
John Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1815 (Special) | Legislature had failed to elect and the incumbent was then appointed to start the term. Interim appointee was re-elected October 2, 1817 to finish the term. |
√ John Williams (Democratic-Republican) 51 votes Unopposed[20] |
| New Hampshire (Class 3) |
Jeremiah Mason | Federalist | 1813 (Special) | Incumbent resigned June 16, 1817. New senator elected June 27, 1817 on the thirteenth ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Clement Storer (Democratic-Republican) Jeremiah Smith (Federalist) "An unfortunate disagreement among some of the members of the House, with regard to a candidate for Senator to Congress, was the occasion of several ballotings before a choice could be made. The Hon. CLEMENT STORER, was however, elected by the unanimous voice of the Republican members of the Senate, which vote was concurred by the House, on Thursday, by a plurality of eleven votes."[21] "The ballotings for a Senator to Congress, (after 13 trials, in which 33 persons were voted for) resulted in the choice of the Hon. CLEMENT STORER, by a majority of 8 or 10." Farmer's Cabinet (Amherst, NH). July 5, 1817.[21] |
| Vermont (Class 3) |
Dudley Chase | Democratic-Republican | 1812 | Resgined November 3, 1817. New senator elected November 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Fisk (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
| Mississippi (Class 1) |
New state | Mississippi was admitted as a new state. New senator elected December 10, 1817. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Walter Leake (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] | ||
| Mississippi (Class 2) |
New state | Mississippi was admitted as a new state. New senator elected December 10, 1817. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Thomas Williams (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] | ||
See also
Notes
- ↑ "Virginia 1816 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- ↑ "Maryland 1816 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
- ↑ "Massachusetts 1816 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
- 1 2 "Georgia 1816 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- ↑ "North Carolina 1816 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- 1 2 "South Carolina 1816 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- ↑ Byrd, page 110.
- ↑ "Kentucky 1816 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- ↑ "Indiana 1816 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
- ↑ "Maryland 1816 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
- ↑ "Delaware 1817 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- ↑ "Kentucky 1816 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- ↑ "Louisiana 1817 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ↑ "Massachusetts 1816 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
- ↑ "New Hampshire 1816 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- ↑ "New Jersey 1817 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
- ↑ "North Carolina 1816 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- ↑ "VA US Senate". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
- ↑ "Virginia 1816 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- ↑ "Tennessee 1817 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
- 1 2 "New Hampshire 1817 U.S. Senate, Ballot 13". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
References
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy, ed. "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992". United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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